Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8265 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-61450 (GCVE-0-2026-61450)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-10 13:58 – Updated: 2026-07-10 15:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Grav before 2.0.2 Config Exfiltration via offsetGet Filter
Summary
Grav before 2.0.2 contains a Twig sandbox bypass that allows a page author (any admin.pages user, or anyone able to write to user/pages) to exfiltrate configuration secrets. Although the sandbox replaces the 'config' variable with a redacted facade and strips Config::get/toArray from the method allowlist, the raw container remains accessible via the allow-listed grav.offsetGet('config'), which returns the real Config object. Allow-listed object-dumping filters (json_encode, print_r, yaml_encode) then serialize that object at the PHP level without invoking the sandbox method gate, exposing the full config tree including plugin secrets such as SMTP credentials, API keys, and plugin DB credentials. This is an incomplete fix for GHSA-j274-39qw-32c9.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisori… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/grav-before-… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-06-25 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2026-61447 (GCVE-0-2026-61447)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-11 13:01 – Updated: 2026-07-13 15:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PraisonAI before 1.6.78 Remote Code Execution via CodeAgent
Summary
PraisonAI before 1.6.78 contains a remote code execution vulnerability in CodeAgent._execute_python() that executes LLM-generated Python code without AST validation, import restrictions, or sandbox enforcement. Attackers can influence LLM output through prompt injection to exfiltrate all environment secrets and execute arbitrary code on the host system.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/securi… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/praisonai-be… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MervinPraison | PraisonAI |
Affected:
0 , < 1.6.78
(semver)
Unaffected: 1.6.78 (semver) |
Date Public
2026-06-25 00:00
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CVE-2026-61446 (GCVE-0-2026-61446)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-15 11:25 – Updated: 2026-07-15 11:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PraisonAI before 1.6.78 Remote Code Execution via Plugin Auto-Discovery
Summary
PraisonAI (praisonaiagents) before 1.6.78 contains a remote code execution vulnerability in the plugin manager, which loads and executes arbitrary Python (.py) files from project-level and user-home .praisonai/plugins/ directories using importlib spec_from_file_location() and exec_module() without code signing, integrity verification, or sandboxing. An attacker who can write a malicious .py file to a plugin directory (for example via path traversal, a supply chain attack, or a compromised dependency) achieves arbitrary code execution when the plugin system initializes.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/securi… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/praisonai-be… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MervinPraison | PraisonAI |
Affected:
0 , < 1.6.78
(semver)
Unaffected: 1.6.78 (semver) |
Date Public
2026-06-25 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2026-61444 (GCVE-0-2026-61444)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-10 13:58 – Updated: 2026-07-10 20:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PraisonAI before 4.6.78 Code Injection via f-string
Summary
PraisonAI versions before 4.6.78 contain a code injection vulnerability in deploy/api.py where the agents_file parameter is directly interpolated into an f-string without sanitization. Attackers can inject arbitrary Python code that executes when the generated server code runs via subprocess.Popen().
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/securi… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/praisonai-be… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MervinPraison | PraisonAI |
Affected:
0 , < 4.6.78
(semver)
Unaffected: 4.6.78 (semver) |
Date Public
2026-06-25 00:00
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CVE-2026-61433 (GCVE-0-2026-61433)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-15 11:25 – Updated: 2026-07-15 11:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PraisonAI before 4.6.78 Code Injection via API deployment generator
Summary
PraisonAI before 4.6.78 fails to safely encode deployment configuration values when generating Python source code for API servers. Attackers can inject arbitrary Python expressions through the deploy.api.host and agents_file configuration parameters that execute when the generated server starts or handles requests.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/securi… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/commit… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/praisonai-be… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MervinPraison | PraisonAI |
Affected:
0 , < 4.6.78
(semver)
Unaffected: 4.6.78 (semver) |
Date Public
2026-06-25 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2026-59858 (GCVE-0-2026-59858)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-09 22:37 – Updated: 2026-07-14 03:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Vim: Arbitrary Code Execution via C Omni-Completion
Summary
Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Prior to 9.2.0735, the C omni-completion script in runtime/autoload/ccomplete.vim interpolates the typeref: or typename: extension field of a tags entry, without escaping, into a :vimgrep pattern that is run through :execute. Because :vimgrep honors the bar as a command separator, a crafted tag field can close the search pattern and append an arbitrary Ex command; opening a hostile .c file whose project tags file contains such an entry and invoking C omni-completion runs that command as the editing user. This issue is fixed in version 9.2.0735.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/vim/vim/security/advisories/GH… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/6b611b0d15603c5… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-59856 (GCVE-0-2026-59856)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-09 22:39 – Updated: 2026-07-14 03:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Vim: Arbitrary Code Execution via PHP Omni-Completion
Summary
Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Prior to 9.2.0736, the PHP omni-completion script in runtime/autoload/phpcomplete.vim interpolates a class or trait name, taken from the contents of the edited buffer, into a search() pattern that is run via win_execute() without escaping. A name containing a single quote can terminate the search() string argument early, and because the bar is honored as an Ex command separator, the remainder of the name is run as Ex commands; via the :! command this allows arbitrary operating-system command execution when a victim opens a crafted PHP file and invokes omni-completion. This issue is fixed in version 9.2.0736.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/vim/vim/security/advisories/GH… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/43afc581a37a357… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-59833 (GCVE-0-2026-59833)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-09 22:17 – Updated: 2026-07-10 14:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SiYuan: Stored XSS to RCE in SiYuan via a per-attribute URL-scheme sanitizer gap in Lute (form action / SVG xlink:href)
Summary
SiYuan is an open-source personal knowledge management system. Prior to 3.7.1, SiYuan renders note and package content to HTML through the Lute engine with sanitization enabled, but Lute's dangerous javascript scheme block does not check form action or SVG xlink:href attributes, allowing stored cross-site scripting in document export-preview and Bazaar package README render paths that can execute OS commands in the Electron desktop renderer. This issue is fixed in versions 3.7.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/siyuan-note/siyuan/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/siyuan-note/siyuan/commit/ebe2… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/siyuan-note/siyuan/releases/ta… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| siyuan-note | siyuan |
Affected:
< 3.7.1
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CVE-2026-59826 (GCVE-0-2026-59826)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-09 17:46 – Updated: 2026-07-10 03:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Metabase: Arbitrary Code Execution via Database Connection Detail Bypass
Summary
Metabase is an open-source business intelligence and embedded analytics tool. From 1.55.0 until 1.58.15.1, 1.59.12, 1.60.6.3, and 1.61.2, Metabase did not validate unsafe H2 connection properties on one database-creation code path, allowing an authenticated administrator to register a crafted H2 database connection and execute arbitrary Java code on the Metabase server. This issue is fixed in versions 1.58.15.1, 1.59.12, 1.60.6.3, and 1.61.2.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/metabase/metabase/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/metabase/metabase/commit/74032… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/metabase/metabase/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/metabase/metabase/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/metabase/metabase/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/metabase/metabase/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-59821 (GCVE-0-2026-59821)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 19:14 – Updated: 2026-07-09 14:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
LiteLLM: Custom Code Guardrails production endpoints bypass code safety checks
Summary
LiteLLM is a proxy server (AI Gateway) to call LLM APIs in OpenAI (or native) format. Prior to 1.82.0-stable, LiteLLM's Custom Code Guardrails production create and update paths did not apply the same sandboxing and validation used by the test endpoint, allowing a privileged user with access to create or update guardrails to submit custom Python code that executed in the LiteLLM proxy environment and could expose secrets available to the process. This issue is fixed in version 1.82.0-stable.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/BerriAI/litellm/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/BerriAI/litellm/commit/e50b448… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/BerriAI/litellm/releases/tag/v… | x_refsource_MISC |
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Testing
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Operation
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
Implementation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.