Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-95
AllowedImproper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete
The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes code syntax before using the input in a dynamic evaluation call (e.g. "eval").
262 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2024-45846 (GCVE-0-2024-45846)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-12 12:56 – Updated: 2024-09-12 14:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
An arbitrary code execution vulnerability exists in versions 23.10.3.0 up to 24.7.4.1 of the MindsDB platform, when the Weaviate integration is installed on the server. If a specially crafted ‘SELECT WHERE’ clause containing Python code is run against a database created with the Weaviate engine, the code will be passed to an eval function and executed on the server.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-43404 (GCVE-0-2024-43404)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-20 14:55 – Updated: 2024-08-20 20:29
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in MEGABOT
Summary
MEGABOT is a fully customized Discord bot for learning and fun. The `/math` command and functionality of MEGABOT versions < 1.5.0 contains a remote code execution vulnerability due to a Python `eval()`. The vulnerability allows an attacker to inject Python code into the `expression` parameter when using `/math` in any Discord channel. This vulnerability impacts any discord guild utilizing MEGABOT. This vulnerability was fixed in release version 1.5.0.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/NicPWNs/MEGABOT/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/NicPWNs/MEGABOT/issues/137 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/NicPWNs/MEGABOT/pull/138 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/NicPWNs/MEGABOT/commit/71e79e5… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/NicPWNs/MEGABOT/releases/tag/v1.5.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-41921 (GCVE-0-2024-41921)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-17 19:13 – Updated: 2025-07-18 08:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unsafe use of eval() method in rostopic echo tool
Summary
A code injection vulnerability has been discovered in the Robot Operating System (ROS) 'rostopic' command-line tool, affecting ROS distributions Noetic Ninjemys and earlier. The vulnerability lies in the 'echo' verb, which allows a user to introspect a ROS topic and accepts a user-provided Python expression via the --filter option. This input is passed directly to the eval() function without sanitization, allowing a local user to craft and execute arbitrary code.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ros.org/blog/noetic-eol/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Open Source Robotics Foundation | Robot Operating System (ROS) |
Affected:
Noetic Ninjemys
Affected: Melodic Morenia Affected: Kinetic Kame Affected: Indigo Igloo |
Credits
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CVE-2024-41148 (GCVE-0-2024-41148)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-17 19:12 – Updated: 2025-07-18 08:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unsafe use of eval() method in rostopic hz tool
Summary
A code injection vulnerability has been discovered in the Robot Operating System (ROS) 'rostopic' command-line tool, affecting ROS distributions Noetic Ninjemys and earlier. The vulnerability lies in the 'hz' verb, which reports the publishing rate of a topic and accepts a user-provided Python expression via the --filter option. This input is passed directly to the eval() function without sanitization, allowing a local user to craft and execute arbitrary code.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ros.org/blog/noetic-eol/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Open Source Robotics Foundation | Robot Operating System (ROS) |
Affected:
Noetic Ninjemys
Affected: Melodic Morenia Affected: Kinetic Kame Affected: Indigo Igloo |
Credits
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CVE-2024-39835 (GCVE-0-2024-39835)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-17 19:12 – Updated: 2025-07-18 08:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unsafe use of eval() method in roslaunch tool
Summary
A code injection vulnerability has been identified in the Robot Operating System (ROS) 'roslaunch' command-line tool, affecting ROS distributions Noetic Ninjemys and earlier. The vulnerability arises from the use of the eval() method to process user-supplied, unsanitized parameter values within the substitution args mechanism, which roslaunch evaluates before launching a node. This flaw allows attackers to craft and execute arbitrary Python code.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ros.org/blog/noetic-eol/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Open Source Robotics Foundation | Robot Operating System (ROS) |
Affected:
Noetic Ninjemys
Affected: Melodic Morenia Affected: Kinetic Kame Affected: Indigo Igloo |
Credits
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CVE-2024-39289 (GCVE-0-2024-39289)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-17 19:11 – Updated: 2025-07-18 08:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unsafe use of eval() method in rosparam tool
Summary
A code execution vulnerability has been discovered in the Robot Operating System (ROS) 'rosparam' tool, affecting ROS distributions Noetic Ninjemys and earlier. The vulnerability stems from the use of the eval() function to process unsanitized, user-supplied parameter values via special converters for angle representations in radians. This flaw allowed attackers to craft and execute arbitrary Python code.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ros.org/blog/noetic-eol/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Open Source Robotics Foundation | Robot Operating System (ROS) |
Affected:
Noetic Ninjemys
Affected: Melodic Morenia Affected: Kinetic Kame Affected: Indigo Igloo |
Credits
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CVE-2024-37901 (GCVE-0-2024-37901)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-31 15:19 – Updated: 2024-08-13 13:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
XWiki Platform vulnerable to remote code execution from account via SearchSuggestConfigSheet
Summary
XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. Any user with edit right on any page can perform arbitrary remote code execution by adding instances of `XWiki.SearchSuggestConfig` and `XWiki.SearchSuggestSourceClass` to their user profile or any other page. This compromises the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the whole XWiki installation. This vulnerability has been patched in XWiki 14.10.21, 15.5.5 and 15.10.2.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/0b… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/74… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/9c… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/bb… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21473 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| xwiki | xwiki-platform |
Affected:
>= 15.6-rc-1, < 15.10.2
Affected: >= 15.0-rc-1, < 15.5.5 Affected: >= 9.2-rc-1, < 14.10.21 |
|
| xwiki | xwiki |
Affected:
15.6-rc-1 , < 15.10.2
(custom)
Affected: 15.0-rc-1 , < 15.5.5 (custom) Affected: 9.2-rc-1 , < 14.10.21 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:xwiki:xwiki:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-36404 (GCVE-0-2024-36404)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-02 13:39 – Updated: 2024-08-02 03:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
GeoTools Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in evaluating XPath expressions
Summary
GeoTools is an open source Java library that provides tools for geospatial data. Prior to versions 31.2, 30.4, and 29.6, Remote Code Execution (RCE) is possible if an application uses certain GeoTools functionality to evaluate XPath expressions supplied by user input. Versions 31.2, 30.4, and 29.6 contain a fix for this issue. As a workaround, GeoTools can operate with reduced functionality by removing the `gt-complex` jar from one's application. As an example of the impact, application schema `datastore` would not function without the ability to use XPath expressions to query complex content. Alternatively, one may utilize a drop-in replacement GeoTools jar from SourceForge for versions 31.1, 30.3, 30.2, 29.2, 28.2, 27.5, 27.4, 26.7, 26.4, 25.2, and 24.0. These jars are for download only and are not available from maven central, intended to quickly provide a fix to affected applications.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Assigner
References
16 references
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| geotools | geotools |
Affected:
< 29.6
Affected: >= 30.0, < 30.4 Affected: >= 31.0, < 31.2 |
|
| geotools | geotools |
Affected:
0 , < 29.6
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:geotools:geotools:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| geotools | geotools |
Affected:
30.0 , < 30.4
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:geotools:geotools:30.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| geotools | geotools |
Affected:
31.0 , < 31.2
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:geotools:geotools:31.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-36401 (GCVE-0-2024-36401)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-01 15:25 – Updated: 2025-10-21 22:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in evaluating property name expressions in Geoserver
Summary
GeoServer is an open source server that allows users to share and edit geospatial data. Prior to versions 2.22.6, 2.23.6, 2.24.4, and 2.25.2, multiple OGC request parameters allow Remote Code Execution (RCE) by unauthenticated users through specially crafted input against a default GeoServer installation due to unsafely evaluating property names as XPath expressions.
The GeoTools library API that GeoServer calls evaluates property/attribute names for feature types in a way that unsafely passes them to the commons-jxpath library which can execute arbitrary code when evaluating XPath expressions. This XPath evaluation is intended to be used only by complex feature types (i.e., Application Schema data stores) but is incorrectly being applied to simple feature types as well which makes this vulnerability apply to **ALL** GeoServer instances. No public PoC is provided but this vulnerability has been confirmed to be exploitable through WFS GetFeature, WFS GetPropertyValue, WMS GetMap, WMS GetFeatureInfo, WMS GetLegendGraphic and WPS Execute requests. This vulnerability can lead to executing arbitrary code.
Versions 2.22.6, 2.23.6, 2.24.4, and 2.25.2 contain a patch for the issue. A workaround exists by removing the `gt-complex-x.y.jar` file from the GeoServer where `x.y` is the GeoTools version (e.g., `gt-complex-31.1.jar` if running GeoServer 2.25.1). This will remove the vulnerable code from GeoServer but may break some GeoServer functionality or prevent GeoServer from deploying if the gt-complex module is needed.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/geoserver/geoserver/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/geotools/geotools/security/adv… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/geotools/geotools/pull/4797 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/Warxim/CVE-2022-41852?tab=read… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://osgeo-org.atlassian.net/browse/GEOT-7587 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilit… | government-resource |
| https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/geoserver-… |
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| geoserver | geoserver |
Affected:
>= 2.23.0, < 2.23.6
Affected: >= 2.24.0, < 2.24.4 Affected: >= 2.25.0, < 2.25.2 Affected: < 2.22.6 |
|
| geoserver | geoserver |
Affected:
0 , < 2.23.6
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:geoserver:geoserver:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| geoserver | geoserver |
Affected:
2.24.0 , < 2.24.4
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:geoserver:geoserver:2.24.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| geoserver | geoserver |
Affected:
2.25.0 , < 2.25.2
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:geoserver:geoserver:2.25.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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"value": "GeoServer is an open source server that allows users to share and edit geospatial data. Prior to versions 2.22.6, 2.23.6, 2.24.4, and 2.25.2, multiple OGC request parameters allow Remote Code Execution (RCE) by unauthenticated users through specially crafted input against a default GeoServer installation due to unsafely evaluating property names as XPath expressions.\n\nThe GeoTools library API that GeoServer calls evaluates property/attribute names for feature types in a way that unsafely passes them to the commons-jxpath library which can execute arbitrary code when evaluating XPath expressions. This XPath evaluation is intended to be used only by complex feature types (i.e., Application Schema data stores) but is incorrectly being applied to simple feature types as well which makes this vulnerability apply to **ALL** GeoServer instances. No public PoC is provided but this vulnerability has been confirmed to be exploitable through WFS GetFeature, WFS GetPropertyValue, WMS GetMap, WMS GetFeatureInfo, WMS GetLegendGraphic and WPS Execute requests. This vulnerability can lead to executing arbitrary code.\n\nVersions 2.22.6, 2.23.6, 2.24.4, and 2.25.2 contain a patch for the issue. A workaround exists by removing the `gt-complex-x.y.jar` file from the GeoServer where `x.y` is the GeoTools version (e.g., `gt-complex-31.1.jar` if running GeoServer 2.25.1). This will remove the vulnerable code from GeoServer but may break some GeoServer functionality or prevent GeoServer from deploying if the gt-complex module is needed."
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CVE-2024-32649 (GCVE-0-2024-32649)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-25 17:53 – Updated: 2024-08-02 02:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
vyper performs double eval of the argument of sqrt
Summary
Vyper is a pythonic Smart Contract Language for the Ethereum virtual machine. In versions 0.3.10 and prior, using the `sqrt` builtin can result in double eval vulnerability when the argument has side-effects. It can be seen that the `build_IR` function of the `sqrt` builtin doesn't cache the argument to the stack. As such, it can be evaluated multiple times (instead of retrieving the value from the stack). No vulnerable production contracts were found. Additionally, double evaluation of side-effects should be easily discoverable in client tests. As such, the impact is low. As of time of publication, no fixed versions are available.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
{
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{
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"vendor": "vyperlang",
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"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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],
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}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "vyper",
"vendor": "vyperlang",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c= 0.3.10"
}
]
}
],
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}
],
"metrics": [
{
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"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Strategy: Refactoring
If possible, refactor your code so that it does not need to use eval() at all.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Implementation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180, CWE-181). Make sure that your application does not inadvertently decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use libraries such as the OWASP ESAPI Canonicalization control.
- Consider performing repeated canonicalization until your input does not change any more. This will avoid double-decoding and similar scenarios, but it might inadvertently modify inputs that are allowed to contain properly-encoded dangerous content.
Mitigation
Implementation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.