Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-470
AllowedUse of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product uses external input with reflection to select which classes or code to use, but it does not sufficiently prevent the input from selecting improper classes or code.
111 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-68455 (GCVE-0-2025-68455)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-05 21:59 – Updated: 2026-01-06 19:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Craft CMS vulnerable to potential authenticated Remote Code Execution via malicious attached Behavior
Summary
Craft is a platform for creating digital experiences. Versions 5.0.0-RC1 through 5.8.20 and 4.0.0-RC1 through 4.16.16 are vulnerable to potential authenticated Remote Code Execution via malicious attached Behavior. Note that attackers must have administrator access to the Craft Control Panel for this to work. Users should update to the patched versions (5.8.21 and 4.16.17) to mitigate the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms/commit/27f5588609… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms/commit/6e608a1a5b… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms/commit/ec43c497ed… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms/blob/5.x/CHANGELO… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-61925 (GCVE-0-2025-61925)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-10 19:34 – Updated: 2025-10-10 20:01
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Astro's `X-Forwarded-Host` is reflected with no validation
Summary
Astro is a web framework. Prior to version 5.14.2, Astro reflects the value in `X-Forwarded-Host` in output when using `Astro.url` without any validation. It is common for web servers such as nginx to route requests via the `Host` header, and forward on other request headers. As such as malicious request can be sent with both a `Host` header and an `X-Forwarded-Host` header where the values do not match and the `X-Forwarded-Host` header is malicious. Astro will then return the malicious value. This could result in any usages of the `Astro.url` value in code being manipulated by a request. For example if a user follows guidance and uses `Astro.url` for a canonical link the canonical link can be manipulated to another site. It is theoretically possible that the value could also be used as a login/registration or other form URL as well, resulting in potential redirecting of login credentials to a malicious party. As this is a per-request attack vector the surface area would only be to the malicious user until one considers that having a caching proxy is a common setup, in which case any page which is cached could persist the malicious value for subsequent users. Many other frameworks have an allowlist of domains to validate against, or do not have a case where the headers are reflected to avoid such issues. This could affect anyone using Astro in an on-demand/dynamic rendering mode behind a caching proxy. Version 5.14.2 contains a fix for the issue.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/Chisnet/minimal_dynamic_astro_server | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-53693 (GCVE-0-2025-53693)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-03 12:36 – Updated: 2025-09-03 13:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
HTML Cache Poisoning through Unsafe Reflections
Summary
Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection') vulnerability in Sitecore Sitecore Experience Manager (XM), Sitecore Experience Platform (XP) allows Cache Poisoning.This issue affects Sitecore Experience Manager (XM): from 9.0 through 9.3, from 10.0 through 10.4; Experience Platform (XP): from 9.0 through 9.3, from 10.0 through 10.4.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sitecore | Sitecore Experience Manager (XM) |
Affected:
9.0 , ≤ 9.3
(semver)
Affected: 10.0 , ≤ 10.4 (semver) |
|
| Sitecore | Experience Platform (XP) |
Affected:
9.0 , ≤ 9.3
(semver)
Affected: 10.0 , ≤ 10.4 (semver) |
Date Public
2025-09-03 11:00
Credits
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CVE-2025-34393 (GCVE-0-2025-34393)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-10 15:45 – Updated: 2026-05-14 02:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Barracuda RMM < 2025.1.1 Service Center Insecure Reflection RCE
Summary
Barracuda Service Center, as implemented in the RMM solution, in versions prior to 2025.1.1, does not correctly verify the name of an attacker-controlled WSDL service, leading to insecure reflection. This can result in remote code execution through either invocation of arbitrary methods or deserialization of untrusted types.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://download.mw-rmm.barracudamsp.com/PDF/2025… | vendor-advisorypatch |
| https://www.barracuda.com/products/msp/network-pr… | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/barracuda-rm… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Barracuda Networks | RMM |
Affected:
2025.1 , < 2025.1.1
(custom)
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-31119 (GCVE-0-2025-31119)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-03 19:11 – Updated: 2025-04-03 19:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CWE-470 in generator-jhipster-entity-audit when having Javers selected as Entity Audit Framework
Summary
generator-jhipster-entity-audit is a JHipster module to enable entity audit and audit log page. Prior to 5.9.1, generator-jhipster-entity-audit allows unsafe reflection when having Javers selected as Entity Audit Framework. If an attacker manages to place some malicious classes into the classpath and also has access to these REST interface for calling the mentioned REST endpoints, using these lines of code can lead to unintended remote code execution. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.9.1.
Severity
7.7 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/jhipster/generator-jhipster-en… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/jhipster/generator-jhipster-en… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| jhipster | generator-jhipster-entity-audit |
Affected:
< 5.9.1
|
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CVE-2025-12967 (GCVE-0-2025-12967)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-10 18:09 – Updated: 2026-02-26 17:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
An issue in AWS Wrappers for Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL may allow for privilege escalation to rds_superuser role. A low privilege authenticated user can create a crafted function that could be executed with permissions of other Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS) users.
We recommend customers upgrade to the following versions: AWS JDBC Wrapper to v2.6.5, AWS Go Wrapper to 2025-10-17, AWS NodeJS Wrapper to v2.0.1, AWS Python Wrapper to v1.4.0 and AWS PGSQL ODBC driver to v1.0.1
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
11 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletin… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/aws/aws-advanced-jdbc-wrapper/… | patch |
| https://github.com/aws/aws-advanced-go-wrapper/re… | patch |
| https://github.com/aws/aws-advanced-python-wrappe… | patch |
| https://github.com/aws/aws-pgsql-odbc/releases/ta… | patch |
| https://github.com/aws/aws-advanced-nodejs-wrappe… | patch |
| https://github.com/aws/aws-advanced-python-wrappe… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/aws/aws-advanced-jdbc-wrapper/… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/aws/aws-pgsql-odbc/security/ad… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/aws/aws-advanced-go-wrapper/se… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/aws/aws-advanced-nodejs-wrappe… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AWS | JDBC Wrapper |
Unaffected:
2.6.5
|
|
| AWS | Go Wrapper |
Unaffected:
2025-10-17
|
|
| AWS | NodeJS Wrapper |
Unaffected:
2.0.1
|
|
| AWS | Python Wrapper |
Unaffected:
1.4.0
|
|
| AWS | ODBC driver |
Affected:
1.0.1
|
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CVE-2025-2794 (GCVE-0-2025-2794)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-31 16:22 – Updated: 2025-11-19 12:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Kentico Xperience <= 13.0.180 Unsafe Reflection
Summary
An unsafe reflection vulnerability in Kentico Xperience allows an unauthenticated attacker to kill the current process, leading to a Denial-of-Service condition.
This issue affects Xperience: through 13.0.180.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://devnet.kentico.com/download/hotfixes | vendor-advisorypatch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/kentico-xper… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-53850 (GCVE-0-2024-53850)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-26 21:41 – Updated: 2024-12-27 16:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
The Addressing GLPI plugin allows data enumeration through uncontrolled object instantiation
Summary
The Addressing GLPI plugin enables you to create IP reports for visualize IP addresses used and free on a given network.. Starting with 3.0.0 and before 3.0.3, a poor security check allows an unauthenticated attacker to determine whether data exists (by name) in GLPI.
Severity
8.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pluginsGLPI/addressing/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/pluginsGLPI/addressing/commit/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| pluginsGLPI | addressing |
Affected:
>= 3.0.0 < 3.0.3
|
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CVE-2024-28121 (GCVE-0-2024-28121)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-12 19:44 – Updated: 2025-02-13 17:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Reflex arbitrary method call in stimulus_reflex
Summary
stimulus_reflex is a system to extend the capabilities of both Rails and Stimulus by intercepting user interactions and passing them to Rails over real-time websockets. In affected versions more methods than expected can be called on reflex instances. Being able to call some of them has security implications. To invoke a reflex a websocket message of the following shape is sent: `\"target\":\"[class_name]#[method_name]\",\"args\":[]`. The server will proceed to instantiate `reflex` using the provided `class_name` as long as it extends `StimulusReflex::Reflex`. It then attempts to call `method_name` on the instance with the provided arguments. This is problematic as `reflex.method method_name` can be more methods that those explicitly specified by the developer in their reflex class. A good example is the instance_variable_set method. This vulnerability has been patched in versions 3.4.2 and 3.5.0.rc4. Users unable to upgrade should: see the backing GHSA advisory for mitigation advice.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex… | x_refsource_MISC |
| http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Mar/16 |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| stimulusreflex | stimulus_reflex |
Affected:
>= 3.5.0.rc1, < 3.5.0.rc4
Affected: < 3.4.2 |
|
| stimulusreflex | stimulus_reflex |
Affected:
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(custom)
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CVE-2024-8048 (GCVE-0-2024-8048)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-09 14:18 – Updated: 2025-11-03 19:34
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Telerik Reporting Insecure Expression Evaluation
Summary
In Progress Telerik Reporting versions prior to 2024 Q3 (18.2.24.924), a code execution attack is possible using object injection via insecure expression evaluation.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Progress Software | Telerik Reporting |
Affected:
18.2.24.806 , < 18.2.24.924
(custom)
|
|
| progress_software | telerik_reporting |
Affected:
18.2.24.806 , < 18.2.24.924
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:progress_software:telerik_reporting:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Refactor your code to avoid using reflection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Do not use user-controlled inputs to select and load classes or code.
Mitigation
Implementation
Apply strict input validation by using allowlists or indirect selection to ensure that the user is only selecting allowable classes or code.
CAPEC-138: Reflection Injection
An adversary supplies a value to the target application which is then used by reflection methods to identify a class, method, or field. For example, in the Java programming language the reflection libraries permit an application to inspect, load, and invoke classes and their components by name. If an adversary can control the input into these methods including the name of the class/method/field or the parameters passed to methods, they can cause the targeted application to invoke incorrect methods, read random fields, or even to load and utilize malicious classes that the adversary created. This can lead to the application revealing sensitive information, returning incorrect results, or even having the adversary take control of the targeted application.