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CWE-116
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.
CVE-2026-40568 (GCVE-0-2026-40568)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-21 16:08 – Updated: 2026-04-21 20:37
VLAI
Title
FreeScout Vulnerable to XSS via Mailbox Signature Due to Incomplete HTML Sanitization
Summary
FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Versions prior to 1.8.213 have a stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the mailbox signature feature. The sanitization function `Helper::stripDangerousTags()` (`app/Misc/Helper.php:568`) uses an incomplete blocklist of only four HTML tags (`script`, `form`, `iframe`, `object`) and does not remove event handler attributes. When a mailbox signature is saved via `MailboxesController::updateSave()` (`app/Http/Controllers/MailboxesController.php:267`), HTML elements such as `<img>`, `<svg>`, and `<details>` with event handler attributes like `onerror` and `onload` pass through sanitization unchanged and are stored in the database. The signature is then rendered as raw HTML via the Blade `{!! !!}` tag in `editor_bottom_toolbar.blade.php:6` and re-inserted into the visible DOM by jQuery `.html()` at `main.js:1789-1790`, triggering the injected event handlers. Any authenticated user with the `ACCESS_PERM_SIGNATURE` (`sig`) permission on a mailbox -- a delegatable, non-admin permission -- can inject arbitrary HTML and JavaScript into the mailbox signature. The payload fires automatically, with no victim interaction, whenever any agent or administrator opens any conversation in the affected mailbox. This enables session hijacking (under CSP bypass conditions such as IE11 or module-weakened CSP), phishing overlays that work in all browsers regardless of CSP, and chaining to admin-level actions including email exfiltration via mass assignment and self-propagating worm behavior across all mailboxes. Version 1.8.213 fixes the issue.
Severity
8.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/freescout-help-desk/freescout/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/freescout-help-desk/freescout/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/freescout-help-desk/freescout/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| freescout-help-desk | freescout |
Affected:
< 1.8.213
|
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CVE-2026-40593 (GCVE-0-2026-40593)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-18 00:02 – Updated: 2026-04-20 14:56
VLAI
Title
ChurchCRM: Stored XSS in UserEditor.php via Login Name Field
Summary
ChurchCRM is an open-source church management system. In versions prior to 7.2.0, the User Editor (UserEditor.php) renders stored usernames directly into an HTML input value attribute without applying htmlspecialchars(). An administrator can save a username containing HTML attribute-breaking characters and event handlers, which execute in the browser of any administrator who subsequently views that user's editor page, resulting in stored XSS. This issue has been fixed in version 7.2.0.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ChurchCRM/CRM/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-40871 (GCVE-0-2026-40871)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-21 19:12 – Updated: 2026-04-21 20:36
VLAI
Title
mailcow: dockerized vulnerable to Second Order SQL Injection in quarantine category via API
Summary
mailcow: dockerized is an open source groupware/email suite based on docker. Versions prior to 2026-03b have a second-order SQL injection vulnerability in the quarantine_category field via the Mailcow API. The /api/v1/add/mailbox endpoint stores quarantine_category without validation or sanitization. This value is later used by quarantine_notify.py, which constructs SQL queries using unsafe % string formatting instead of parameterized queries. This results in a delayed (second-order) SQL injection when the quarantine notification job executes, allowing an attacker to inject arbitrary SQL. Using a UNION SELECT, sensitive data (e.g., admin credentials) can be exfiltrated and rendered inside quarantine notification emails. Version 2026-03b fixes the vulnerability.
Severity
7.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized/sec… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| mailcow | mailcow-dockerized |
Affected:
< 2026-03b
|
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CVE-2026-41318 (GCVE-0-2026-41318)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-24 02:57 – Updated: 2026-04-24 18:17
VLAI
Title
AnythingLLM vulnerable to stored DOM XSS in chart caption renderer - LLM-driven prompt injection produces executable HTML via unsanitized renderMarkdown(content.caption) in Chartable component
Summary
AnythingLLM is an application that turns pieces of content into context that any LLM can use as references during chatting. Prior to version 1.12.1, AnythingLLM's in-chat markdown renderer has an unsafe custom rule for images that interpolates the markdown image's `alt` text into an HTML `alt="..."` attribute without any HTML encoding. Every call-site in the app wraps `renderMarkdown(...)` with `DOMPurify.sanitize(...)` as defense-in-depth — except the `Chartable` component, which renders chart captions with no sanitization. The chart caption is the natural-language text the LLM emits around a `create-chart` tool call, so any attacker who can influence the LLM's output — most cheaply via indirect prompt injection in a shared workspace document, or directly if they can create a chart record in a multi-user workspace — can trigger stored DOM-level XSS in every other user's browser when they open that conversation. AnythingLLM chat history is loaded server-side via `GET /api/workspace/:slug/chats` and rendered directly into the chat UI. Version 1.12.1 contains a patch for this issue.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Mintplex-Labs/anything-llm/sec… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/Mintplex-Labs/anything-llm/com… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mintplex-Labs | anything-llm |
Affected:
< 1.12.1
|
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CVE-2026-41426 (GCVE-0-2026-41426)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-24 19:15 – Updated: 2026-04-25 01:50
VLAI
Title
pretalx: Email injection via unescaped user-controlled placeholders in pretalx mail templates
Summary
pretalx is a conference planning tool. Prior to 2026.1.0, an unauthenticated attacker can send arbitrary HTML-rendered emails from a pretalx instance's configured sender address by embedding malformed HTML or markdown link syntax in a user-controlled template placeholder such as the account display name. The most direct vector is the password-reset flow: the attacker registers an account with a malicious name, enters the victim's email address, and triggers a password reset. The resulting email is delivered from the event's legitimate sender address and passes SPF/DKIM/DMARC validation, making it a ready-made phishing vector. This vulnerability is fixed in 2026.1.0.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pretalx/pretalx/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-42040 (GCVE-0-2026-42040)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-24 17:40 – Updated: 2026-04-27 13:48
VLAI
Title
Axios: Null Byte Injection via Reverse-Encoding in AxiosURLSearchParams
Summary
Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to 1.15.1 and 0.31.1, the encode() function in lib/helpers/AxiosURLSearchParams.js contains a character mapping (charMap) at line 21 that reverses the safe percent-encoding of null bytes. After encodeURIComponent('\x00') correctly produces the safe sequence %00, the charMap entry '%00': '\x00' converts it back to a raw null byte. Primary impact is limited because the standard axios request flow is not affected. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.15.1 and 0.31.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/axios/axios/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-42321 (GCVE-0-2026-42321)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-03 15:25 – Updated: 2026-06-03 15:51
VLAI
Title
GLPI has stored XSS in asset locks
Summary
GLPI is a free asset and IT management software package. Starting in version 10.0.4 and prior to version 10.0.25, a technician can store an XSS payload in the asset locked tab. Upgrade to 10.0.25 or 11.0.7 to receive a patch.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/glpi-project/glpi/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| glpi-project | glpi |
Affected:
>= 10.0.4, < 10.0.25
|
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CVE-2026-42558 (GCVE-0-2026-42558)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-10 21:39 – Updated: 2026-06-11 12:45
VLAI
Title
Xibo Vulnerable to Stored XSS and Iframe Sandbox Escape via Data Connector Script in DataSet
Summary
Xibo is an open source digital signage platform with a web content management system and Windows display player software. Prior to 4.4.2, a vulnerability chain consisting of Stored XSS and Iframe Sandbox escape in the Xibo CMS allows users with DataSet permissions to use the Data Connector functionality to craft messages which escape the sandbox and facilitate XSS. Exploitation of the vulnerability is possible on behalf of an authorized user who has both of the following privileges, which are not granted to non-admins as standard: Include "Add DataSet" button to allow for additional DataSets to be created independently to Layouts Users should upgrade to version 4.4.2 which fixes this issue. Upgrading to a fixed version is necessary to remediate. Users unable to upgrade should revoke such privileges from users they do not trust.
Severity
7.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/xibosignage/xibo-cms/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| xibosignage | xibo-cms |
Affected:
< 4.4.2
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CVE-2026-42810 (GCVE-0-2026-42810)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-04 16:48 – Updated: 2026-05-04 18:33
VLAI
Title
Apache Polaris: could broaden vended S3 credentials through wildcard-bearing namespace or table names
Summary
Apache Polaris accepts literal `*` characters in namespace and table names. When it
later builds temporary S3 access policies for delegated table access, those
same characters appear to be reused unescaped in S3 IAM resource patterns
and
`s3:prefix` conditions.
In S3 IAM policy matching, `*` is treated as a wildcard rather than as
ordinary text. That means temporary credentials issued for one crafted table
can match the storage path of a different table.
In private testing against Polaris 1.4.0 using Polaris' AWS S3 temporary-
credential path on both MinIO and real AWS S3, credentials returned for
crafted tables such as `f*.t1`, `f*.*`, `*.*`, and `foo.*` could reach other
tables' S3 locations.
The confirmed behavior includes:
- reading another table's metadata control file ([Iceberg metadata JSON]);
- listing another table's exact S3 table prefix ([table prefix]);
- and, when write delegation was returned for the crafted table, creating
and
deleting an object under another table's exact S3 table prefix.
A control case using ordinary different names did not allow the same
cross-table access.
A least-privilege AWS S3 variant was also confirmed in which the attacker
principal had no Polaris permissions on the victim table and only the
minimal permissions required to create and use a crafted wildcard table
(namespace-scoped `TABLE_CREATE` and `TABLE_WRITE_DATA` on `*`). In that
setup, direct Polaris access to `foo.t1` remained forbidden, but the
attacker
could still create and load `*.*`, receive delegated S3 credentials, and use
those credentials to list, read, create, and delete objects under `foo.t1`.
In Iceberg, the metadata JSON file is a control file: it tells readers which
data files belong to the table, which snapshots exist, and which table
version
to read. So unauthorized access to it is already a meaningful
confidentiality
problem. The confirmed write-capable variant means the issue is not limited
to
disclosure.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://lists.apache.org/thread/gg3qq9sqg4hdjmprq… | vendor-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/0… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Polaris |
Affected:
0 , < 1.4.1
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-43938 (GCVE-0-2026-43938)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-12 13:57 – Updated: 2026-05-12 15:39
VLAI
Title
YAF.NET: Unauthenticated Stored Second-Order XSS in Admin Event Log via Reflected `User-Agent` Header
Summary
YetAnotherForum.NET (YAF.NET) is a C# ASP.NET forum. Prior to 4.0.5 and 3.2.12, the application's database logger (YAFNET.Core/Logger/DbLogger.cs) captures the incoming request's User-Agent header into a JObject, serializes it with JsonConvert, and stores the result in the EventLog.Description column whenever an event (e.g., an unhandled exception) is logged. The admin event-log page (YetAnotherForum.NET/Pages/Admin/EventLog.cshtml.cs) later deserializes that JSON in FormatStackTrace() and interpolates the UserAgent value directly into an HTML string with no encoding, and the Razor view EventLog.cshtml emits the result through @Html.Raw. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.0.5 and 3.2.12.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/YAFNET/YAFNET/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
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Mitigation ID: MIT-4.3
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
- Alternately, use built-in functions, but consider using wrappers in case those functions are discovered to have a vulnerability.
Mitigation ID: MIT-27
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Parameterization
Description:
- If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
- For example, stored procedures can enforce database query structure and reduce the likelihood of SQL injection.
Mitigation
Phases: Architecture and Design, Implementation
Description:
- Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- In some cases, input validation may be an important strategy when output encoding is not a complete solution. For example, you may be providing the same output that will be processed by multiple consumers that use different encodings or representations. In other cases, you may be required to allow user-supplied input to contain control information, such as limited HTML tags that support formatting in a wiki or bulletin board. When this type of requirement must be met, use an extremely strict allowlist to limit which control sequences can be used. Verify that the resulting syntactic structure is what you expect. Use your normal encoding methods for the remainder of the input.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Use input validation as a defense-in-depth measure to reduce the likelihood of output encoding errors (see CWE-20).
Mitigation
Phase: Requirements
Description:
- Fully specify which encodings are required by components that will be communicating with each other.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting
An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.
CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename
An attack of this type involves an adversary inserting malicious characters (such as a XSS redirection) into a filename, directly or indirectly that is then used by the target software to generate HTML text or other potentially executable content. Many websites rely on user-generated content and dynamically build resources like files, filenames, and URL links directly from user supplied data. In this attack pattern, the attacker uploads code that can execute in the client browser and/or redirect the client browser to a site that the attacker owns. All XSS attack payload variants can be used to pass and exploit these vulnerabilities.
CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering
Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.
CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting
This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.