Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-367

Weakness Allowed

Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-362 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-362 · View CWE-1003
Modes of introduction
Implementation

This weakness can be security-relevant when an attacker can influence the state of the resource between check and use. This can happen with shared resources such as files, memory, or even variables in multithreaded programs.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Relationship

TOCTOU issues do not always involve symlinks, and not every symlink issue is a TOCTOU problem.

Research Gap

Non-symlink TOCTOU issues are not reported frequently, but they are likely to occur in code that attempts to be secure.

Content history
Submission: PLOVER · 2006-07-19 · CWE Draft 3
Modification: Eric Dalci · Cigital · 2008-07-01 · CWE 1.0

updated Time_of_Introduction

Modification: · KDM Analytics · 2008-08-01 · CWE 1.0

added/updated white box definitions

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Other_Notes, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description, Name, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-11-24 · CWE 1.1

updated Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-01-12 · CWE 1.2

updated Alternate_Terms, Observed_Examples, Other_Notes, References, Relationship_Notes, Relationships, Research_Gaps

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: KDM Analytics · 2009-07-17 · CWE 1.5

Improved the White_Box_Definition

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-07-27 · CWE 1.5

updated White_Box_Definitions

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-09-27 · CWE 1.10

updated Description, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-12-13 · CWE 1.11

updated Alternate_Terms, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-27 · CWE 2.0

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-09-13 · CWE 2.1

updated Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-10-30 · CWE 2.3

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Demonstrative_Examples, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Likelihood_of_Exploit, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings, White_Box_Definitions

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-04-28 · CWE 4.7

updated Demonstrative_Examples, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-06-28 · CWE 4.8

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-01-31 · CWE 4.10

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-04-03 · CWE 4.17

updated Affected_Resources, Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-09-09 · CWE 4.18

updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Modes_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Demonstrative_Examples

1468 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-123207 (GCVE-0-2026-123207)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-05 18:16 – Updated: 2026-11-05 18:16
VLAI
Title
LibreTV before v2.21.2 SSRF Protection Bypass via DNS Rebinding
Summary
LibreTV before v2.21.2 contains a server-side request forgery vulnerability that allows authenticated users to bypass checkUpstreamAllowed() by exploiting unpinned DNS resolution in fetchWithSafeRedirects(). Attackers controlling authoritative DNS can return public addresses during validation and internal addresses at connection time via /api/source/test, /api/proxy, /api/search or /api/detail to reach loopback services, private hosts or cloud metadata endpoints.
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7380 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
LibreSpark LibreTV Affected: 0 , < v2.21.2 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-19 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-123119 (GCVE-0-2026-123119)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-05 12:57 – Updated: 2026-11-05 19:03
VLAI
Title
Symfony: NoPrivateNetworkHttpClient Does Not Pin the Checked IP of Cached Hosts, Letting DNS Rebinding Enumerate Internal Ports (Incomplete Fix for CVE-2024-50342)
Summary
The Symfony HttpClient component NoPrivateNetworkHttpClient does not pin the checked IP address of cached hosts, allowing for DNS rebinding to bypass private network restrictions, resulting in enumeration of internal hosts and ports in Symfony versions prior to 5.4.56, 6.x prior to 6.4.50, 7.x prior to 7.4.23, and 8.x prior to 8.1.11. NoPrivateNetworkHttpClient resolves the host of each request and checks the IP before connecting. It caches the result per host, and passes the IP to the decorated client through the resolve option so that the client connects to the exact IP that was checked. The issue is that resolve was only passed on the first lookup of a host: on subsequent requests, the decorated client resolved the host again on its own. An attacker who controls a host's DNS can exploit this with DNS rebinding by answering the first lookup with a public IP, and subsequent lookups with a private IP, so when an application sends several requests to that host through the same client, the later requests connect to the private IP. This happens, for example, when an application fetches several URLs of a repository provided by a user. The check of the primary_ip in the on_progress callback still aborts the request before anything is sent, but the connection is made, and the error differs depending on whether the port is open or closed. This allows enumerating internal hosts and ports, as in CVE-2024-50342.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-05 14:13 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition
  • CWE-918 - Server-Side request forgery (SSRF)
Assigner
Checkmarx CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 88/100 over 18 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
sensiolabs symfony Affected: 0 , < 5.4.56 (git)
Affected: 6.0.0 , < 6.4.50 (git)
Affected: 7.0.0 , < 7.4.23 (git)
Affected: 8.0.0 , < 8.1.11 (git)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-122321 (GCVE-0-2026-122321)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-05 02:25 – Updated: 2026-11-05 02:25
VLAI
Title
Kyverno 1.18.0 before 1.19.2 verifyImages Cache Signature Verification Bypass
Summary
Kyverno 1.18.0 before 1.19.2 contains a signature verification bypass in verifyImages because cached verification results are keyed by the image reference string (such as a tag) rather than bound to the verified digest, so cache hits skip signature and attestation checks. An attacker who can submit workloads and move a registry tag can warm the cache with a signed image, repoint the tag, and have Kyverno admit the workload and use mutateDigest to pin the unverified digest.
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7380 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
kyverno kyverno Affected: 1.18.0 , < 1.19.2 (semver)
Unaffected: 1.19.2 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:kyverno:kyverno:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-21 00:00
Credits
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-119977 (GCVE-0-2026-119977)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-31 05:33 – Updated: 2026-11-04 04:56
VLAI
Title
WordPress Core 4.7.0 - 7.1.3 - Unauthenticated Upgrade-Window Staged-Installer Remote Code Execution
Summary
WordPress Core is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution in versions 4.7 through 7.1.3. This is due to predictable, web-accessible staging paths used during full-package core upgrades. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute code on the server during the upgrade window.
SSVC
Exploitation: active Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-03 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2406 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
WordPress Foundation WordPress Affected: 4.7.0 , ≤ 4.7.38 (semver)
Affected: 4.8.0 , ≤ 4.8.33 (semver)
Affected: 4.9.0 , ≤ 4.9.34 (semver)
Affected: 5.0.0 , ≤ 5.0.30 (semver)
Affected: 5.1.0 , ≤ 5.1.27 (semver)
Affected: 5.2.0 , ≤ 5.2.29 (semver)
Affected: 5.3.0 , ≤ 5.3.26 (semver)
Affected: 5.4.0 , ≤ 5.4.24 (semver)
Affected: 5.5.0 , ≤ 5.5.23 (semver)
Affected: 5.6.0 , ≤ 5.6.22 (semver)
Affected: 5.7.0 , ≤ 5.7.20 (semver)
Affected: 5.8.0 , ≤ 5.8.18 (semver)
Affected: 5.9.0 , ≤ 5.9.19 (semver)
Affected: 6.0.0 , ≤ 6.0.17 (semver)
Affected: 6.1.0 , ≤ 6.1.15 (semver)
Affected: 6.2.0 , ≤ 6.2.14 (semver)
Affected: 6.3.0 , ≤ 6.3.13 (semver)
Affected: 6.4.0 , ≤ 6.4.13 (semver)
Affected: 6.5.0 , ≤ 6.5.13 (semver)
Affected: 6.6.0 , ≤ 6.6.10 (semver)
Affected: 6.7.0 , ≤ 6.7.10 (semver)
Affected: 6.8.0 , ≤ 6.8.11 (semver)
Affected: 6.9.0 , ≤ 6.9.10 (semver)
Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.7 (semver)
Affected: 7.1.0 , ≤ 7.1.3 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-119552 (GCVE-0-2026-119552)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-30 11:31 – Updated: 2026-10-30 15:54
VLAI
Title
Uptime Kuma through 2.5.8 Race Condition Admin Creation via Setup Handler
Summary
Uptime Kuma through 2.5.8 contains a race condition in the Socket.IO first-run setup handler that allows unauthenticated attackers to create an additional administrator account. Attackers can send concurrent setup requests during the bcrypt hashing window to bypass the empty user table check, then modify monitors, API keys, and enable disableAuth.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-30 15:21 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7380 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
louislam uptime-kuma Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.5.8 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:uptime-kuma_project:uptime-kuma:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-29 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-119345 (GCVE-0-2026-119345)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-05 15:53 – Updated: 2026-11-05 20:40
VLAI
Title
Cocos AI Intra-handshake attested TLS implementation is vulnerable to TOCTOU Attacks
Summary
Cocos AI is a confidential computing system for AI. Prior to 0.9.0, Cocos AI performs attestation only once when an attested TLS connection is established. An attacker who can modify the attester's workload code, memory-backed state, configuration, or attached devices after that check can keep the existing connection open while the peer continues trusting stale initial Evidence. This gap is especially significant for long-lived connections because the verifier has no mechanism to detect the changed state. This issue is fixed in version 0.9.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-05 20:40 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 8026 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ultravioletrs cocos Affected: < 0.9.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-117603 (GCVE-0-2026-117603)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-27 13:09 – Updated: 2026-11-02 16:01
VLAI
Title
Electrum before 4.7.2 Nostr Wallet Connect Plugin Daily Spending Limit Bypass
Summary
Electrum before 4.7.2 contains a spending limit bypass vulnerability in the Nostr Wallet Connect plugin that allows malicious NWC clients to exceed daily_limit_sat by exploiting non-atomic budget checks and millisatoshi truncation. Attackers can send concurrent pay_invoice requests that pass budget_allows_spend() before add_to_budget() runs, or repeatedly pay msat amounts that are floored to whole satoshis, to drain funds beyond the limit.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 16:01 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7380 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
spesmilo electrum Affected: 0 , < 4.7.2 (semver)
Unaffected: 4.7.2 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:electrum:electrum:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-28 00:00
Credits
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-116250 (GCVE-0-2026-116250)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-30 19:55 – Updated: 2026-10-30 19:55
VLAI
Title
pgAdmin 4: Files opened in a storage directory follow a symbolic link, hard link or FIFO planted after the containment check
Summary
In server mode pgAdmin 4 validates a path a user gives for a file in their storage directory with check_access_permission() and then opened it by name. Several places opened it with a plain open() or handed the path to a utility that opened it later: the servers.json export and import and the import file listing, and the files given to pg_dump, pg_dumpall, pg_restore and psql by Backup, Restore and Import/Export Data. A symbolic link swapped in at the file or at any parent directory between the check and the open redirected the operation outside the storage directory, so a file could be written, overwritten or read, or loaded into a table, as the operating-system account running pgAdmin. A hard link to an outside file, which O_NOFOLLOW does not detect, and a FIFO, which could hang a request, had the same effect. CVE-2026-86861 fixed this for the File Manager's save_file; these were the remaining paths. Exploitation requires creating such a link or FIFO inside the user's storage directory. pgAdmin offers no way to do so, and the per-user storage directories belong to the pgAdmin account, so this requires write access to the storage backend as a different operating-system user, for example a shared or network-mounted storage directory, and winning the race. The fix opens each file by walking down from the storage directory one component at a time with O_NOFOLLOW, accepting only a regular file with one link, and passes the utilities the open descriptor (/dev/fd/N) on Linux. Error messages no longer include the server path. This issue affects pgAdmin 4: before 9.19.
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
  • CWE-59 - Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
Assigner
PostgreSQL CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard C 71/100 over 122 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
pgadmin.org pgAdmin 4 Affected: 0 , < 9.19 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-29 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-116240 (GCVE-0-2026-116240)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-30 19:55 – Updated: 2026-10-30 19:55
VLAI
Title
pgAdmin 4: File Manager and storage-path tools act on a different path from the one checked
Summary
In server mode pgAdmin 4 validates a path into the user's storage directory with check_access_permission(), which builds the absolute path with get_abs_path(). Several callers then acted on a path they built differently, so the path checked and the path used could name different files: - Opening a file in the Query Tool, the Google client secret and, on Windows, Import/Export Data, Backup, Restore and saving a file joined the path to the storage directory after stripping leading slashes and backslashes. On POSIX a path checked as a name inside storage could become an absolute path once stripped, so any file the pgAdmin account can read could be opened; on Windows a path naming a drive discarded the storage directory, so these could read, or write, outside it. - Listing a folder decoded the path a second time after the check, so a folder named like an encoded "..", which a user can create, listed any directory on the host. - Download, delete, rename and the file-exists check appended the path to the storage directory without a separator, so in a deployment where one user's storage directory name is a prefix of another's, another user's files could be read, deleted or moved; download also checked the path appended to itself. - Creating a folder could create one in another user's directory. The fix makes check_access_permission() return the path it checked and every caller act on that path, decodes folder paths once, and opens, deletes and renames files relative to directories opened from the storage directory without following symbolic links. Desktop mode is not affected. This issue affects pgAdmin 4: before 9.19.
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
PostgreSQL CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard C 71/100 over 122 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
pgadmin.org pgAdmin 4 Affected: 0 , < 9.19 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-29 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "Ashesh Vashi \u003cashesh.vashi@enterprisedb.com\u003e"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation reviewer",
          "value": "Hitesh Jambhale \u003chitesh.jambhale@enterprisedb.com\u003e"
        }
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      "datePublic": "2026-10-29T00:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In server mode pgAdmin 4 validates a path into the user\u0027s storage directory with check_access_permission(), which builds the absolute path with get_abs_path(). Several callers then acted on a path they built differently, so the path checked and the path used could name different files:\n\n- Opening a file in the Query Tool, the Google client secret and, on Windows, Import/Export Data, Backup, Restore and saving a file joined the path to the storage directory after stripping leading slashes and backslashes. On POSIX a path checked as a name inside storage could become an absolute path once stripped, so any file the pgAdmin account can read could be opened; on Windows a path naming a drive discarded the storage directory, so these could read, or write, outside it.\n- Listing a folder decoded the path a second time after the check, so a folder named like an encoded \"..\", which a user can create, listed any directory on the host.\n- Download, delete, rename and the file-exists check appended the path to the storage directory without a separator, so in a deployment where one user\u0027s storage directory name is a prefix of another\u0027s, another user\u0027s files could be read, deleted or moved; download also checked the path appended to itself.\n- Creating a folder could create one in another user\u0027s directory.\n\nThe fix makes check_access_permission() return the path it checked and every caller act on that path, decodes folder paths once, and opens, deletes and renames files relative to directories opened from the storage directory without following symbolic links. Desktop mode is not affected.\n\nThis issue affects pgAdmin 4: before 9.19."
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            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
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      "source": {
        "discovery": "INTERNAL"
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CVE-2026-115683 (GCVE-0-2026-115683)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-30 13:33 – Updated: 2026-11-02 11:33
VLAI
Title
epiphany: TLS certificate warning bypass via race in tlsErrorPage message handler
Summary
A race condition in Epiphany allows a malicious website to bypass the TLS/SSL certificate warning page. Epiphany registers the main-world script message handler "tlsErrorPage" so its internal TLS error page can implement "Accept Risk and Proceed". The handler was registered immediately before loading the error page, leaving a brief window where the previously loaded untrusted origin could still call window.webkit.messageHandlers.tlsErrorPage.postMessage(...). The only authorization check compares a numeric WebKit page id that increments predictably; an attacker can burst-guess ids and approve a certificate exception with no user click. If a victim visits malicious site A that redirects to site B with an invalid certificate, site A can, for a few milliseconds, disable TLS certificate error warnings for host B until Epiphany is restarted, enabling man-in-the-middle or site spoofing for that host. Upstream report: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/epiphany/-/work_items/2978 Proof of concept: https://beford.net/poc/ssl_poc.html Fix: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/epiphany/-/merge_requests/2245 (register handlers on LOAD_COMMITTED). No fixed release tagged yet; reporter and maintainer describe all current versions as affected. Maintainer notes the risky registration timing dates to commit 1da1caed (Epiphany 45.x era); before that the handlers were always registered and similarly reachable from web content.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-30 14:07 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
fedora CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard C 69/100 over 44 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
GNOME Epiphany Affected: 0 , < 51.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-21 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation
Implementation

The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.

Mitigation
Implementation

When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.

Mitigation
Implementation Architecture and Design

If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.

Mitigation
Implementation

Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.

Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.

CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links

This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.

CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions

This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.