Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-94

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

8808 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-78059 (GCVE-0-2026-78059)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-23 03:15 – Updated: 2026-08-24 18:16 X_Freeware

Title

SourceCodester Stock Management System printOrder.php cross site scripting

Summary

A vulnerability has been found in SourceCodester Stock Management System 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /php_action/printOrder.php. Such manipulation of the argument clientName/clientContact leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-24 18:16 UTC

CWE

CWE-79 - Cross Site Scripting
CWE-94 - Code Injection

Assigner

VulDB mitre root

References

6 references

URL	Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/394299	vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/394299/cti	signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-78059	third-party-advisory
https://vuldb.com/submit/881484	third-party-advisory
https://github.com/i-QvQ-i/first-OvO/issues/12	exploitissue-tracking
https://www.sourcecodester.com/	product

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
SourceCodester	Stock Management System	Affected: 1.0 cpe:2.3:a:sourcecodester:stock_management_system::::::::

Credits

i-OvO-i (VulDB User)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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      "metrics": [
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          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
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        },
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  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
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}

CVE-2026-78055 (GCVE-0-2026-78055)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-23 01:00 – Updated: 2026-08-24 18:28 X_Freeware

Title

SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System BSIT2.php cross site scripting

Summary

A security vulnerability has been detected in SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /BSIT2.php. The manipulation of the argument course leads to cross site scripting. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-24 18:27 UTC

CWE

CWE-79 - Cross Site Scripting
CWE-94 - Code Injection

Assigner

VulDB mitre root

References

6 references

URL	Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/394296	vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/394296/cti	signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-78055	third-party-advisory
https://vuldb.com/submit/881430	third-party-advisory
https://github.com/i-QvQ-i/first-OvO/issues/11	exploitissue-tracking
https://www.sourcecodester.com/	product

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
SourceCodester	Class and Exam Timetabling System	Affected: 1.0 cpe:2.3:a:sourcecodester:class_and_exam_timetabling_system::::::::

Credits

i-OvO-i (VulDB User)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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  "containers": {
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        }
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CVE-2026-78054 (GCVE-0-2026-78054)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-23 00:30 – Updated: 2026-08-26 17:58 X_Freeware

Title

SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System BSIS1.php cross site scripting

Summary

A weakness has been identified in SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file /BSIS1.php. Executing a manipulation of the argument course can lead to cross site scripting. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-26 17:57 UTC

CWE

CWE-79 - Cross Site Scripting
CWE-94 - Code Injection

Assigner

VulDB mitre root

References

6 references

URL	Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/394295	vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/394295/cti	signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-78054	third-party-advisory
https://vuldb.com/submit/881417	third-party-advisory
https://github.com/i-QvQ-i/first-OvO/issues/10	exploitissue-tracking
https://www.sourcecodester.com/	product

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
SourceCodester	Class and Exam Timetabling System	Affected: 1.0 cpe:2.3:a:sourcecodester:class_and_exam_timetabling_system::::::::

Credits

i-OvO-i (VulDB User)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-77992 (GCVE-0-2026-77992)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-22 14:20 – Updated: 2026-08-24 13:08

Title

Joomla Extension - fabrikar.com - heredoc terminator breakout in the calc element in Fabrik < 4.7.2

Summary

Joomla Extension - fabrikar.com - heredoc terminator breakout in the calc element in Fabrik < 4.7.2 - The onUpdateComment endpoint did not perform any access checks.

Severity

9.5 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-24 12:40 UTC

CWE

CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Assigner

Joomla mitre root

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.fabrikar.com/	product

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
fabrikar.com	Fabrik extension for Joomla	Affected: 1.0.0-4.7.1

Credits

Phil Taylor, mysites.guru

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-77939 (GCVE-0-2026-77939)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-28 17:06 – Updated: 2026-08-29 11:47 X_Open Source

Title

Flextype CMS 1.0.0-dev RCE via POST /api/v1/query Endpoint

Summary

Flextype CMS through v1.0.0-dev contains an expression language injection vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers with a valid API token to read arbitrary files by passing unsanitized user-supplied input to the Symfony ExpressionLanguage engine via the POST /api/v1/query endpoint. Attackers can leverage exposed application objects including filesystem() and serializers() within the evaluation scope to read arbitrary server files and achieve conditional remote code execution if a PHP file can be placed on disk through a secondary vector.

Severity

7.1 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

6.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-28 20:21 UTC

CWE

CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine

Assigner

VulnCheck mitre root

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/flextype/flextype/issues/595	technical-descriptionexploitissue-tracking
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/flextype-cms…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
flextype	flextype	Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.0.0-dev (custom) Affected: 0 , ≤ aea4ead8c449ea5517ed53b6dcbd28b0a528ad9d (git)

Date Public

2026-08-28 00:00

Credits

Marxabo Keldibekova

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-77806 (GCVE-0-2026-77806)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-21 13:37 – Updated: 2026-08-21 17:43

Summary

SPIP before 4.4.21 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code, as exploited in the wild in August 2026. This is related to code injection via an X-Spip-Filtre HTTP request header that is mishandled by analyse_resultat_skel.

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-21 17:43 UTC

CWE

CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Assigner

mitre mitre root

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pu…
https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pu…
https://blog.spip.net/Mise-a-jour-critique-de-sec…
https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pu…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
SPIP	SPIP	Affected: 0 , < 4.4.21 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:spip:spip::::::::

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-77647 (GCVE-0-2026-77647)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-20 22:24 – Updated: 2026-08-21 20:08

Summary

SPIP before 4.4.20 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code, as exploited in the wild in August 2026. This is related to incorrect identification of <?php blocks, and var_export's mishandling of certain cases such as presence of a '<' character.

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-21 19:49 UTC

CWE

CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Assigner

mitre mitre root

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://blog.spip.net/Mise-a-jour-critique-de-sec…	vendor-advisory
https://lists.debian.org/debian-security-announce…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
SPIP	SPIP	Affected: 0 , < 4.4.20 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:spip:spip::::::::

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-77415 (GCVE-0-2026-77415)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-21 21:01 – Updated: 2026-08-25 16:55

Title

JSONata: Arbitrary Code Execution via crafted JSONata expressions

Summary

JSONata is a JSON query and transformation language. Prior to 1.8.8 and 2.2.1, crafted JSONata expressions could chain several object-integrity weaknesses to execute arbitrary code. The chain could overwrite $clone to mutate objects through evaluateTransformExpression, expose and deconstruct JSONata functions or lambdas through $merge.*, replace proc.arguments.forEach used by applyProcedure, and forge internal lambda state. These primitives allowed an attacker to reach prototype getters, prototype and constructor access, and process.getBuiltinModule with child_process, executing code with the privileges of the host process. This issue is fixed in versions 1.8.8 and 2.2.1.

Severity

9.3 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-25 16:53 UTC

CWE

CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

11 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/security/ad…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/799	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/800	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/802	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/47c0…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/4b21…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/59e2…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/f09d…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/f174…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/releases/ta…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/releases/ta…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
jsonata-js	jsonata	Affected: < 1.8.8 Affected: >= 2.0.0, < 2.2.1

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-77414 (GCVE-0-2026-77414)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-21 20:51 – Updated: 2026-08-26 17:42

Title

JSONata: Arbitrary Code Execution via crafted JSONata expressions

Summary

JSONata is a JSON query and transformation language. Prior to 1.8.8 and 2.2.1, the src/jsonata.js environment.lookup function used a bypassable hasOwnProperty check. Crafted expressions could use $hasOwnProperty, $spread, $string, prototype access, and $constructor to reach the object prototype and invoke process.getBuiltinModule with child_process, executing arbitrary code with the privileges of the host process. This issue is fixed in versions 1.8.8 and 2.2.1.

Severity

9.3 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-26 17:41 UTC

CWE

CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/security/ad…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/799	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/59e2…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/releases/ta…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/releases/ta…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
jsonata-js	jsonata	Affected: < 1.8.8 Affected: >= 2.0.0, < 2.2.1

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-77413 (GCVE-0-2026-77413)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-21 20:47 – Updated: 2026-08-24 19:42

Title

JSONata: Arbitrary Code Execution via crafted JSONata expressions

Summary

JSONata is a JSON query and transformation language. Prior to 1.8.8 and 2.2.0, the src/functions.js lookup function lacked an Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty check and allowed crafted expressions to access inherited prototype members. An attacker able to supply an expression could use inherited prototype setters and getters, constructor access, valueOf, and process.getBuiltinModule to reach the child_process module and execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the host process. This issue is fixed in versions 1.8.8 and 2.2.0.

Severity

9.3 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-24 19:42 UTC

CWE

CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

6 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/security/ad…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/794	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/4b21…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/4c5f…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/releases/ta…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/releases/ta…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
jsonata-js	jsonata	Affected: < 2.2.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/security/advisories/GHSA-8gq3-vp5j-2grp"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "jsonata",
          "vendor": "jsonata-js",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 2.2.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "JSONata is a JSON query and transformation language. Prior to 1.8.8 and 2.2.0, the src/functions.js lookup function lacked an Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty check and allowed crafted expressions to access inherited prototype members. An attacker able to supply an expression could use inherited prototype setters and getters, constructor access, valueOf, and process.getBuiltinModule to reach the child_process module and execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the host process. This issue is fixed in versions 1.8.8 and 2.2.0."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 9.3,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-94",
              "description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-21T20:47:08.457Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/security/advisories/GHSA-8gq3-vp5j-2grp",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/security/advisories/GHSA-8gq3-vp5j-2grp"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/794",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/pull/794"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/4b217d514376e30cba278941298d7ba97c4a6c6e",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/4b217d514376e30cba278941298d7ba97c4a6c6e"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/4c5f4adfb90a9b500889d50f90050ca68888b50d",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/4c5f4adfb90a9b500889d50f90050ca68888b50d"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/releases/tag/v1.8.8",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/releases/tag/v1.8.8"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/releases/tag/v2.2.0",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/releases/tag/v2.2.0"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-8gq3-vp5j-2grp",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "JSONata: Arbitrary Code Execution via crafted JSONata expressions"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-77413",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-21T20:47:08.457Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-20T19:55:27.024Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-24T19:42:37.844Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Mitigation

Architecture and Design

Strategy: Refactoring

Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.

Mitigation

Architecture and Design

Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.

Mitigation MIT-5

Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().

Mitigation

Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

Mitigation MIT-32

Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-32

Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Mitigation

Implementation

For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].

CAPEC-242: Code Injection

An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.

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