CWE-441
Allowed-with-ReviewUnintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product receives a request, message, or directive from an upstream component, but the product does not sufficiently preserve the original source of the request before forwarding the request to an external actor that is outside of the product's control sphere. This causes the product to appear to be the source of the request, leading it to act as a proxy or other intermediary between the upstream component and the external actor.
187 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-73424 (GCVE-0-2026-73424)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-17 17:11 – Updated: 2026-08-18 14:49| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/withastro/astro/pull/17370 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/withastro/astro/commit/3a43cf0… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/withastro/astro/releases/tag/@… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-73266 (GCVE-0-2026-73266)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 16:36 – Updated: 2026-08-18 01:25- CWE-441 - Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-73266 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2514217 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Multicluster Engine for Kubernetes |
cpe:/a:redhat:multicluster_engine
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CVE-2026-73079 (GCVE-0-2026-73079)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-11 15:54 – Updated: 2026-08-11 16:42| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/pull/5137 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-72640 (GCVE-0-2026-72640)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 19:13 – Updated: 2026-08-13 20:28- CWE-441 - Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elastic | Eck Operator |
Affected:
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CVE-2026-72526 (GCVE-0-2026-72526)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-12 01:10 – Updated: 2026-08-12 19:41- CWE-441 - Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-72526 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2514227 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2 |
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CVE-2026-70398 (GCVE-0-2026-70398)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-12 01:10 – Updated: 2026-08-12 19:41- CWE-441 - Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
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CVE-2026-67567 (GCVE-0-2026-67567)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-20 20:34 – Updated: 2026-08-21 16:20- CWE-441 - Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
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CVE-2026-63643 (GCVE-0-2026-63643)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-18 17:18 – Updated: 2026-08-19 18:21| URL | Tags |
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CVE-2026-56675 (GCVE-0-2026-56675)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-10 15:39 – Updated: 2026-07-10 16:55| URL | Tags |
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"cveId": "CVE-2026-56675",
"datePublished": "2026-07-10T15:39:23.282Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-22T16:39:01.044Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-10T16:55:03.329Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
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CVE-2026-55430 (GCVE-0-2026-55430)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 00:03 – Updated: 2026-07-08 17:10| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/coder/coder/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/coder/coder/pull/26204 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.29.17 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.32.7 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.33.8 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.34.2 | x_refsource_MISC |
{
"containers": {
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{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-55430",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-07-08T16:57:10.249359Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
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"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-08T17:10:40.949Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
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"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "coder",
"vendor": "coder",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 2.34.0, \u003c 2.34.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 2.33.0, \u003c 2.33.8"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 2.30.0, \u003c 2.32.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 2.29.17"
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"descriptions": [
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"lang": "en",
"value": "Coder allows organizations to provision remote development environments via Terraform. Prior to versions 2.29.7, 2.32.7, 2.33.8, and 2.34.2, the workspace app proxy resolves the target app from `httpapi.RequestHost()` which prefers the `X-Forwarded-Host` header over the real `Host` header. No middleware strips `X-Forwarded-Host` before routing and the header is not browser-forbidden so client-side JavaScript can set it on `fetch()` calls. Practical exploitation requires subdomain app routing (wildcard hostname) enabled, a victim who visits the attacker\u0027s shared app and a deployment whose upstream proxy does not strip `X-Forwarded-Host`. The fix in versions 2.29.7, 2.32.7, 2.33.8, and 2.34.2 trusts `X-Forwarded-Host` only from configured trusted proxies and otherwise resolves the routing host from the verified request host. As a workaround, place an upstream reverse proxy that strips or overwrites `X-Forwarded-Host` on untrusted requests."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 5.8,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
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"cweId": "CWE-345",
"description": "CWE-345: Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity",
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"descriptions": [
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"cweId": "CWE-441",
"description": "CWE-441: Unintended Proxy or Intermediary (\u0027Confused Deputy\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
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{
"name": "https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.29.17",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
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"url": "https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.29.17"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.32.7",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.32.7"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.33.8",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.33.8"
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{
"name": "https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.34.2",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
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"url": "https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.34.2"
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"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-5g4w-3vw9-478w",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Coder\u0027s subdomain workspace app routing trusts unauthenticated X-Forwarded-Host header, enabling cross-app data access"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
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"datePublished": "2026-07-08T00:03:29.728Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-16T21:59:57.017Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-08T17:10:40.949Z",
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Mitigation
Enforce the use of strong mutual authentication mechanism between the two parties.
Mitigation
Whenever a product is an intermediary or proxy for transactions between two other components, the proxy core should not drop the identity of the initiator of the transaction. The immutability of the identity of the initiator must be maintained and should be forwarded all the way to the target.
CAPEC-219: XML Routing Detour Attacks
An attacker subverts an intermediate system used to process XML content and forces the intermediate to modify and/or re-route the processing of the content. XML Routing Detour Attacks are Adversary in the Middle type attacks (CAPEC-94). The attacker compromises or inserts an intermediate system in the processing of the XML message. For example, WS-Routing can be used to specify a series of nodes or intermediaries through which content is passed. If any of the intermediate nodes in this route are compromised by an attacker they could be used for a routing detour attack. From the compromised system the attacker is able to route the XML process to other nodes of their choice and modify the responses so that the normal chain of processing is unaware of the interception. This system can forward the message to an outside entity and hide the forwarding and processing from the legitimate processing systems by altering the header information.
CAPEC-465: Transparent Proxy Abuse
A transparent proxy serves as an intermediate between the client and the internet at large. It intercepts all requests originating from the client and forwards them to the correct location. The proxy also intercepts all responses to the client and forwards these to the client. All of this is done in a manner transparent to the client.