Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-367

Allowed

Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.

1060 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-52885 (GCVE-0-2026-52885)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-26 20:19 – Updated: 2026-06-29 13:13
VLAI
Title
Notepad++ TOCTOU: HMAC Checks Disk, Executes from Memory
Summary
Notepad++ is a free and open-source source code editor. Prior to 8.9.6.4, NppCommands.cpp checks the HMAC of the on-disk shortcuts.xml at the moment a user command fires (Time-of-Check). However, the command payload is taken from the in-memory _userCommands vector, which is populated at application startup and never re-synchronized with the on-disk file (Time-of-Use). Swapping shortcuts.xml between startup and command execution causes the HMAC check to validate a clean file while a malicious command runs. An attacker with write access to shortcuts.xml places a malicious version on disk before launch, then immediately restores the legitimate file. The HMAC check at execution time validates the restored legitimate file (check passes), while the malicious payload executes from memory. This vulnerability is fixed in 8.9.6.4.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-50673 (GCVE-0-2026-50673)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 17:08 – Updated: 2026-07-15 11:07
VLAI
Title
Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Null pointer dereference in Windows Kernel allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-476 - NULL Pointer Dereference
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1607 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9339 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.9020 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.7548 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.7548 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.8875 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 Affected: 10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.8875 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 26H1 Affected: 10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.2525 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26226 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26226 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23291 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23291 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9339 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9339 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.9020 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.9020 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.5386 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.33158 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.33158 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-14 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-50658 (GCVE-0-2026-50658)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 17:08 – Updated: 2026-07-15 04:00
VLAI
Title
Microsoft Defender for Endpoint for Mac Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Microsoft Defender allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
Severity
7 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Microsoft Defender for Endpoint for Mac Affected: 101.0.0 , < 101.26042.0020 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-14 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-50631 (GCVE-0-2026-50631)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-12 08:59 – Updated: 2026-06-12 14:04
VLAI
Title
Apache CXF: OAuth2: TOCTOU Race Condition in Refresh Token Processing
Summary
A race condition in AbstractOAuthDataProvider allows concurrent requests using the same Refresh Token to bypass single-use semantics and generate multiple valid Access Tokens, when 'recycleRefreshTokens' is set to false. A leaked refresh token can be replayed concurrently by multiple attackers or threads. Users are recommended to upgrade to versions 4.2.2 or 4.1.7, which fixes this issue.
Severity
7.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache CXF Affected: 4.2.0 , < 4.2.2 (semver)
Affected: 0 , < 4.1.7 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Guanping Zhang reported this vulnerability.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-49958 (GCVE-0-2026-49958)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 16:35 – Updated: 2026-07-14 21:33 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
Hermes WebUI < 0.51.303 TOCTOU Race Condition via git_discard
Summary
Hermes WebUI before version 0.51.303 contains a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition vulnerability in the git_discard function within api/workspace_git.py that allows attackers to delete files outside the configured workspace boundary by replacing a validated path component with a symlink after validation but before deletion. Attackers can substitute a workspace-controlled path component with a symlink pointing to an external directory between the safe_resolve_ws() validation step and the subsequent Path.unlink() or shutil.rmtree() deletion call, causing the delete operation to follow the symlink and remove arbitrary files outside the workspace.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nesquena hermes-webui Affected: 0 , < 0.51.303 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-06 00:00
Credits
Chia Min Jun Lennon
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-48983 (GCVE-0-2026-48983)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-18 19:07 – Updated: 2026-06-22 12:41
VLAI
Title
pam_usb: TOCTOU race condition in pad directory creation allows symlink substitution
Summary
pam_usb provides hardware authentication for Linux using ordinary removable media. In versions prior to 0.9.2, a symlink race condition exists in per-device and per-user pad directory creation. pam_usb uses a check-then-act pattern: it calls lstat() to test for existence and then calls mkdir() separately to create the directory. A local attacker can win the race between these calls by replacing the target path with a symlink to a directory they control. If successful, one-time pad files may be written to an attacker-controlled location, potentially exposing future pad values before use or disrupting authentication. This issue has been fixed in version 0.9.2.
Severity
5.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
mcdope pam_usb Affected: < 0.9.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-48931 (GCVE-0-2026-48931)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 18:59 – Updated: 2026-07-03 00:32
VLAI
Summary
A flaw in Node.js HTTP Agent can cause a client to accept as valid a response that is send before the client has sent the request. This vulnerability affects all supported release lines: **Node.js 22**, **Node.js 24**, and **Node.js 26**.
Severity
3.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nodejs node Affected: 22.22.3 , ≤ 22.22.3 (semver)
Affected: 24.16.0 , ≤ 24.16.0 (semver)
Affected: 26.3.0 , ≤ 26.3.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-48344 (GCVE-0-2026-48344)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 20:21 – Updated: 2026-07-15 10:34
VLAI
Title
GoCart | Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition (CWE-367)
Summary
Creative Cloud Desktop is affected by a Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploit depends on conditions beyond the attacker's control. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction. Scope is changed.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition (CWE-367)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Adobe Creative Cloud Desktop Affected: 0 , ≤ 6.9.1.1 (custom)
Unaffected: 6.10.0.252.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-14 17:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-45647 (GCVE-0-2026-45647)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 17:05 – Updated: 2026-07-08 23:23
VLAI
Title
Microsoft Defender for Endpoint for Mac Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Microsoft Defender for Endpoint allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Microsoft Defender for Endpoint for Mac Affected: 101.0.0 , < 101.26042.0011 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-09 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-45619 (GCVE-0-2026-45619)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-29 13:11 – Updated: 2026-05-29 14:02
VLAI
Title
AVideo CVE-2026-43884 incomplete fix - `isSSRFSafeURL()` call sites still discard the `$resolvedIP` out-param at master HEAD post
Summary
WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. In 29.0 and earlier, EpgParser.php, plugin/AI/receiveAsync.json.php, and other locations do not use the $resolvedIP out-param of isSSRFSafeURL() for DNS pinning via CURLOPT_RESOLVE, opening DNS-rebinding TOCTOU.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
  • CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
WWBN AVideo Affected: <= 29.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "AVideo CVE-2026-43884 incomplete fix - `isSSRFSafeURL()` call sites still discard the `$resolvedIP` out-param at master HEAD post"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-45619",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-29T13:11:37.401Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-12T20:31:43.448Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-29T14:02:31.384Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Implementation

The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.

Mitigation
Implementation

When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.

Mitigation
Implementation Architecture and Design

If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.

Mitigation
Implementation

Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.

Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.

CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links

This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.

CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions

This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.

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