Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-521
AllowedWeak Password Requirements
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not require that users should have strong passwords.
351 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2021-40333 (GCVE-0-2021-40333)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-12-02 18:29 – Updated: 2024-09-17 00:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Weak default credential associated with TCP port 26
Summary
Weak Password Requirements vulnerability in Hitachi Energy FOX61x, XCM20 allows an attacker to gain unauthorized access to the Data Communication Network (DCN) routing configuration. This issue affects: Hitachi Energy FOX61x versions prior to R15A. Hitachi Energy XCM20 versions prior to R15A.
Severity
9 (Critical)
CWE
- CWE-521 - Weak Password Requirements
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://search.abb.com/library/Download.aspx?Docu… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://search.abb.com/library/Download.aspx?Docu… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hitachi Energy | FOX61x |
Affected:
R15A , < R15A
(custom)
|
|
| Hitachi Energy | XCM20 |
Affected:
R15A , < R15A
(custom)
|
Date Public
2021-11-23 00:00
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CVE-2021-38462 (GCVE-0-2021-38462)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-19 12:10 – Updated: 2024-09-16 16:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
InHand Networks IR615 Router
Summary
InHand Networks IR615 Router's Versions 2.3.0.r4724 and 2.3.0.r4870 does not enforce an efficient password policy. This may allow an attacker with obtained user credentials to enumerate passwords and impersonate other application users and perform operations on their behalf.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CWE
- CWE-521 - WEAK PASSWORD REQUIREMENTS CWE-521
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-21-280-05 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| InHand Networks | IR615 Router |
Affected:
2.3.0.r4724 and 2.3.0.r4870
|
Date Public
2021-10-07 00:00
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CVE-2021-38133 (GCVE-0-2021-38133)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-12 12:41 – Updated: 2024-09-12 12:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Possible Improper authentication Vulnerability in OpenText eDirectory
Summary
Possible
External Service Interaction attack
in eDirectory has been discovered in
OpenText™ eDirectory. This impact all version before 9.2.6.0000.
Severity
7.4 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-521 - Weak Password Requirements
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OpenText | eDirectory |
Affected:
9.2.0 , ≤ 9.2.5.0000
(rpm, exe)
|
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CVE-2021-32753 (GCVE-0-2021-32753)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-07-09 19:05 – Updated: 2024-08-03 23:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Weak password in API gateway in EdgeX Foundry Edinburgh, Fuji, Geneva, and Hanoi releases allows remote attackers to obtain authentication token via dictionary-based password attack when OAuth2 authentication method is enabled.
Summary
EdgeX Foundry is an open source project for building a common open framework for internet-of-things edge computing. A vulnerability exists in the Edinburgh, Fuji, Geneva, and Hanoi versions of the software. When the EdgeX API gateway is configured for OAuth2 authentication and a proxy user is created, the client_id and client_secret required to obtain an OAuth2 authentication token are set to the username of the proxy user. A remote network attacker can then perform a dictionary-based password attack on the OAuth2 token endpoint of the API gateway to obtain an OAuth2 authentication token and use that token to make authenticated calls to EdgeX microservices from an untrusted network. OAuth2 is the default authentication method in EdgeX Edinburgh release. The default authentication method was changed to JWT in Fuji and later releases. Users should upgrade to the EdgeX Ireland release to obtain the fix. The OAuth2 authentication method is disabled in Ireland release. If unable to upgrade and OAuth2 authentication is required, users should create OAuth2 users directly using the Kong admin API and forgo the use of the `security-proxy-setup` tool to create OAuth2 users.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/edgexfoundry/edgex-go/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://docs.konghq.com/hub/kong-inc/oauth2/#crea… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| edgexfoundry | edgex-go |
Affected:
Edinburgh, Fuji, Geneva, Hanoi
|
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CVE-2020-25153 (GCVE-0-2020-25153)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-12-23 14:08 – Updated: 2024-09-16 19:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MOXA NPort IAW5000A-I/O Series
Summary
The built-in web service for MOXA NPort IAW5000A-I/O firmware version 2.1 or lower does not require users to have strong passwords.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CWE
- CWE-521 - Weak Password Requirements
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-20-287-01 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MOXA | NPort IAW5000A-I/O |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ Version 2.1
(custom)
|
Date Public
2020-10-13 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2020-15115 (GCVE-0-2020-15115)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-08-06 21:55 – Updated: 2024-08-04 13:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
No minimum password length in etcd
Summary
etcd before versions 3.3.23 and 3.4.10 does not perform any password length validation, which allows for very short passwords, such as those with a length of one. This may allow an attacker to guess or brute-force users' passwords with little computational effort.
Severity
5.8 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-521 - {"CWE-521":"Weak Password Requirements"}
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_FEDORA |
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CVE-2020-7519 (GCVE-0-2020-7519)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-07-23 20:51 – Updated: 2024-08-04 09:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A CWE-521: Weak Password Requirements vulnerability exists in Easergy Builder (Version 1.4.7.2 and older) which could allow an attacker to compromise a user account.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-521 - Weak Password Requirements
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.se.com/ww/en/download/document/SEVD-2… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | Easergy Builder (Version 1.4.7.2 and older) |
Affected:
Easergy Builder (Version 1.4.7.2 and older)
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CVE-2020-7492 (GCVE-0-2020-7492)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-06-16 19:07 – Updated: 2024-08-04 09:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A CWE-521: Weak Password Requirements vulnerability exists in the GP-Pro EX V1.00 to V4.09.100 which could cause the discovery of the password when the user is entering the password because it is not masqueraded.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-521 - Weak Password Requirements
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.se.com/ww/en/download/document/SEVD-2… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | GP-Pro EX V1.00 to V4.09.100 |
Affected:
GP-Pro EX V1.00 to V4.09.100
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CVE-2020-6995 (GCVE-0-2020-6995)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-03-24 19:16 – Updated: 2024-08-04 09:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
In Moxa PT-7528 series firmware, Version 4.0 or lower, and PT-7828 series firmware, Version 3.9 or lower, the application utilizes weak password requirements, which may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-521 - WEAK PASSWORD REQUIREMENTS CWE-521
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.us-cert.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-20-056-03 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | Moxa PT-7528 series firmware, Version 4.0 or lower, PT-7828 series firmware, Version 3.9 or lower |
Affected:
Moxa PT-7528 series firmware, Version 4.0 or lower, PT-7828 series firmware, Version 3.9 or lower
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CVE-2020-6991 (GCVE-0-2020-6991)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-03-24 20:29 – Updated: 2024-08-04 09:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
In Moxa EDS-G516E Series firmware, Version 5.2 or lower, weak password requirements may allow an attacker to gain access using brute force.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-521 - WEAK PASSWORD REQUIREMENTS CWE-521
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.us-cert.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-20-056-04 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | Moxa EDS-G516E Series firmware, Version 5.2 or lower |
Affected:
Moxa EDS-G516E Series firmware, Version 5.2 or lower
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- A product's design should require adherance to an appropriate password policy. Specific password requirements depend strongly on contextual factors, but it is recommended to contain the following attributes:
- Depending on the threat model, the password policy may include several additional attributes.
- See NIST 800-63B [REF-1053] for further information on password requirements.
- {'xhtml:li': ['Enforcement of a minimum and maximum length', 'Restrictions against password reuse', 'Restrictions against using common passwords', 'Restrictions against using contextual string in the password (e.g., user id, app name)']}
- {'xhtml:li': [{'xhtml:ul': {'xhtml:li': ['Increasing the range of characters makes the password harder to crack and may be appropriate for systems relying on single factor authentication.', 'Unfortunately, a complex password may be difficult to memorize, encouraging a user to select a short password or to incorrectly manage the password (write it down).', "Another disadvantage of this approach is that it often does not result in a significant increases in overal password complexity due to people's predictable usage of various symbols."]}, '#text': 'Complex passwords requiring mixed character sets (alpha, numeric, special, mixed case)'}, {'xhtml:ul': {'xhtml:li': ['Increasing the number of characters makes the password harder to crack and may be appropriate for systems relying on single factor authentication.', 'A disadvantage of this approach is that selecting a good passphrase is not easy and poor passwords can still be generated. Some prompting may be needed to encourage long un-predictable passwords.']}, '#text': 'Large Minimum Length (encouraging passphrases instead of passwords)'}, {'xhtml:ul': {'xhtml:li': ['Generating a password for the user can help make sure that length and complexity requirements are met, and can result in secure passwords being used.', 'A disadvantage of this approach is that the resulting password or passpharse may be too difficult to memorize, encouraging them to be written down.']}, '#text': 'Randomly Chosen Secrets'}]}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Consider a second authentication factor beyond the password, which prevents the password from being a single point of failure. See CWE-308 for further information.
Mitigation
Implementation
Consider implementing a password complexity meter to inform users when a chosen password meets the required attributes.
Mitigation
Implementation
Previously, "password expiration" was widely advocated as a defense-in-depth approach to minimize the risk of weak passwords, and it has become a common practice. Password expiration requires a password to be changed within a fixed time window (such as every 90 days). However, this approach has significant limitations in the current threat landscape, and its utility has been reduced in light of the adoption of related protection mechanisms (such as password complexity and computational effort), along with the recognition that regular password changes often caused users to generate more predictable passwords. As a result, this is now a Discouraged Common Practice [REF-1488] [REF-1489], especially as the sole factor in protecting passwords. It is still strongly encouraged to force password changes in case of evidence of compromise, but this is not the same as a forced "expiration" on an arbitrary time frame.
CAPEC-112: Brute Force
In this attack, some asset (information, functionality, identity, etc.) is protected by a finite secret value. The attacker attempts to gain access to this asset by using trial-and-error to exhaustively explore all the possible secret values in the hope of finding the secret (or a value that is functionally equivalent) that will unlock the asset.
CAPEC-16: Dictionary-based Password Attack
An attacker tries each of the words in a dictionary as passwords to gain access to the system via some user's account. If the password chosen by the user was a word within the dictionary, this attack will be successful (in the absence of other mitigations). This is a specific instance of the password brute forcing attack pattern.
Dictionary Attacks differ from similar attacks such as Password Spraying (CAPEC-565) and Credential Stuffing (CAPEC-600), since they leverage unknown username/password combinations and don't care about inducing account lockouts.
CAPEC-49: Password Brute Forcing
An adversary tries every possible value for a password until they succeed. A brute force attack, if feasible computationally, will always be successful because it will essentially go through all possible passwords given the alphabet used (lower case letters, upper case letters, numbers, symbols, etc.) and the maximum length of the password.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-55: Rainbow Table Password Cracking
An attacker gets access to the database table where hashes of passwords are stored. They then use a rainbow table of pre-computed hash chains to attempt to look up the original password. Once the original password corresponding to the hash is obtained, the attacker uses the original password to gain access to the system.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-565: Password Spraying
In a Password Spraying attack, an adversary tries a small list (e.g. 3-5) of common or expected passwords, often matching the target's complexity policy, against a known list of user accounts to gain valid credentials. The adversary tries a particular password for each user account, before moving onto the next password in the list. This approach assists the adversary in remaining undetected by avoiding rapid or frequent account lockouts. The adversary may then reattempt the process with additional passwords, once enough time has passed to prevent inducing a lockout.
CAPEC-70: Try Common or Default Usernames and Passwords
An adversary may try certain common or default usernames and passwords to gain access into the system and perform unauthorized actions. An adversary may try an intelligent brute force using empty passwords, known vendor default credentials, as well as a dictionary of common usernames and passwords. Many vendor products come preconfigured with default (and thus well-known) usernames and passwords that should be deleted prior to usage in a production environment. It is a common mistake to forget to remove these default login credentials. Another problem is that users would pick very simple (common) passwords (e.g. "secret" or "password") that make it easier for the attacker to gain access to the system compared to using a brute force attack or even a dictionary attack using a full dictionary.