Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
17432 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-91108 (GCVE-0-2026-91108)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-03 05:29 – Updated: 2026-10-03 15:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Alt Text AI <= 1.10.41 - Missing Authorization to Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary Post Content Modification via atai_enrich_post_content AJAX Action
Summary
The Alt Text AI – Automatically generate image alt text for SEO and accessibility plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 1.10.41. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to overwrite the post_content of any post or page on the site — including content they do not own — with LLM-generated text influenced by attacker-controlled keywords, enabling black-hat SEO manipulation and unauthorized consumption of the site owner's paid AltText.ai API credits. The nonce required to invoke the action is emitted on every admin page including /wp-admin/profile.php, which is accessible to Subscribers, making the nonce trivially obtainable by any authenticated user.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-03 15:33 UTC
CWE
- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| alttextai | Alt Text AI – Automatically generate image alt text for SEO and accessibility |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.10.41
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-91092 (GCVE-0-2026-91092)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-22 07:41 – Updated: 2026-09-23 18:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
wpForo Forum <= 3.1.5 - Missing Authorization to Authenticated (Subscriber+) Guest Post Takeover via wpforo_post_edit Action / Forged comment_author_email Cookie
Summary
The wpForo Forum plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 3.1.5. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to take over another guest author's forum post and modify its title, body, author name, and stored owner email address. This requires that guest posting and editing are enabled on the forum, and that the attacker knows the target guest author's email address.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-23 18:37 UTC
CWE
- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
Assigner
References
7 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| tomdever | wpForo Forum |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.1.5
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-91085 (GCVE-0-2026-91085)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-29 08:39 – Updated: 2026-10-01 14:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Karaf: config:install missing ACL entry allows privilege escalation to admin
Summary
Apache Karaf's shell/SSH command security is enforced by per-scope ACL configuration files (etc/org.apache.karaf.command.acl.<scope>.cfg). SecuredSessionFactoryImpl.checkSecurity() resolves the roles required for an invocation and, when no ACL rule matches the command, fails open: ACLConfigurationParser.Specificity.NO_MATCH sets passCheck = true. The safety valve for this, karaf.secured.command.compulsory.roles, ships commented out in etc/system.properties, so an unmatched command is allowed for any authenticated user.
The shipped org.apache.karaf.command.acl.config ACL (assemblies/features/standard/src/main/feature/feature.xml, mirrored into instance/.../etc/org.apache.karaf.command.acl.config.cfg) has no install entry. It restricts delete to admin, restricts edit/property-*/update on the jmx.acl.*, org.apache.karaf.command.acl.* and org.apache.karaf.service.acl.* PIDs to admin, and allows manager for everything else, but config:install was simply unmatched, and therefore allowed for any authenticated user, including one holding only the viewer role.
config:install <url> <finalname> fetches url and writes it into ${karaf.etc} as finalname. It calls PathUtils.checkWithin() to block .. traversal outside karaf.etc, but that folder holds every security-relevant file Karaf ships: users.properties, keys.properties, host.key, and all org.apache.karaf.*.acl.* files, including the very ACL file that (mis)governs this command. With -o/--override, an existing file is overwritten with attacker-controlled bytes fetched from an arbitrary URL.
Because felix.fileinstall.dir = ${karaf.etc} (etc/config.properties), Felix FileInstall also watches and reloads any .cfg file dropped there, closing the loop without requiring a restart.
By contrast, bundle:install, feature:install and kar:install are all admin-only in their own ACLs, and config:delete is admin in this same ACL, config:install was the outlier.
MitigationAdd install = admin in etc/org.apache.karaf.command.acl.config.cfg (create the file is absent), and/or set karaf.secured.command.compulsory.roles=admin in etc/system.properties (and restart) to make unmatched commands fail closed by default.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-01 14:17 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://karaf.apache.org/security/cve-2026-91085.txt | vendor-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/0… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Karaf |
Affected:
0 , < 4.4.12
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-91048 (GCVE-0-2026-91048)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-29 08:34 – Updated: 2026-10-01 14:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Karaf: Missing authorization on the jdbc:* shell command scope allows privilege escalation to remote code execution via jdbc:ds-create
Summary
The jdbc shell command scope shipped no org.apache.karaf.command.acl.jdbc.cfg. Karaf's command guard (SecuredSessionFactoryImpl) treats a command with no matching ACL rule as allowed, so any authenticated shell session (including one holding only the viewer role) could run every jdbc:* command. jdbc:ds-create stores a fully attacker-controlled JDBC URL into a pax-jdbc-config factory Configuration with no validation. pax-jdbc-config reactively turns that into a live DataSource. Several JDBC drivers run code or SQL at connection time based on URL parameters (e.g. H2 INIT=RUNSCRIPT), so a viewer-level shell user could reach arbitrary code execution, bypassing the admin-role gate that already protects shell:exec. This is a privilege-escalation-to-RCE chain, not merely an "admin misconfiguration".
The same applies to jms:* shell commands.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-01 14:13 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Karaf |
Affected:
0 , < 4.4.12
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CVE-2026-90941 (GCVE-0-2026-90941)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 13:58 – Updated: 2026-09-24 14:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
novel-plus through 5.3.3 Missing Authorization on the Admin Book Download Endpoint
Summary
novel-plus through 5.3.3 contains an authorization bypass vulnerability in the BookController download endpoint that allows authenticated backend accounts to export complete book text including paid chapters. Attackers can supply a bookId and bookName to retrieve all chapter content without VIP or purchase verification, bypassing the permission checks and data-scope limits enforced elsewhere in the admin interface.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-16 15:03 UTC
CWE
- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/LinYuanyi1/cve-request-poc/blo… | exploit |
| https://github.com/201206030/novel-plus/blob/d63c… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/201206030/novel-plus/blob/d63c… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/201206030/novel-plus/releases/… | release-notes |
| https://github.com/201206030/novel-plus | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/novel-plus-t… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 201206030 | novel-plus |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 5.3.3
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:xxyopen:novel-plus:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-09-12 00:00
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CVE-2026-90939 (GCVE-0-2026-90939)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 13:58 – Updated: 2026-09-24 14:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
novel-plus through 5.3.3 Missing Authorization on the Admin /sys/user/list Endpoint
Summary
novel-plus through 5.3.3 contains an information disclosure vulnerability in the /sys/user/list endpoint that lacks proper permission annotations. Authenticated attackers can retrieve password hashes and personal data including email addresses and phone numbers for users within their data scope, enabling offline hash cracking and account takeover.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 14:50 UTC
CWE
- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/LinYuanyi1/cve-request-poc/blo… | exploit |
| https://github.com/201206030/novel-plus/blob/d63c… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/201206030/novel-plus/blob/d63c… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/201206030/novel-plus/releases/… | release-notes |
| https://github.com/201206030/novel-plus | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/novel-plus-t… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 201206030 | novel-plus |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 5.3.3
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:xxyopen:novel-plus:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-09-12 00:00
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CVE-2026-90933 (GCVE-0-2026-90933)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 12:48 – Updated: 2026-09-14 13:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
laradashboard through 1.2.2 Missing Authorization via License API
Summary
laradashboard through 1.2.2 contains a missing authorization vulnerability in the Local License API endpoints that allows any authenticated user to read, overwrite, and delete premium module license keys. Attackers with low-privileged accounts can access GET /api/admin/licenses/show, POST /api/admin/licenses/store, and POST /api/admin/licenses/remove endpoints to disclose confidential license keys, inject attacker-controlled values, or delete stored licenses entirely.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 13:38 UTC
CWE
- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/laradashboard/laradashboard/se… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/laradashboar… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| laradashboard | laradashboard |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.2.2
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:laradashboard:lara_dashboard:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-08-30 00:00
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CVE-2026-90895 (GCVE-0-2026-90895)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 09:40 – Updated: 2026-09-14 10:26
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MISP Interactive CLI Shell: Authorization Bypass, Credential Exposure, and Terminal Injection
Summary
Affected versions of MISP’s interactive CLI shell implement access control independently from the normal web application, causing several authorization inconsistencies.
The patch shows that CLI access could differ from the web application in multiple security-sensitive areas:
- feed listings did not enforce the same lookup_visible restrictions for non-host-organisation users;
- feed detail access did not enforce the same host-organisation/site-admin authorization as FeedsController::view();
- Feed.headers, which can contain HTTP authorization credentials, could be exposed instead of being hidden or masked;
- server synchronization authkey values were not explicitly hidden from CLI detail output;
- sharing-group detail access did not consistently use SharingGroup::checkIfAuthorised();
- the use command could establish context for a record without first proving that the user was authorized to view that record
The commit additionally hardens pagination and terminal rendering, including neutralization of terminal control sequences found in database-backed values. Those are important hardening changes, but the main vulnerability is the CLI authorization/data-disclosure mismatch.
Version affected: ≤2.5.45
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 10:24 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/cd9f548ed | patch |
GCVE extensions
AI-generated
Confidence: high
Model
qwen3.8:27b
advisory
bcp-05-x-01bcp-05-x-02
Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.
ai-computer-assisted:llm-generatedai-computer-assisted:classification
| Model | Source | Identifier |
|---|---|---|
| qwen3.8:27b | ollama | qwen3.8:27b |
- Generator
-
patch2vuln.pyon 2026-09-14 09:16 - Model
qwen3.8:27b- Input
-
https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/cd9f548ed.patch
1993ed3ac039… - Confidence
- high
| Commit | Subject | Patch SHA-256 |
|---|---|---|
cd9f548ed808
|
fix: [cli] Route interactive CLI shell authorization through | 1993ed3ac039… |
Fix summary
The fix replaces the shell's hand-rolled authorization logic with the same model-level accessors used by the web interface (Event::fetchSimpleEvent, MispAttribute::fetchAttributes, MispObject::fetchObjects, SharingGroup::checkIfAuthorised, Organisation::canSee), ensuring read and write operations enforce identical ACL rules. Credential columns are excluded at the query level via a hiddenFields mechanism so they are never fetched from the database. The inline detail editor now delegates to the entity-specific edit handlers, which enforce per-record write authorization. All terminal output passes through a sanitiser that neutralises C0/C1 control characters, ANSI escape sequences, and Unicode bidirectional overrides. Pagination is clamped to a safe range (1-1000) to prevent unbounded result sets.
Patch summary
Replaced hand-rolled ACL conditions in attribute, object, feed, sharing-group, and organisation queries with calls to the model's authorized fetch methods (fetchAttributes, fetchObjects, fetchSimpleEvent, checkIfAuthorised, canSee). Added hiddenFields configuration for server (authkey), feed (headers), and user (password, authkey, totp, hotp_counter, external_auth_key) so credential columns are excluded from SQL SELECT. Added __detailFields() to build the field list excluding hidden columns. Rewrote __editDetailField() to delegate to entity-specific edit handlers with a $fields parameter, eliminating the unguarded direct save(). Added __canWriteEntity() and __denyWrite() as a unified write-authorization gate for add/edit/delete. Added __term() sanitiser applied via overridden out()/err() methods and __termRows() for list data, neutralising C0/C1 controls, DEL, and Unicode bidi characters. Added __normalisePagination() to clamp limit to 1-1000 and page to >=1. Added __warnUnsupportedFilters() to report ignored
CVSS rationale
AV:L: The CLI shell is a local console command requiring SSH or local shell access to the MISP server. AC:L: No race conditions or special timing are needed; the unguarded write path and missing ACL checks are deterministic. AT:N: The authorization bypass and credential exposure require no target interaction. PR:L: Any authenticated MISP user with basic permissions (perm_add) can exploit the write bypass and read credential columns. UI:N: The core authorization bypass and data exposure do not require the victim to perform any action. VC:H: Sensitive credentials (feed HTTP auth, server sync key, user passwords/TOTP) are exposed. VI:H: An attacker can modify events, attributes, and objects they should not be able to change. VA:H: An attacker can read records (feeds, organisations, hidden tags) outside their authorized scope. SC/SI/SA:N: Impact is confined to the local MISP instance and its data.
Weakness rationale
- CWE-862 The primary vulnerability: the inline detail editor saved records without enforcing per-record write authorization, and list/detail queries used incomplete ACL conditions that did not match the web interface's access rules. A user who could read a record could modify it, and could read records (feeds, organisations, tags) the web would not expose.
- CWE-200 Credential columns (Feed.headers, Server.authkey, User.password/authkey/totp/hotp_counter/external_auth_key) were fetched from the database and exposed in CLI output to users who should not have access, and organisation/tag visibility settings were not enforced.
- CWE-150 Database values containing ANSI escape sequences, C0/C1 control characters, or Unicode bidirectional override characters were printed verbatim to the terminal, allowing output forgery, window retitling, and visual manipulation of displayed indicators.
- CWE-400 A limit value of zero, negative, or non-numeric caused the ORM to omit the SQL LIMIT clause, returning the entire table into memory and enabling denial of service.
Assumptions to verify
- The CLI shell is accessible to any authenticated MISP user with local/SSH access to the server; no additional authentication layer is assumed.
- The affected version range is not precisely bounded; the fix commit is 184 commits after tag v2.5.46, but the exact release version containing the fix is not stated in the patch metadata.
- CVSS assumes the attacker already possesses a low-privilege MISP account and local shell access; remote exploitation without local access is not assessed.
- The terminal injection impact (VC:H) is assessed on the basis that an analyst's terminal session is the primary trust boundary for indicator review; in automated/piped contexts the impact may be lower.
- The unguarded write path is assessed as allowing modification of any readable record, not limited to specific entity types, based on the patch comment stating 'a user rewrite any record they could read'.
Model comparison
Selected qwen3.8:27b
by deterministic-consensus-v1
The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required.
| Model | Score | Agreement | Confidence | Assumptions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
qwen3.8:27b |
6 | 9 | high | 5 |
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CVE-2026-90820 (GCVE-0-2026-90820)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 20:45 – Updated: 2026-09-15 13:55 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
a2aproject a2a-java AuthorizationRequestHandlerDecorator.java AuthorizationRequestHandlerDecorator.onListTasks authorization
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in a2aproject a2a-java 1.2.0. The impacted element is the function AuthorizationRequestHandlerDecorator.onListTasks of the file server-common/src/main/java/org/a2aproject/sdk/server/requesthandlers/AuthorizationRequestHandlerDecorator.java. Such manipulation leads to missing authorization. The attack can be launched remotely. Upgrading to version 1.3.0 is sufficient to resolve this issue. The name of the patch is e9a1abf9c90c02b16d17293afdc3cc2f555d63a6. The affected component should be upgraded.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 13:32 UTC
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403323 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403323/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-90820 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/925152 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/a2aproject/a2a-java/pull/1038 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/a2aproject/a2a-java/commit/e9a… | patch |
| https://github.com/a2aproject/a2a-java/releases/t… | patch |
| https://github.com/a2aproject/a2a-java/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| a2aproject | a2a-java |
Affected:
1.2.0
Unaffected: 1.3.0 cpe:2.3:a:a2aproject:a2a-java:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-90806 (GCVE-0-2026-90806)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 17:30 – Updated: 2026-09-14 17:57 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
DjangoCRM django-crm Bulk Case Update bulk_views.py BulkUpdateCasesView authorization
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in DjangoCRM django-crm up to 1.2. This vulnerability affects the function BulkUpdateCasesView of the file backend/cases/bulk_views.py of the component Bulk Case Update. The manipulation leads to missing authorization. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. Upgrading to version 1.3.0 is able to resolve this issue. The identifier of the patch is 799bb1210238f402c0c4948c8eedb6e61cd0c8d7. You should upgrade the affected component.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 17:56 UTC
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403308 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403308/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-90806 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/920489 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/Django-CRM/Django-CRM/issues/745 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/Django-CRM/Django-CRM/pull/746 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/Django-CRM/Django-CRM/commit/7… | patch |
| https://github.com/Django-CRM/Django-CRM/releases… | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DjangoCRM | django-crm |
Affected:
1.0
Affected: 1.1 Affected: 1.2 Unaffected: 1.3.0 cpe:2.3:a:djangocrm:django-crm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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{
"name": "CVE-2026-90806 | CVE Analysis and Report",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-90806"
},
{
"name": "Submit #920489 | Django-CRM master Missing Authorization",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
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"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/920489"
},
{
"tags": [
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Django-CRM/Django-CRM/issues/745"
},
{
"tags": [
"issue-tracking",
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Django-CRM/Django-CRM/pull/746"
},
{
"tags": [
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"url": "https://github.com/Django-CRM/Django-CRM/commit/799bb1210238f402c0c4948c8eedb6e61cd0c8d7"
},
{
"tags": [
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"url": "https://github.com/Django-CRM/Django-CRM/releases/tag/v1.3.0"
}
],
"tags": [
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"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-09-13T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
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{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-09-13T02:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-09-13T17:50:45.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "DjangoCRM django-crm Bulk Case Update bulk_views.py BulkUpdateCasesView authorization",
"x_generator": [
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}
},
"cveMetadata": {
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"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-90806",
"datePublished": "2026-09-14T17:30:08.547Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-09-13T15:45:40.850Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-14T17:57:14.310Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
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"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Installation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.