Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-522
Allowed-with-ReviewInsufficiently Protected Credentials
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.
1848 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-67427 (GCVE-0-2026-67427)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-29 18:45 – Updated: 2026-07-30 15:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Flyto2 Core: ${env.VAR} interpolation reads any env secret despite env.get being denylisted
Summary
Flyto2 Core is an execution kernel for automation and AI-agent workflows. Prior to 2.26.6, the workflow engine variable resolver expands ${env.VAR} for any host environment variable without an allowlist or capability policy check, allowing a workflow parameter to bypass the default capability policy denylist for env.get and env.load_dotenv and exfiltrate secrets through allowed modules. This issue is fixed in version 2.26.6.
Severity
8.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/flytohub/flyto-core/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/flytohub/flyto-core/commit/d5f… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/flytohub/flyto-core/releases/t… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| flytohub | flyto-core |
Affected:
< 2.26.6
|
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CVE-2026-67426 (GCVE-0-2026-67426)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-29 18:43 – Updated: 2026-07-29 19:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Flyto2 Core: Unauthenticated flyto-verification /run: callback_url SSRF and internal runner-secret exfiltration
Summary
Flyto2 Core is an execution kernel for automation and AI-agent workflows. Prior to 2.26.7, the standalone flyto-verification service in src/core/verification_service.py exposes unauthenticated POST /run on 0.0.0.0:8344 and uses client-supplied callback_url for an outbound POST with X-Internal-Key: $FLYTO_RUNNER_SECRET while bypassing target_allowed, allowing unauthenticated SSRF and runner secret exfiltration. This issue is fixed in version 2.26.7.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/flytohub/flyto-core/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/flytohub/flyto-core/commit/0a0… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/flytohub/flyto-core/releases/t… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| flytohub | flyto-core |
Affected:
< 2.26.7
|
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CVE-2026-67425 (GCVE-0-2026-67425)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-29 18:35 – Updated: 2026-07-29 19:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Flyto2 Core: LLM/API keys leak to an attacker-controlled base_url
Summary
Flyto2 Core is an execution kernel for automation and AI-agent workflows. Prior to 2.26.6, llm.chat reads provider keys such as OPENAI_API_KEY and ANTHROPIC_API_KEY from the environment and sends them in the Authorization: Bearer header to caller-controlled base_url, allowing an attacker to receive the operator's key on a public host that passes the SSRF guard. This issue is fixed in version 2.26.6.
Severity
8.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/flytohub/flyto-core/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/flytohub/flyto-core/commit/d5f… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/flytohub/flyto-core/releases/t… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| flytohub | flyto-core |
Affected:
< 2.26.6
|
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CVE-2026-62327 (GCVE-0-2026-62327)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-13 21:37 – Updated: 2026-07-14 14:30 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
9Router 0.4.41 - Unauthenticated API Key Exposure via /api/usage/stats
Summary
9Router through version 0.4.41 contains an unauthenticated information disclosure vulnerability that allows remote attackers to retrieve plaintext API keys for all connected AI provider accounts by sending a single unauthenticated request to the /api/usage/stats endpoint. Attackers can exploit the missing authentication middleware on the Next.js API route to obtain full API key strings alongside token counts, cost breakdowns, and request metadata, enabling unauthorized use of connected AI provider accounts, billing fraud, and quota exhaustion.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/decolua/9router/security/advis… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/9router-unau… | third-party-advisory |
Date Public
2026-06-13 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2026-62214 (GCVE-0-2026-62214)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-17 00:06 – Updated: 2026-07-17 10:44 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenClaw < 2026.5.28 Bot Framework SSRF via serviceUrl Parameter Validation
Summary
OpenClaw versions before 2026.5.28 Bot Framework contains an improper input validation vulnerability that allows lower-trust callers to expose bot tokens and credentials by failing to properly validate serviceUrl parameters. Attackers can supply malicious serviceUrl values through configured input paths to retrieve sensitive authentication data outside the trusted boundary.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-522 - Insufficiently Protected Credentials
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/adv… | vendor-advisory |
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Impacted products
Date Public
2026-06-30 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2026-62213 (GCVE-0-2026-62213)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-17 00:06 – Updated: 2026-07-20 23:34 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenClaw < 2026.5.27 Token Leakage via MS Teams Outbound Requests
Summary
OpenClaw versions before 2026.5.27 contain a token leakage vulnerability in MS Teams outbound requests that allows lower-trust callers to expose Bot Framework tokens. Attackers can access configured input paths to retrieve credentials that should remain within the trusted boundary.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-522 - Insufficiently Protected Credentials
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/adv… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-tok… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-06-30 00:00
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CVE-2026-62208 (GCVE-0-2026-62208)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-17 00:06 – Updated: 2026-07-17 10:45 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenClaw < 2026.6.5 Authorization Header Forwarding via SSE
Summary
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Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-522 - Insufficiently Protected Credentials
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/adv… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-aut… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-06-30 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2026-59891 (GCVE-0-2026-59891)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 16:54 – Updated: 2026-07-21 18:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Credential confusion in @sigstore/oci can leak registry credentials to an attacker-controlled registry
Summary
sigstore-js provides JavaScript libraries for interacting with Sigstore services. Prior to 0.7.1, getRegistryCredentials() reads credentials from the Docker config file and selects an entry by checking whether any configured auth key contains the target registry string. Because this is a substring match rather than an exact host match, credentials configured for one registry can be selected for and transmitted to a different registry whose hostname has a substring relationship with a configured auth key. This issue is fixed in version 0.7.1.
Severity
9.6 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-522 - Insufficiently Protected Credentials
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/sigstore/sigstore-js/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/sigstore/sigstore-js/commit/85… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/sigstore/sigstore-js/releases/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| sigstore | sigstore-js |
Affected:
< 0.7.1
|
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CVE-2026-59209 (GCVE-0-2026-59209)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-09 15:32 – Updated: 2026-07-09 17:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
n8n: Shared Credential Header Leak via HTTP Request Pagination Expression
Summary
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to 1.123.61, 2.27.4, and, 2.28.1, an authenticated member with use-only editor access to a shared workflow could read credential-populated headers exposed via the $request object inside an HTTP Request node's pagination expression and exfiltrate the secret through item data. This issue is fixed in versions 1.123.61, 2.27.4, and 2.28.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n%402.27.4 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n%402.28.1 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-56843 (GCVE-0-2026-56843)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 00:15 – Updated: 2026-07-08 13:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Incorrect authorization in the XML-RPC API of WebPros Plesk before 18.0.78.4 allows a low-privileged authenticated customer to look up domains they do not own, because ownership is enforced only for certain lookup filters and schema validation is bypassed for legacy protocol versions. This results in cross-tenant disclosure of other tenants' FTP credentials stored in cleartext, which can be leveraged to execute code as another tenant's system user.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-522 - Insufficiently Protected Credentials
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use an appropriate security mechanism to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Make appropriate use of cryptography to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Implementation
Use industry standards to protect the credentials (e.g. LDAP, keystore, etc.).
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-474: Signature Spoofing by Key Theft
An attacker obtains an authoritative or reputable signer's private signature key by theft and then uses this key to forge signatures from the original signer to mislead a victim into performing actions that benefit the attacker.
CAPEC-50: Password Recovery Exploitation
An attacker may take advantage of the application feature to help users recover their forgotten passwords in order to gain access into the system with the same privileges as the original user. Generally password recovery schemes tend to be weak and insecure.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-560: Use of Known Domain Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing
An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.
CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)
An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-653: Use of Known Operating System Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate operating system credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the system, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. This applies to any Operating System.