Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-22
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
13537 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-71557 (GCVE-0-2026-71557)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-07 16:41 – Updated: 2026-08-07 17:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
go-git: Malicious reference names may modify files outside the reference storage
Summary
go-git is an extensible git implementation library written in pure Go. Prior to 5.19.2 and 6.0.0-alpha.5, reference names are not sanitized before being used to construct on-disk paths under the reference storage directory, so a maliciously crafted reference name (for example containing directory-traversal sequences) can cause go-git to write files outside the intended reference storage directory. Versions 5.19.2 and 6.0.0-alpha.5 fix the issue.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/go-git/go-git/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/go-git/go-git/pull/2247 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/go-git/go-git/pull/2254 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/go-git/go-git/commit/4a0e66d55… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/go-git/go-git/commit/da9f7d8a0… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/go-git/go-git/releases/tag/v5.19.2 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/go-git/go-git/releases/tag/v6.… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-71476 (GCVE-0-2026-71476)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-06 20:07 – Updated: 2026-08-08 02:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Nx: Zip-Slip in the self-hosted remote cache
Summary
Nx is a monorepo solution for TypeScript and polyglot codebases. From version 20.8.0 until 22.7.7 and 23.0.2, the Nx self-hosted HTTP remote cache extracts downloaded cache artifacts without constraining where files are written. A malicious or on-path (MITM) remote cache server can return a crafted tar archive whose entries escape the cache directory and write to arbitrary locations on the machine running Nx, which can be escalated to remote code execution. Nx's default local cache and Nx Cloud are not affected; only workspaces configured to use a self-hosted remote cache are affected. This issue is fixed in versions 22.7.7 and 23.0.2.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nrwl/nx/security/advisories/GH… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nrwl/nx/pull/36116 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nrwl/nx/commit/2b20c2da39d263c… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nrwl/nx/commit/a82807621e4176e… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nrwl/nx/commit/ad296578fe980a4… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-71313 (GCVE-0-2026-71313)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 20:47 – Updated: 2026-08-06 14:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
rclone: Local Encoding Path Traversal
Summary
rclone is a command-line program to sync files and directories to and from different cloud storage providers. From v1.51.0 until v1.75.0, the local backend in backend/local/local.go relies on the configurable filename encoder to prevent remote filename data from becoming operating-system path syntax, so a local destination using Slash, None, Raw, or on Windows an encoding that preserves backslash can decode a standard-encoded fullwidth dot-dot component or native backslash form into an actual parent-directory component before filepath.Join resolves it outside the configured local root, allowing an attacker-controlled source object to create or overwrite files outside the selected destination directory as the rclone process. This issue is fixed in v1.75.0.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/rclone/rclone/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/rclone/rclone/commit/6a6971386… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/rclone/rclone/releases/tag/v1.75.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-71309 (GCVE-0-2026-71309)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 20:13 – Updated: 2026-08-06 13:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
rclone: Incomplete path validation allows backend root escape in serve restic
Summary
rclone is a command-line program to sync files and directories to and from different cloud storage providers. From 1.40.0 until 1.75.0, rclone serve restic does not correctly reject URL paths beginning with ../ in cmd/serve/restic/restic.go WithRemote, which accepts a leading parent path and passes it to GET, HEAD, POST, and DELETE handlers for configured backends including WebDAV, FTP, HTTP, Memory, and SFTP. An attacker who can access the REST endpoint may read, create, overwrite, or delete objects outside the path configured by the operator when the operator publishes a backend subdirectory and the backend credential can access parent or sibling objects. This issue is fixed in 1.75.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/rclone/rclone/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/rclone/rclone/commit/cc5a189f0… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/rclone/rclone/releases/tag/v1.75.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-71283 (GCVE-0-2026-71283)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 12:26 – Updated: 2026-08-05 15:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Fledge IoT Gateway Backup Restore Tar Path Traversal
Summary
Fledge's backup-restore upload handler, upload_backup() (python/fledge/services/core/api/backup_restore.py), calls tarfile.extractall(temp_path) on an admin-uploaded tar archive with no filter argument and no per-member path validation. A crafted tar archive containing member names with `../` path components extracts files outside the intended temporary directory, allowing arbitrary file writes anywhere on the filesystem reachable by the Fledge process. Requires the admin role (@has_permission("admin")).
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| fledge-iot | fledge |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.1.0
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2026-71279 (GCVE-0-2026-71279)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 12:26 – Updated: 2026-08-05 15:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Zigbee2MQTT External JS Extension Path Traversal Leading to Remote Code Execution
Summary
Zigbee2MQTT's ExternalJSExtension.getFilePath() (lib/extension/externalJS.ts) joins a `name` parameter received via an MQTT message (topic zigbee2mqtt/bridge/request/extension/save) into the extensions base path using path.join(basePath, name) with no sanitization. Because path.join() resolves `../` sequences, a name such as `../../tmp/evil.js` escapes the intended extensions directory. The extension handler only validates that the name ends in .js/.mjs/.cjs, writes the file, and then dynamically imports it via Node.js import(), achieving remote code execution. Requires the `enable_external_js` config option (off by default, but commonly enabled in legacy installs) and MQTT broker access, which is frequently unauthenticated in real deployments. The identical unsanitized getFilePath() is also used by the extension-removal handler, enabling arbitrary file deletion.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Koenkk | zigbee2mqtt |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.12.0
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2026-71269 (GCVE-0-2026-71269)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 12:26 – Updated: 2026-08-05 15:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Node-RED Library API Path Traversal Leading to Arbitrary File Read/Write
Summary
Node-RED's local-filesystem library storage module (getLibraryEntry() and saveLibraryEntry() in packages/node_modules/@node-red/runtime/lib/storage/localfilesystem/library.js), reachable via GET/POST /library/:lib/:type/*path, joins the user-supplied path parameter directly into the filesystem path via fspath.join(libDir, type, path) with no traversal sanitization, containment check, or path normalization/prefix verification. An authenticated user (including read-only-scoped tokens for the read path) can supply a path containing `../` sequences to read arbitrary files outside the library directory; a user with write access can write arbitrary files, enabling remote code execution via SSH authorized_keys or cron injection. This is a distinct, separately unpatched traversal from the previously fixed CVE-2021-21298 (Projects API).
Severity
7.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
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CVE-2026-71268 (GCVE-0-2026-71268)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 12:26 – Updated: 2026-08-05 15:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenPLC Runtime v3 Path Traversal in Structured Text FILE Directive Leading to Arbitrary File Write
Summary
OpenPLC Runtime v3's compile_program() function (webserver/openplc.py) parses `(*FILE:path content*)` directives from uploaded Structured Text (.st) program files and writes the referenced content to `os.path.join('./core', file_path)` with no validation that file_path stays within the ./core directory. A crafted .st file containing a directive such as `(*FILE:../../../etc/cron.d/x * * * * root <command>*)` writes attacker-controlled content to an arbitrary filesystem path, enabling remote code execution (e.g. via cron or SSH authorized_keys). A path-validation function, validate_file_path(), exists elsewhere in the codebase (webserver/credentials.py) but is never invoked from compile_program(), leaving the sink unprotected. OpenPLC additionally ships with hardcoded default credentials (openplc:openplc), lowering the practical bar for exploitation.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| thiagoralves | OpenPLC_v3 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
|
Credits
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CVE-2026-71215 (GCVE-0-2026-71215)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 06:59 – Updated: 2026-08-05 13:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
art-template: Path Traversal in Sub-Template Resolution via include()/extend()
Summary
art-template's sub-template resolution logic (src/compile/adapter/resolve-filename.js), used by both the include() and extend() template directives, resolves the target file path via path.resolve(root, filename) with no check afterward that the result remains inside root. Because path.resolve() discards root entirely when filename is an absolute path, and does not block '../' traversal sequences, and the resolved path is passed directly to fs.readFileSync() in loader.js with its contents compiled and rendered, an application that lets a sub-template name be influenced by external input (e.g. a query parameter passed into {{include page}}) allows an attacker to read arbitrary files on disk that the Node process can access.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Path Traversal
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/aui/art-template |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| art-template | art-template |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 4.13.4
(custom)
|
Credits
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CVE-2026-71209 (GCVE-0-2026-71209)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 06:59 – Updated: 2026-08-05 13:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
audiobookshelf: %2F Encoding Discrepancy Bypasses Cover/Image Auth Exemption Regex, Enabling Unauthenticated Path Traversal
Summary
audiobookshelf's authentication-exemption check (server/routers/Auth.js) matches unauthenticated-allowed GET routes against req.path via a regex requiring a literal /items/:id/cover or /authors/:id/image shape, where req.path retains %2F sequences URL-encoded. Express's router decodes the :id route parameter before handler code runs, so a %2F-encoded '../' sequence in :id (e.g. ..%2f..%2f..%2ftmp%2fpwned) passes the literal-path auth-exemption check while resolving to a real path-traversal payload once decoded. CacheManager.handleCoverCache then joins this decoded value into a cache file path and streams the result before any database-backed ownership check. This bypasses the fix applied for CVE-2025-25205 (which anchored the exemption regex and switched it to req.path) and results in unauthenticated arbitrary file read of any file matching the pattern *_<width>[x<height>].<ext> that the service account can read.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Path Traversal
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| advplyr | audiobookshelf |
Affected:
2.19.1 , ≤ 2.35.1
(custom)
|
Credits
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"url": "https://github.com/advplyr/audiobookshelf/security/advisories/GHSA-pg8v-5jcv-wrvw"
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"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
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"cna": {
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"product": "audiobookshelf",
"programFiles": [
"server/routers/Auth.js",
"server/managers/CacheManager.js"
],
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Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-20.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-21.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation
Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.