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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncrypto: xts - Handle EBUSY correctly\n\nAs it is xts only handles the special return value of EINPROGRESS,\nwhich means that in all other cases it will free data related to the\nrequest.\n\nHowever, as the caller of xts may specify MAY_BACKLOG, we also need\nto expect EBUSY and treat it in the same way.  Otherwise backlogged\nrequests will trigger a use-after-free."
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            "version": "3.1"
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              "value": "AV:L - The only practical trigger for the XTS ciphertext-stealing path with CRYPTO_TFM_REQ_MAY_BACKLOG is the local AF_ALG socket interface (crypto/algif_skcipher.c), reached via socket()/bind()/sendmsg()/recvmsg(); no in-kernel network consumer uses XTS with unaligned lengths.\nAC:L - The attacker controls every precondition: they choose the async XTS instantiation by name, choose a cryptlen that is not a multiple of 16 to force the CTS path, and saturate the child driver\u0027s backlog queue themselves (crypto_engine default depth is 10, cryptd is per-CPU and can be filled with pinned threads) so the tail request reliably returns -EBUSY.\nPR:L - Opening an AF_ALG socket and binding an arbitrary skcipher template name requires no capabilities, only an unprivileged local account on a kernel with CONFIG_CRYPTO_USER_API_SKCIPHER (standard on distro and Android kernels).\nUI:N - The attacker performs the entire sequence from their own process; no victim action or cooperation is needed.\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel heap memory within the same kernel security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - After the request is freed, xts_cts_done() dereferences rctx-\u003etail \u2014 a scatterlist pointer read from reclaimed, attacker-sprayable memory \u2014 and copies 16 bytes out of it, yielding a controlled kernel-memory read that can be used to disclose arbitrary kernel data.\nI:H - The same forged scatterlist is written back through scatterwalk_map_and_copy(), giving a controlled kernel write, and skcipher_request_complete() then calls req-\u003ebase.complete \u2014 a function pointer taken from freed memory \u2014 enabling control-flow hijack and full privilege escalation.\nA:H - Even without successful exploitation the double completion and use-after-free corrupt the crypto request and its owner\u0027s socket state, producing KASAN splats, oopses, or a kernel panic."
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        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/51c082514c2dedf2711c99d93c196cc4eedceb40"
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    "dateReserved": "2025-10-01T11:39:39.403Z",
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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nsctp: linearize cloned gso packets in sctp_rcv\n\nA cloned head skb still shares these frag skbs in fraglist with the\noriginal head skb. It\u0027s not safe to access these frag skbs.\n\nsyzbot reported two use-of-uninitialized-memory bugs caused by this:\n\n  BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in sctp_inq_pop+0x15b7/0x1920 net/sctp/inqueue.c:211\n   sctp_inq_pop+0x15b7/0x1920 net/sctp/inqueue.c:211\n   sctp_assoc_bh_rcv+0x1a7/0xc50 net/sctp/associola.c:998\n   sctp_inq_push+0x2ef/0x380 net/sctp/inqueue.c:88\n   sctp_backlog_rcv+0x397/0xdb0 net/sctp/input.c:331\n   sk_backlog_rcv+0x13b/0x420 include/net/sock.h:1122\n   __release_sock+0x1da/0x330 net/core/sock.c:3106\n   release_sock+0x6b/0x250 net/core/sock.c:3660\n   sctp_wait_for_connect+0x487/0x820 net/sctp/socket.c:9360\n   sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc+0x1ec1/0x1f00 net/sctp/socket.c:1885\n   sctp_sendmsg+0x32b9/0x4a80 net/sctp/socket.c:2031\n   inet_sendmsg+0x25a/0x280 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:851\n   sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:718 [inline]\n\nand\n\n  BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in sctp_assoc_bh_rcv+0x34e/0xbc0 net/sctp/associola.c:987\n   sctp_assoc_bh_rcv+0x34e/0xbc0 net/sctp/associola.c:987\n   sctp_inq_push+0x2a3/0x350 net/sctp/inqueue.c:88\n   sctp_backlog_rcv+0x3c7/0xda0 net/sctp/input.c:331\n   sk_backlog_rcv+0x142/0x420 include/net/sock.h:1148\n   __release_sock+0x1d3/0x330 net/core/sock.c:3213\n   release_sock+0x6b/0x270 net/core/sock.c:3767\n   sctp_wait_for_connect+0x458/0x820 net/sctp/socket.c:9367\n   sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc+0x223a/0x2260 net/sctp/socket.c:1886\n   sctp_sendmsg+0x3910/0x49f0 net/sctp/socket.c:2032\n   inet_sendmsg+0x269/0x2a0 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:851\n   sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:712 [inline]\n\nThis patch fixes it by linearizing cloned gso packets in sctp_rcv()."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable branch requires `skb_is_gso_sctp()`, and `SKB_GSO_SCTP` is set only by the local transmit path (`sk-\u003esk_gso_type` in net/sctp/socket.c:5042, applied in `sctp_packet_pack()`); net/sctp/offload.c registers no GRO handler and virtio/tun cannot carry an SCTP GSO type, so packets arriving from a real network are never `is_gso` and the attacker must originate the packet locally via `sendmsg()` on an SCTP socket looped back over `lo`/`veth`.\nAC:L - The attacker supplies every precondition: an SCTP socket sending more than PMTU to 127.0.0.1 to force the GSO cover-letter skb, and an AF_PACKET or raw socket to guarantee the clone via `dev_queue_xmit_nit()`, all repeatable in a loop; syzbot reproduced it independently twice.\nPR:L - No `capable()` check exists anywhere on the `sendmsg` \u2192 `sctp_packet_pack` \u2192 `sctp_rcv` \u2192 `sctp_inq_pop` path, the SCTP module autoloads on an unprivileged `socket(AF_INET, SOCK_SEQPACKET, IPPROTO_SCTP)`, and the CAP_NET_RAW needed for the cloning tap is obtainable by any local user with `unshare -Urn`.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the send, the clone setup, and the receive entirely from its own processes; no victim action or cooperation is involved.\nS:U - The out-of-bounds accesses and skb metadata corruption occur in kernel heap memory within the same kernel security authority, with no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - `sctp_inq_pop()` reads chunk headers past the frag skb\u0027s valid data (KMSAN uninit-value at inqueue.c:211), and the resulting attacker-influenced `chunk_end`/`datalen` drives `skb_trim()` in `sctp_ulpevent_make_rcvmsg()` on the clone queued for `recvmsg()`, while the co-owner of the shared frags (AF_PACKET/raw socket) reads them at pointers SCTP already advanced \u2014 both paths copy adjacent kernel heap out to userspace.\nI:H - SCTP mutates `data`, `len`, and `cb` of frag skbs concurrently owned by another subsystem, and `skb_pull(chunk-\u003eskb, sizeof(*ch))` on an already-consumed frag underflows `skb-\u003elen` to ~4 GB unchecked, leaving a corrupted length on a live skb while the full SCTP state machine executes on out-of-bounds bytes.\nA:H - The condition is a KASAN/KMSAN-reportable memory-safety violation whose ~4 GB `skb-\u003elen` underflow and out-of-range `skb_trim()` produce oops/panic in downstream copy and accounting paths, and any unprivileged local user can retrigger it in a loop."
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/510603f504796c3535f67f55fb0b124a303b44c8"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9c23a90648e831d611152ac08dbcd1283d405e7f"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2f8f173413f1cbf52660d04df92d0069c4306d25"
        }
      ],
      "title": "x86/vmscape: Add conditional IBPB mitigation",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-40300",
    "datePublished": "2025-09-11T16:49:24.809Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.185Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-08T08:42:58.519Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}