CWE-522
Allowed-with-ReviewInsufficiently Protected Credentials
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.
1811 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-XV7H-95R7-595J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-23 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-30 20:24A flaw was found in keycloak where a brute force attack is possible even when the permanent lockout feature is enabled. This is due to a wrong error message displayed when wrong credentials are entered. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to confidentiality.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.keycloak:keycloak-parent"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "13.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-3513"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-209",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-08-30T20:24:22Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-22T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in keycloak where a brute force attack is possible even when the permanent lockout feature is enabled. This is due to a wrong error message displayed when wrong credentials are entered. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to confidentiality.",
"id": "GHSA-xv7h-95r7-595j",
"modified": "2022-08-30T20:24:22Z",
"published": "2022-08-23T00:00:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3513"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/pull/7976"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2021-3513"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1953439"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Incorrect implementation of lockout feature in Keycloak"
}
GHSA-XV9R-MHJ6-33XR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-05 21:30 – Updated: 2024-11-06 21:30An issue in the luci-mod-rpc package in OpenWRT Luci LTS allows for privilege escalation from an admin account to root via the JSON-RPC-API, which is exposed by the luci-mod-rpc package
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-51240"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-05T19:15:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue in the luci-mod-rpc package in OpenWRT Luci LTS allows for privilege escalation from an admin account to root via the JSON-RPC-API, which is exposed by the luci-mod-rpc package",
"id": "GHSA-xv9r-mhj6-33xr",
"modified": "2024-11-06T21:30:55Z",
"published": "2024-11-05T21:30:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-51240"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/VitoCrl/vulnerability_research/tree/main/CVE-2024-51240"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XVMX-9R4C-CRMV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-31 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01Netgear RAX43 version 1.0.3.96 does not have sufficient protections to the UART interface. A malicious actor with physical access to the device is able to connect to the UART port via a serial connection, login with default credentials, and execute commands as the root user. These default credentials are admin:admin.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-20168"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-30T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Netgear RAX43 version 1.0.3.96 does not have sufficient protections to the UART interface. A malicious actor with physical access to the device is able to connect to the UART port via a serial connection, login with default credentials, and execute commands as the root user. These default credentials are admin:admin.",
"id": "GHSA-xvmx-9r4c-crmv",
"modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:04Z",
"published": "2021-12-31T00:00:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20168"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/research/tra-2021-55"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XVV9-3XJ2-H727
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:36 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:36A design flaw in authentication in Synology Photo Station 6.0-2528 through 6.7.1-3419 allows local users to obtain credentials via cmdline. Synology Photo Station employs the synophoto_dsm_user program to authenticate username and password by "synophoto_dsm_user --auth USERNAME PASSWORD", and local users are able to obtain credentials by sniffing "/proc/*/cmdline".
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-9552"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-06-13T13:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A design flaw in authentication in Synology Photo Station 6.0-2528 through 6.7.1-3419 allows local users to obtain credentials via cmdline. Synology Photo Station employs the synophoto_dsm_user program to authenticate username and password by \"synophoto_dsm_user --auth USERNAME PASSWORD\", and local users are able to obtain credentials by sniffing \"/proc/*/cmdline\".",
"id": "GHSA-xvv9-3xj2-h727",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:36:07Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:36:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-9552"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.synology.com/en-global/support/security/Photo_Station_CVE_2017_9552"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://blog.crozat.net/2017/06/synology-photostation-password-vulnerabilty.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XW3H-6C4J-MQHW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-15 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-16 15:31Authentication Bypass in GNCC's GC2 Indoor Security Camera 1080P allows an attacker with physical access to gain a privileged command shell via the UART Debugging Port.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-31800"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-15T17:15:17Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Authentication Bypass in GNCC\u0027s GC2 Indoor Security Camera 1080P allows an attacker with physical access to gain a privileged command shell via the UART Debugging Port.",
"id": "GHSA-xw3h-6c4j-mqhw",
"modified": "2024-08-16T15:31:41Z",
"published": "2024-08-15T18:31:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-31800"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gncchome.com/collections/indoor-camera/products/c2-indoor-security-camera-1080p"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.nsideattacklogic.de/advisories/NSIDE-SA-2024-001"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XW8X-R2RG-VMQ9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-23 18:31 – Updated: 2024-01-23 18:31HPE OneView may have a missing passphrase during restore.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-6573"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-23T18:15:18Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "HPE OneView may have a missing passphrase during restore.",
"id": "GHSA-xw8x-r2rg-vmq9",
"modified": "2024-01-23T18:31:11Z",
"published": "2024-01-23T18:31:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6573"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpesc/public/docDisplay?docLocale=en_US\u0026docId=hpesbgn04586en_us"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XWQ7-4CC2-M2P8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:18 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:18IBM Security Identity Governance and Intelligence 5.2.6 could allow an attacker to enumerate usernames to find valid login credentials which could be used to attempt further attacks against the system. IBM X-Force ID: 175336.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-4232"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-05-28T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Security Identity Governance and Intelligence 5.2.6 could allow an attacker to enumerate usernames to find valid login credentials which could be used to attempt further attacks against the system. IBM X-Force ID: 175336.",
"id": "GHSA-xwq7-4cc2-m2p8",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:18:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:18:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-4232"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/175336"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6207906"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-XX2H-2HF5-V7VV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:02 – Updated: 2025-05-28 20:10The Portal Store module in Liferay Portal 7.0.0 through 7.3.5, and Liferay DXP 7.0 before fix pack 97, 7.1 before fix pack 21, 7.2 before fix pack 10 and 7.3 before fix pack 1 does not obfuscate the S3 store's proxy password, which allows attackers to steal the proxy password via man-in-the-middle attacks or shoulder surfing.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 7.3.5"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.portal.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.3.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.dxp.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.0.10.fp97"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.dxp.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.1.10.fp21"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.dxp.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.2.10.fp10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.dxp.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.3.10.fp1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-29043"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-28T20:10:38Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-17T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Portal Store module in Liferay Portal 7.0.0 through 7.3.5, and Liferay DXP 7.0 before fix pack 97, 7.1 before fix pack 21, 7.2 before fix pack 10 and 7.3 before fix pack 1 does not obfuscate the S3 store\u0027s proxy password, which allows attackers to steal the proxy password via man-in-the-middle attacks or shoulder surfing.",
"id": "GHSA-xx2h-2hf5-v7vv",
"modified": "2025-05-28T20:10:38Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:02:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-29043"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/liferay/liferay-portal"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.liferay.dev/learn/security/known-vulnerabilities/-/asset_publisher/HbL5mxmVrnXW/content/id/120743515"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210517183617/https://portal.liferay.dev/learn/security/known-vulnerabilities/-/asset_publisher/HbL5mxmVrnXW/content/id/120743515"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://liferay.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Liferay Portal and Liferay DXP May Reveal S3 Store\u0027s Proxy Password"
}
GHSA-XX6J-WQJ7-MRV3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:53 – Updated: 2023-03-02 18:30The HTTP client in the Build tool in Gradle before 5.6 sends authentication credentials originally destined for the configured host. If that host returns a 30x redirect, Gradle also sends those credentials to all subsequent hosts that the request redirects to. This is similar to CVE-2018-1000007.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-15052"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-14T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The HTTP client in the Build tool in Gradle before 5.6 sends authentication credentials originally destined for the configured host. If that host returns a 30x redirect, Gradle also sends those credentials to all subsequent hosts that the request redirects to. This is similar to CVE-2018-1000007.",
"id": "GHSA-xx6j-wqj7-mrv3",
"modified": "2023-03-02T18:30:27Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:53:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gradle/gradle/security/advisories/GHSA-4cwg-f7qc-6r95"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-15052"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gradle/gradle/issues/10278"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gradle/gradle/pull/10176"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XXM3-FP55-PM48
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:33 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:33A flaw was found in the way samba before 4.7.9 and 4.8.4 allowed the use of weak NTLMv1 authentication even when NTLMv1 was explicitly disabled. A man-in-the-middle attacker could use this flaw to read the credential and other details passed between the samba server and client.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-1139"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-08-22T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in the way samba before 4.7.9 and 4.8.4 allowed the use of weak NTLMv1 authentication even when NTLMv1 was explicitly disabled. A man-in-the-middle attacker could use this flaw to read the credential and other details passed between the samba server and client.",
"id": "GHSA-xxm3-fp55-pm48",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:33:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:33:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1139"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2612"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2613"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3056"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2018-1139"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202003-52"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20180814-0001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3738-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.samba.org/samba/security/CVE-2018-1139.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105084"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Use an appropriate security mechanism to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Make appropriate use of cryptography to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Use industry standards to protect the credentials (e.g. LDAP, keystore, etc.).
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-474: Signature Spoofing by Key Theft
An attacker obtains an authoritative or reputable signer's private signature key by theft and then uses this key to forge signatures from the original signer to mislead a victim into performing actions that benefit the attacker.
CAPEC-50: Password Recovery Exploitation
An attacker may take advantage of the application feature to help users recover their forgotten passwords in order to gain access into the system with the same privileges as the original user. Generally password recovery schemes tend to be weak and insecure.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-560: Use of Known Domain Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing
An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.
CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)
An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-653: Use of Known Operating System Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate operating system credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the system, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. This applies to any Operating System.