Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-94

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

8269 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-54133 (GCVE-0-2026-54133)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-12 13:56 – Updated: 2026-06-12 15:07
VLAI
Title
jmespath.php has CompilerRuntime code injection via unescaped function names
Summary
jmespath.php allows users to use JMESPath, software for declaratively specifying how to extract elements from a JSON document, in PHP applications with PHP data structures. Versions prior to 2.9.1 can generate and execute attacker-controlled PHP code when `JmesPath\CompilerRuntime` is used with an attacker-controlled JMESPath expression. The compiler emits parsed JMESPath function names into generated PHP source without sufficient escaping. A crafted expression can cause the generated cache file to contain executable attacker-controlled PHP, which is then loaded by the compiler runtime. The issue is patched in `2.9.1` and later. As a workaround, disable `JP_PHP_COMPILE` and do not use `JmesPath\CompilerRuntime` with attacker-controlled expressions. Use the default `AstRuntime` for untrusted expressions. Applications that must continue accepting untrusted JMESPath expressions before upgrading should ensure those expressions are never evaluated by the compiler runtime.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
jmespath jmespath.php Affected: < 2.9.1
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CVE-2026-54074 (GCVE-0-2026-54074)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-01 20:47 – Updated: 2026-07-02 15:35
VLAI
Title
@tinacms/cli: Remote Code Execution via Forestry migration — unsanitised __TINA_INTERNAL__ marker in user-controlled YAML labels
Summary
Tina is a headless content management system. @tinacms/cli versions prior to 2.4.3 contain a Remote Code Execution vulnerability in the Forestry-to-Tina migration command. The internal helper addVariablesToCode unquotes any value matching the marker "__TINA_INTERNAL__:::(.*?):::" inside the stringified collection JSON. User-supplied label and name fields from .forestry/**/*.yml are placed into that JSON without any sanitisation. An attacker who controls a Forestry-style project can therefore inject arbitrary JavaScript into the generated tina/templates.{ts,js} file. The injected code is written at module top level, so it executes the moment the developer runs tinacms dev or tinacms build, with the developer's privileges. This issue has been fixed in version 2.4.3.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
tinacms tinacms Affected: < 2.4.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54057 (GCVE-0-2026-54057)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-12 20:07 – Updated: 2026-06-16 03:55
VLAI
Title
Kitty vulnerable to command injection via unsanitized OSC 21 query reply
Summary
Kitty is a cross-platform GPU based terminal. In versions prior to 0.47.3, kitty's OSC 21 (color-control) query reply reflects attacker-controlled bytes, including newlines, into the shell's input without sanitization. Version 0.47.3 fixes the issue.
Severity
7.3 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-150 - Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
kovidgoyal kitty Affected: < 0.47.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-53951 (GCVE-0-2026-53951)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 15:26 – Updated: 2026-07-09 13:47
VLAI
Title
Copier: trust-prefix bypass via path traversal runs tasks unprompted
Summary
Copier is a library and CLI app for rendering project templates. In versions 9.5.0 through 9.15.1, the `trust` setting's prefix match (`copier/_settings.py`) compares the template URL against a trusted prefix with a raw `str.startswith` and no path normalization, while the URL is normalized when the template is actually fetched (`Path.resolve()` for local paths; libcurl dot-segment removal for `https`). A template reference that textually starts with a trusted prefix but contains `..` is therefore granted trust yet resolves to a different, attacker-controlled template, whose `tasks` / `migrations` / `jinja_extensions` then run without the `--trust` prompt — arbitrary command execution. Version 9.15.2 patches the issue.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
copier-org copier Affected: >= 9.5.0, < 9.15.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-53753 (GCVE-0-2026-53753)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 18:17 – Updated: 2026-06-23 18:55
VLAI
Title
Crawl4AI: AST Sandbox Escape via gi_frame.f_back Chain - Pre-Auth RCE in Docker API
Summary
Crawl4AI is an open-source LLM friendly web crawler & scraper. Prior to 0.8.7, the _safe_eval_expression() function in the computed fields feature uses an AST validator that only blocks attributes starting with underscore. Python generator and frame object attributes (gi_frame, f_back, f_builtins) do NOT start with underscore, enabling a complete sandbox escape to achieve arbitrary code execution. The attack requires no authentication (JWT disabled by default) and is triggered via POST /crawl with a crafted extraction schema. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.8.7.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-913 - Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
unclecode crawl4ai Affected: < 0.8.7
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CVE-2026-53751 (GCVE-0-2026-53751)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-07 20:31 – Updated: 2026-07-08 13:49
VLAI
Title
DataEase: H2 JDBC URL Filter Bypass Leads to Remote Code Execution (RCE)
Summary
DataEase is an open source data visualization and analysis tool. Prior to 2.10.24, the H2 database JDBC URL validation logic can be bypassed with special Unicode characters whose case-conversion behavior differs between DataEase validation and H2 parsing, allowing attackers to smuggle dangerous parameters such as init in malicious H2 JDBC connection strings and achieve arbitrary code execution. This issue is fixed in version 2.10.24.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
dataease dataease Affected: < 2.10.24
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CVE-2026-53576 (GCVE-0-2026-53576)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-26 20:54 – Updated: 2026-06-29 15:19
VLAI
Title
Kestra: Unauthenticated RCE via /configs path-suffix auth-filter bypass
Summary
Kestra is an open-source, event-driven orchestration platform. Prior to 1.0.45 and 1.3.21, the authentication filter for the REST API (@Filter("/api/v1/**")) treats any request whose path ends in /configs as the public instance-config endpoint and forwards it without a credential check. kestra addresses its resources by URL path segments that the caller chooses (/api/v1/{tenant}/flows/{namespace}, /api/v1/{tenant}/executions/{namespace}/{id}, /api/v1/{tenant}/namespaces/{namespace}/kv/{key}). An anonymous caller picks the literal configs as the final segment, and the request bypasses Basic-Auth entirely. Because the bypass reaches the flow-create and execution-trigger routes, an unauthenticated caller creates a flow containing a Shell or Process task and runs it. The task executes as root inside the kestra container. The official docker-compose.yml mounts /var/run/docker.sock, so root in the container reaches the host Docker daemon. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.0.45 and 1.3.21.
Severity
10 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-288 - Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
kestra-io kestra Affected: < 1.0.45
Affected: >= 1.1.0, < 1.3.21
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-53511 (GCVE-0-2026-53511)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-07 20:46 – Updated: 2026-07-09 03:55
VLAI
Title
calibre: Arbitrary Code Execution in Template Formatter via Book Metadata
Summary
calibre is an e-book manager. Prior to 9.10.0, a malicious EPUB, OPF, or PDF file can execute arbitrary Python code when its metadata is read by calibre, including through Add books or Edit books, by embedding a custom column definition with a python: template in calibre:user_metadata that is passed unsanitized to exec() in the template formatter. This issue is fixed in version 9.10.0.
Severity
8.5 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
kovidgoyal calibre Affected: < 9.10.0
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CVE-2026-52860 (GCVE-0-2026-52860)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-11 18:33 – Updated: 2026-07-15 00:46
VLAI
Title
Vim: Arbitrary Code Execution via Python Omni-Completion
Summary
Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Prior to version 9.2.0597, Vim's Python omni-completion executes reconstructed function and class definitions from the current buffer with exec() as part of populating the completion dictionary. Python evaluates function default values, parameter annotations, and class base expressions at definition time, so a hostile buffer can execute attacker-controlled Python expressions during omni-completion. The existing g:pythoncomplete_allow_import mitigation (GHSA-52mc-rq6p-rc7c) does not cover this path, because the attacker-controlled code is not a harvested import/from statement. This issue has been patched in version 9.2.0597.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-52858 (GCVE-0-2026-52858)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-11 18:32 – Updated: 2026-06-12 12:48
VLAI
Title
Vim: Arbitrary Code Execution via Python Omni-Completion
Summary
Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Prior to version 9.2.0561, the Python omni-completion script in python3complete.vim for Vim with the +python3 interpreter enabled (and the legacy pythoncomplete.vim for builds with the +python interpreter) executes the import and from statements found in the current buffer through Python's import machinery. Because the buffer's working directory is on sys.path, opening a hostile .py file with a sibling Python package and invoking omni-completion runs that package's top-level code as the editing user. This issue has been patched in version 9.2.0561.
Severity
7.3 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
  • CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
vim vim Affected: < 9.2.0561
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Refactoring

Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
  • Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation
Implementation

For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].

CAPEC-242: Code Injection

An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.

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