Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Type: Write
- Resource-Type: Memory Buffer
- Resource-Property: Out-of-bounds
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities. However, closer examination is required.
While this CWE is allowed for mapping, it has more specific children that might be a better fit. Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is appropriate. Consider the root cause errors that have led to the out-of-bounds write by examining "CanFollow" relationships for this entry.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Implementation
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
This weakness can often be detected using automated static analysis tools. Many modern tools use data flow analysis or constraint-based techniques to minimize the number of false positives.
Automated static analysis generally does not account for environmental considerations when reporting out-of-bounds memory operations. This can make it difficult for users to determine which warnings should be investigated first. For example, an analysis tool might report buffer overflows that originate from command line arguments in a program that is not expected to run with setuid or other special privileges.
Effectiveness: High
Detection techniques for buffer-related errors are more mature than for most other weakness types.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
This weakness can be detected using dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the software using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The software's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Use tools that are integrated during compilation to insert runtime error-checking mechanisms related to memory safety errors, such as AddressSanitizer (ASan) for C/C++ [REF-1518].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Crafted inputs are necessary to reach the code containing the error, such as generated by fuzzers. Also, these tools may reduce performance, and they only report the error condition - not the original mistake that led to the error.
Content history
Submission: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-10-21
· CWE 1.6
Contribution: "Mapping CWE to 62443" Sub-Working Group
· CWE-CAPEC ICS/OT SIG
· 2023-04-25
· CWE 4.11
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Contribution: Abhi Balakrishnan
· 2024-02-29
· CWE 4.15
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-02-16
· CWE 1.8
updated Demonstrative_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-09-27
· CWE 1.10
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-06-01
· CWE 1.13
updated Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2014-06-23
· CWE 2.7
updated Demonstrative_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2015-12-07
· CWE 2.9
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2018-03-27
· CWE 3.1
updated Description
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-09-19
· CWE 3.4
updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Detection_Factors, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-02-24
· CWE 4.0
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-06-25
· CWE 4.1
updated Observed_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-08-20
· CWE 4.2
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-12-10
· CWE 4.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-03-15
· CWE 4.4
updated Demonstrative_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-07-20
· CWE 4.5
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2022-06-28
· CWE 4.8
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2022-10-13
· CWE 4.9
updated Applicable_Platforms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-01-31
· CWE 4.10
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Description
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-04-27
· CWE 4.11
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-06-29
· CWE 4.12
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-02-29
· CWE 4.14
updated Demonstrative_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-07-16
· CWE 4.15
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-11-19
· CWE 4.16
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-04-03
· CWE 4.17
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-09-09
· CWE 4.18
updated Affected_Resources, Functional_Areas, References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-12-11
· CWE 4.19
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, References, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-04-30
· CWE 4.20
updated Mapping_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-10-28
· CWE 5.0
updated Dimensions, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
16920 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-125742 (GCVE-0-2026-125742)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-10 12:00 – Updated: 2026-11-10 12:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
7-Zip before 26.06 Heap Out-of-Bounds Write via LZX Decoder in CAB Extraction
Summary
7-Zip before 26.06 contains a heap out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the LZX decoder that lets attackers corrupt memory when a continuation CAB volume declares a smaller window. Attackers can entice victims to extract crafted multi-volume CAB archives, where a stale _pos value bypasses bounds checks, enabling arbitrary code execution.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ip7z/7zip/commit/d3296e39e1f1f… | patch |
| https://github.com/ip7z/7zip/releases/tag/26.06 | release-notes |
| https://github.com/ip7z/7zip/blob/26.05/CPP/7zip/… | product |
| https://potion-brew.pages.dev/posts/7zip-cab-lzx-… | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/7-zip-before… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-11-10 00:00
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CVE-2026-125709 (GCVE-0-2026-125709)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-10 11:23 – Updated: 2026-11-10 11:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Libstdc++: overflow leaves streambuf in inconsistent state on i/o error.
Summary
A flaw was found in libstdc++. When a byte-by-byte write operation fails during file stream processing, the library may still append data into the internal memory buffer. An attacker capable of inducing repeated write failures in an affected service can trigger a buffer overflow, potentially resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS) or memory corruption.
Severity
4.2 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-125709 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2569390 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
8 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:10
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_els:6
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 |
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_els:7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 5 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:5
|
Date Public
2024-12-17 22:41
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CVE-2026-125707 (GCVE-0-2026-125707)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-10 11:23 – Updated: 2026-11-10 15:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Gst-plugins-bad: gst-plugins-bad: off-by-one write in mxf demuxer temporal offset table
Summary
A flaw was found in GStreamer's MXF demuxer. When an application processes a crafted MXF file, an off-by-one bounds check can allow a one-byte write past the logical end of a temporal offset array. This may corrupt memory and cause the application to crash. The extent of the impact has not been demonstrated by a runtime test.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-10 15:19 UTC
CWE
- CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-125707 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2569127 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/security/sa-202… |
Impacted products
6 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:10
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_els:6
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 |
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_els:7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9
|
|
| GStreamer | gst-plugins-bad |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 1.28.3
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-05-11 00:00
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CVE-2026-125262 (GCVE-0-2026-125262)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-09 19:12 – Updated: 2026-11-09 19:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FFmpeg through 9.0.2 Heap Buffer Overflow via LCEVC Enhancement Decoding
Summary
FFmpeg through 9.0.2 contains a heap buffer overflow vulnerability in libavcodec/lcevcdec.c because LCEVC output picture dimensions are not validated against the allocated frame. Attackers can embed crafted LCEVC enhancement data with differing global configurations in H.264 or HEVC streams to corrupt heap memory in decoding applications.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/pulls/25067 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/commit/fd6dfa613… | patch |
| https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/n9.0.2/liba… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ffmpeg-throu… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-10-14 00:00
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CVE-2026-125256 (GCVE-0-2026-125256)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-09 19:12 – Updated: 2026-11-09 19:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FFmpeg through 9.0.2 Heap Buffer Overflow via RISC-V Vector diff_bytes Routine
Summary
FFmpeg through 9.0.2 contains a heap buffer overflow vulnerability in ff_llvidenc_diff_bytes_rvv() that allows attackers to corrupt heap memory by triggering negative length values in the Huffyuv encoder. Attackers can supply RGB video narrower than 8 or 16 pixels for huffyuv transcoding on RVV-enabled RISC-V builds, causing writes past the encoder's temp buffer.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/pulls/25573 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/commit/1f7bdea65… | patch |
| https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/n9.0.2/liba… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ffmpeg-throu… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-10-29 00:00
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CVE-2026-125244 (GCVE-0-2026-125244)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-09 19:11 – Updated: 2026-11-09 19:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FFmpeg before 8.1.3 and 9.x before 9.0.2 VVC Decoder Out-of-Bounds Write via sh_entry_points
Summary
FFmpeg before 8.1.3 and 9.x before 9.0.2 contains an out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the VVC decoder's sh_entry_points() function in libavcodec/vvc/ps.c. Attackers can supply a crafted VVC (H.266) bitstream whose SPS/PPS tile and WPP layout produces excess entry points, overflowing entry_point_start_ctu and corrupting decoder memory.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/pulls/24537 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/commit/a809a784e… | patch |
| https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/n9.0.1/liba… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ffmpeg-befor… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-09-16 00:00
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CVE-2026-125241 (GCVE-0-2026-125241)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-09 19:11 – Updated: 2026-11-09 19:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FFmpeg through 9.0.2 Heap Buffer Overflow via FLIC Decoder check_pixel_ptr
Summary
FFmpeg through 9.0.2 contains a heap buffer overflow vulnerability in libavcodec/flicvideo.c that allows attackers to write out of bounds because check_pixel_ptr() checks only one bound with negative-stride frames. Attackers can supply a crafted FLIC file whose RLE and delta chunks write pixel data past frame storage, corrupting heap memory to crash applications or possibly execute code.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/pulls/25702 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/commit/27f612b30… | patch |
| https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/n9.0.2/liba… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ffmpeg-throu… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-11-03 00:00
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CVE-2026-125239 (GCVE-0-2026-125239)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-09 19:11 – Updated: 2026-11-09 19:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FFmpeg through 9.0.2 Heap Buffer Overflow via HEVC DXVA Tile Parameters
Summary
FFmpeg through 9.0.2 contains a heap buffer overflow vulnerability in ff_dxva2_hevc_fill_picture_parameters() that allows attackers to corrupt memory via unbounded non-uniform tile counts. Attackers can supply crafted HEVC bitstreams with many non-uniformly spaced tiles to write controlled 16-bit values past fixed-size DXVA arrays during DXVA2, D3D11VA, or D3D12VA decoding on Windows.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/pulls/25136 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/n9.0.2/liba… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ffmpeg-throu… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-10-17 00:00
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CVE-2026-125229 (GCVE-0-2026-125229)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-09 19:11 – Updated: 2026-11-09 19:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FFmpeg through 9.0.2 Out-of-Bounds Memory Access in Huffyuv/FFVHUFF Median Predictor
Summary
FFmpeg through 9.0.2 contains an out-of-bounds memory access vulnerability in the encode_frame() function of libavcodec/huffyuvenc.c, because encode_init() never validates minimum frame dimensions for the median predictor. Attackers can supply a tiny video, such as a 2-pixel-wide or 1-2-pixel-tall frame, that causes negative sub_median_pred lengths and out-of-bounds reads and writes when transcoded to huffyuv or ffvhuff, crashing the encoder.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/pulls/25573 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/commit/45f98d081… | patch |
| https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/n9.0.2/liba… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ffmpeg-throu… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-10-29 00:00
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CVE-2026-125219 (GCVE-0-2026-125219)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-09 19:11 – Updated: 2026-11-09 19:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FFmpeg through 9.0.2 Heap Buffer Overflow via HEVC VDPAU Tile Arrays
Summary
FFmpeg through 9.0.2 contains a heap buffer overflow vulnerability in vdpau_hevc_start_frame() in libavcodec/vdpau_hevc.c that copies unbounded PPS tile counts into fixed-size VDPAU arrays. Attackers can supply crafted HEVC bitstreams with excessive tile columns or rows to write controlled 16-bit values past heap-allocated hwaccel data, corrupting memory in applications using VDPAU decoding.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/pulls/25136 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/n9.0.2/liba… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ffmpeg-throu… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-10-17 00:00
{
"containers": {
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageURL": "pkg:github/ffmpeg/ffmpeg",
"product": "FFmpeg",
"repo": "https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg",
"vendor": "FFmpeg",
"versions": [
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"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
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"cpeApplicability": [
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"vulnerable": true
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"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
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"credits": [
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"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Joshua Rogers (AISLE Research)"
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{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "Michael Niedermayer"
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"datePublic": "2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
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"lang": "en",
"value": "FFmpeg through 9.0.2 contains a heap buffer overflow vulnerability in vdpau_hevc_start_frame() in libavcodec/vdpau_hevc.c that copies unbounded PPS tile counts into fixed-size VDPAU arrays. Attackers can supply crafted HEVC bitstreams with excessive tile columns or rows to write controlled 16-bit values past heap-allocated hwaccel data, corrupting memory in applications using VDPAU decoding."
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"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"baseScore": 7.3,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
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"problemTypes": [
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"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-787",
"description": "Out-of-bounds Write",
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"orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
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"references": [
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"tags": [
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"url": "https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/pulls/25136"
},
{
"tags": [
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"url": "https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/n9.0.2/libavcodec/vdpau_hevc.c#L163"
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{
"tags": [
"product"
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"url": "https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg"
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{
"name": "VulnCheck Advisory: FFmpeg through 9.0.2 Heap Buffer Overflow via HEVC VDPAU Tile Arrays",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
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"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ffmpeg-through-9.0.2-heap-buffer-overflow-via-hevc-vdpau-tile-arrays"
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],
"title": "FFmpeg through 9.0.2 Heap Buffer Overflow via HEVC VDPAU Tile Arrays",
"x_generator": {
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"cveMetadata": {
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"cveId": "CVE-2026-125219",
"datePublished": "2026-11-09T19:11:33.810Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-11-09T18:15:18.766Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-11-09T19:11:33.810Z",
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Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.