Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-345
DiscouragedInsufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not sufficiently verify the origin or authenticity of data, in a way that causes it to accept invalid data.
1368 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-121637 (GCVE-0-2026-121637)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-04 14:44 – Updated: 2026-11-04 18:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WatchGuard AuthPoint Gateway Improper HMAC Validation in LDAP Authentication Callback Allows Forged Authentication Results
Summary
An improper integrity validation vulnerability in WatchGuard AuthPoint Gateway's LDAP authentication callback allows a network attacker who has obtained a valid header signature to forge the authentication result and transaction identifier in the request body, resulting in unauthorized session outcomes.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-04 16:38 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://psirt.watchguard.com/CVE-2026-121637 | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WatchGuard | AuthPoint Authentication Gateway |
Affected:
1.0 , < 7.6.0
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:watchguard:authpoint_authentication_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-121620 (GCVE-0-2026-121620)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-04 12:38 – Updated: 2026-11-04 18:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CoopCycle coopcycle-web 5.6.0 before 6.20.0 Missing Zelty Webhook Signature Verification
Summary
CoopCycle coopcycle-web 5.6.0 before 6.20.0 contains a missing authentication vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to forge Zelty webhook events because the x-zelty-hmac-sha256 HMAC signature is never verified. Attackers can POST forged dish, menu, option and order-status events to /api/zelty/webhook/* endpoints to toggle restaurant products and alter order preparation states.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-04 18:48 UTC
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/coopcycle/coopcycle-web/commit… | patch |
| https://github.com/coopcycle/coopcycle-web/releas… | release-notes |
| https://github.com/coopcycle/coopcycle-web/blob/v… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/coopcycle/coopcycle-web/blob/v… | technical-description |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/coopcycle-co… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CoopCycle | coopcycle-web |
Affected:
5.6.0 , < 6.20.0
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-11-03 14:28
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CVE-2026-121606 (GCVE-0-2026-121606)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-04 01:00 – Updated: 2026-11-04 01:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Qihoo 360 D621-2/D603-2/D600-2/D619/D606-6/D706 Firmware Signature Verification iscm verify_sign signature verification
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in Qihoo 360 D621-2, D603-2, D600-2, D619, D606-6 and D706 up to 6.4.9. Affected by this issue is the function verify_sign of the file fs2/bin/iscm of the component Firmware Signature Verification. Such manipulation of the argument sign leads to improper verification of cryptographic signature. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/430443 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/430443/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-121606 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1023261 | third-party-advisory |
| https://gist.github.com/gajgdm6-cpu/cf98af20ddb77… | exploit |
Impacted products
6 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qihoo 360 | D621-2 |
Affected:
6.4.0
Affected: 6.4.1 Affected: 6.4.2 Affected: 6.4.3 Affected: 6.4.4 Affected: 6.4.5 Affected: 6.4.6 Affected: 6.4.7 Affected: 6.4.8 Affected: 6.4.9 cpe:2.3:a:qihoo_360:d621-2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Qihoo 360 | D603-2 |
Affected:
6.4.0
Affected: 6.4.1 Affected: 6.4.2 Affected: 6.4.3 Affected: 6.4.4 Affected: 6.4.5 Affected: 6.4.6 Affected: 6.4.7 Affected: 6.4.8 Affected: 6.4.9 cpe:2.3:a:qihoo_360:d603-2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Qihoo 360 | D600-2 |
Affected:
6.4.0
Affected: 6.4.1 Affected: 6.4.2 Affected: 6.4.3 Affected: 6.4.4 Affected: 6.4.5 Affected: 6.4.6 Affected: 6.4.7 Affected: 6.4.8 Affected: 6.4.9 cpe:2.3:a:qihoo_360:d600-2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Qihoo 360 | D619 |
Affected:
6.4.0
Affected: 6.4.1 Affected: 6.4.2 Affected: 6.4.3 Affected: 6.4.4 Affected: 6.4.5 Affected: 6.4.6 Affected: 6.4.7 Affected: 6.4.8 Affected: 6.4.9 cpe:2.3:a:qihoo_360:d619:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Qihoo 360 | D606-6 |
Affected:
6.4.0
Affected: 6.4.1 Affected: 6.4.2 Affected: 6.4.3 Affected: 6.4.4 Affected: 6.4.5 Affected: 6.4.6 Affected: 6.4.7 Affected: 6.4.8 Affected: 6.4.9 cpe:2.3:a:qihoo_360:d606-6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Qihoo 360 | D706 |
Affected:
6.4.0
Affected: 6.4.1 Affected: 6.4.2 Affected: 6.4.3 Affected: 6.4.4 Affected: 6.4.5 Affected: 6.4.6 Affected: 6.4.7 Affected: 6.4.8 Affected: 6.4.9 cpe:2.3:a:qihoo_360:d706:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-121545 (GCVE-0-2026-121545)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-03 15:17 – Updated: 2026-11-03 15:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Dreeve before 5.8.0 Missing Authentication in Strava Webhook POST Handler
Summary
Dreeve before 5.8.0 contains a missing authentication vulnerability in StravaWebhookRequestHandler::handleEvent that allows unauthenticated attackers to forge Strava webhook events without signature, verify-token or owner_id checks. Attackers can send forged delete events with a known public Strava activity id to the webhook URL, causing permanent deletion of imported activities and their streams.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/dreeveapp/dreeve/issues/2935 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/dreeveapp/dreeve | product |
| https://github.com/dreeveapp/dreeve/commit/1e88f7… | patch |
| https://github.com/dreeveapp/dreeve/blob/v5.7.0/s… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/dreeveapp/dreeve/blob/v5.7.0/s… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/dreeveapp/dreeve/pull/2936 | technical-descriptionpatchissue-tracking |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/dreeve-befor… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| robiningelbrecht | dreeve |
Affected:
0 , < 5.8.0
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-10-28 00:00
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CVE-2026-120317 (GCVE-0-2026-120317)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-02 02:01 – Updated: 2026-11-02 14:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
http4k 4.9.10.0 before 6.60.0.0 Digest auth-int Missing Body Integrity
Summary
http4k from 4.9.10.0 before 6.60.0.0 contains a missing integrity check vulnerability because DigestEncoder computes the auth-int digest without hashing the request entity body. On-path attackers on non-TLS channels can rewrite the body of authenticated requests while keeping the Authorization header valid, executing state-changing actions as the victim.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 14:17 UTC
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/http4k/http4k/security/advisor… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/http4k-4.9.1… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-10-16 00:00
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CVE-2026-119731 (GCVE-0-2026-119731)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-02 18:54 – Updated: 2026-11-02 18:54 Exclusively Hosted Service
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Munshi Payment Bypass via Unauthenticated Webhook Endpoint
Summary
Munshi (by Petpooja) before 2026-06-30 contained a payment bypass vulnerability in its subscription payment webhook at POST /api/payment/order/webhook, which lacks webhook authentication, cryptographic signature verification, source validation, and independent server-side confirmation with the payment provider. A remote, unauthenticated attacker can submit a forged payment-success notification referencing an order obtained from the payment-status redirect URL, causing the backend to mark the subscription as paid/active and granting paid access without an actual successful payment.
Severity
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://medium.com/@TheWildEye/payment-bypass-in-… | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://www.petpooja.com/ | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/munshi-payme… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-10-30 00:00
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CVE-2026-119422 (GCVE-0-2026-119422)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-30 11:30 – Updated: 2026-10-30 16:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Hyperswitch before 1.128.0 Webhook Authentication Bypass via Worldpayxml Connector
Summary
Juspay Hyperswitch before 1.128.0 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to forge payment status updates because the Worldpayxml connector's verify_webhook_source always returns true without enforced mTLS. Attackers knowing the merchant_id and Worldpay orderCode can POST unsigned XML with lastEvent SETTLED to the worldpayxml webhook endpoint, marking unpaid payments as charged or triggering refund, dispute and payout events.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-30 16:05 UTC
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/juspay/hyperswitch/commit/681c… | patch |
| https://github.com/juspay/hyperswitch/commit/e797… | patch |
| https://github.com/juspay/hyperswitch/blob/v1.127… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/juspay/hyperswitch/releases/ta… | release-notes |
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| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/hyperswitch-… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| juspay | hyperswitch |
Affected:
0 , < 1.128.0
(semver)
Affected: 0 , < 2026.10.01.0 (custom) |
Date Public
2026-09-30 00:00
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CVE-2026-119289 (GCVE-0-2026-119289)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-30 15:48 – Updated: 2026-10-30 15:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Zuke: githubWorkflow adopts any workflow run whose title matches its marker, so anyone who can dispatch the workflow can satisfy or block a release gate
Summary
Zuke is a code-first, strongly typed build automation system for Deno. Prior to 1.10.0, the @zuke/gh githubWorkflow(...) gate correlates a dispatched workflow run using only a display-title marker that is visible in the workflow run list and can be copied by another dispatcher. In configurations where the external workflow repository grants workflow_dispatch permission to a party not equally trusted by the releasing repository, an attacker can dispatch a run with the marker and cause the gate to adopt its conclusion without verifying the event, ref, or creation window. A passing substituted run can authorize an unvalidated release, while a failed or cancelled run can block a valid release, and the persisted adopted run ID preserves the substitution across build resume. This issue is fixed in version 1.10.0.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/zuke-build/zuke/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/zuke-build/zuke/pull/542 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/zuke-build/zuke/commit/4257b0b… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/zuke-build/zuke/releases/tag/g… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| zuke-build | zuke |
Affected:
< 1.10.0
|
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CVE-2026-118377 (GCVE-0-2026-118377)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-28 02:03 – Updated: 2026-10-28 02:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
mews/pos through 2.0.0 Missing Hash Verification in 3D Pay and 3D Host Callbacks
Summary
mews/pos through 2.0.0 contains an insufficient verification of data authenticity vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to forge payment results by submitting unverified callbacks. GarantiPos, PayForPos and InterPos 3D Pay and 3D Host handlers skip check3DHash(), letting attackers post tampered status, amount or order ID fields to complete orders without paying.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/mewebstudio/pos/pull/305 | patchissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/mewebstudio/pos/commit/7c59d42… | patch |
| https://github.com/mewebstudio/pos/issues/306 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/mewebstudio/pos/blob/50ed2bfe4… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/mewebstudio/pos/blob/50ed2bfe4… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/mewebstudio/pos | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/mews-pos-thr… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| mewebstudio | pos |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.0.0
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-10-25 00:00
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CVE-2026-116608 (GCVE-0-2026-116608)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-27 00:15 – Updated: 2026-11-02 18:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
DAMO Academy VideoLLaMA2 Model Loading __init__.py load_pretrained_model integrity check
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in DAMO Academy VideoLLaMA2 up to 1.1. Affected by this issue is the function load_pretrained_model of the file videollama2/model/__init__.py of the component Model Loading. The manipulation of the argument _name_or_path leads to improper validation of integrity check value. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 18:51 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/426516 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/426516/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-116608 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1022955 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/DAMO-NLP-SG/VideoLLaMA2/issues/182 | exploitissue-tracking |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DAMO Academy | VideoLLaMA2 |
Affected:
1.0
Affected: 1.1 cpe:2.3:a:damo_academy:videollama2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-426516 | DAMO Academy VideoLLaMA2 Model Loading __init__.py load_pretrained_model integrity check",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/426516"
},
{
"name": "VDB-426516 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/426516/cti"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2026-116608 | CVE Analysis and Report",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-116608"
},
{
"name": "Submit #1022955 | DAMO-NLP-SG VideoLLaMA2 commit c0bb03abf6b8a6b9a8dccac006fb4db5d4d9e414 (main HEAD) and tag v1.1 Download of Code Without Integrity Check",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/1022955"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit",
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/DAMO-NLP-SG/VideoLLaMA2/issues/182"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-10-26T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-10-26T01:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-10-26T17:17:12.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "DAMO Academy VideoLLaMA2 Model Loading __init__.py load_pretrained_model integrity check",
"x_generator": [
"VulDB PVTS v202610"
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-116608",
"datePublished": "2026-10-27T00:15:18.298Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-10-26T16:12:07.200Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-11-02T18:51:42.827Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-141: Cache Poisoning
An attacker exploits the functionality of cache technologies to cause specific data to be cached that aids the attackers' objectives. This describes any attack whereby an attacker places incorrect or harmful material in cache. The targeted cache can be an application's cache (e.g. a web browser cache) or a public cache (e.g. a DNS or ARP cache). Until the cache is refreshed, most applications or clients will treat the corrupted cache value as valid. This can lead to a wide range of exploits including redirecting web browsers towards sites that install malware and repeatedly incorrect calculations based on the incorrect value.
CAPEC-142: DNS Cache Poisoning
A domain name server translates a domain name (such as www.example.com) into an IP address that Internet hosts use to contact Internet resources. An adversary modifies a public DNS cache to cause certain names to resolve to incorrect addresses that the adversary specifies. The result is that client applications that rely upon the targeted cache for domain name resolution will be directed not to the actual address of the specified domain name but to some other address. Adversaries can use this to herd clients to sites that install malware on the victim's computer or to masquerade as part of a Pharming attack.
CAPEC-148: Content Spoofing
An adversary modifies content to make it contain something other than what the original content producer intended while keeping the apparent source of the content unchanged. The term content spoofing is most often used to describe modification of web pages hosted by a target to display the adversary's content instead of the owner's content. However, any content can be spoofed, including the content of email messages, file transfers, or the content of other network communication protocols. Content can be modified at the source (e.g. modifying the source file for a web page) or in transit (e.g. intercepting and modifying a message between the sender and recipient). Usually, the adversary will attempt to hide the fact that the content has been modified, but in some cases, such as with web site defacement, this is not necessary. Content Spoofing can lead to malware exposure, financial fraud (if the content governs financial transactions), privacy violations, and other unwanted outcomes.
CAPEC-218: Spoofing of UDDI/ebXML Messages
An attacker spoofs a UDDI, ebXML, or similar message in order to impersonate a service provider in an e-business transaction. UDDI, ebXML, and similar standards are used to identify businesses in e-business transactions. Among other things, they identify a particular participant, WSDL information for SOAP transactions, and supported communication protocols, including security protocols. By spoofing one of these messages an attacker could impersonate a legitimate business in a transaction or could manipulate the protocols used between a client and business. This could result in disclosure of sensitive information, loss of message integrity, or even financial fraud.
CAPEC-384: Application API Message Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages. Performing this attack can allow the attacker to gain unauthorized privileges within the application, or conduct attacks such as phishing, deceptive strategies to spread malware, or traditional web-application attacks. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to perform adversary-in-the-middle (CAPEC-94) communications between the web browser and the remote system. Despite the use of AiTH software, the attack is actually directed at the server, as the client is one node in a series of content brokers that pass information along to the application framework. Additionally, it is not true "Adversary-in-the-Middle" attack at the network layer, but an application-layer attack the root cause of which is the master applications trust in the integrity of code supplied by the client.
CAPEC-385: Transaction or Event Tampering via Application API Manipulation
An attacker hosts or joins an event or transaction within an application framework in order to change the content of messages or items that are being exchanged. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that look authentic but may contain deceptive links, substitute one item or another, spoof an existing item and conduct a false exchange, or otherwise change the amounts or identity of what is being exchanged. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to man-in-the-middle communications between the web browser and the remote system in order to change the content of various application elements. Often, items exchanged in game can be monetized via sales for coin, virtual dollars, etc. The purpose of the attack is for the attack to scam the victim by trapping the data packets involved the exchange and altering the integrity of the transfer process.
CAPEC-386: Application API Navigation Remapping
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of links/buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains links/buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination. Some applications make navigation remapping more difficult to detect because the actual HREF values of images, profile elements, and links/buttons are masked. One example would be to place an image in a user's photo gallery that when clicked upon redirected the user to an off-site location. Also, traditional web vulnerabilities (such as CSRF) can be constructed with remapped buttons or links. In some cases navigation remapping can be used for Phishing attacks or even means to artificially boost the page view, user site reputation, or click-fraud.
CAPEC-387: Navigation Remapping To Propagate Malicious Content
An adversary manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages and thereby circumvent the expected application logic.
CAPEC-388: Application API Button Hijacking
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.
CAPEC-701: Browser in the Middle (BiTM)
An adversary exploits the inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to establish an unnoticed remote desktop connection in the victim's browser to the adversary's system. The adversary must deploy a web client with a remote desktop session that the victim can access.