Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-116
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.
632 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-64647 (GCVE-0-2026-64647)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-27 19:11 – Updated: 2026-07-27 19:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Next.js: Response Body Cache Confusion with Invalid UTF-8 Request Bodies
Summary
Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. In versions 12.0.0 through 15.5.20 and 16.0.0 through 16.2.10, a server-side fetch with a request body may return a cached response body from a different request to the same URL but different body. Confidential data in the POST's response body would then leak to unauthorized requests. Though the request itself will not be deduped. This is only an issue when receiving request bodies with a content type charset other than UTF-8. For example, the UTF-16 byte sequences for 삃삃 and 섄섄 in the request body would share the same cache. This issue has been fixed in versions 15.5.21 and 16.2.11.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/vercel/next.js/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/vercel/next.js/pull/96008 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/vercel/next.js/commit/025bf4a5… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/vercel/next.js/releases/tag/v15.5.21 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/vercel/next.js/releases/tag/v16.2.11 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-63397 (GCVE-0-2026-63397)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-16 19:14 – Updated: 2026-07-21 17:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
remorses/genql code injection
Summary
remorses/genql before version 6.3.4 allows an authenticated attacker with control of the GraphQL schema that is passed to genql to inject arbitrary JavaScript or TypeScript. The malicious code is injected into the generated schema.ts file and executes when the genql client is bundled and imported.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/remorses/genql/releases/tag/%4… | patch |
| https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-63397 | vdb-entry |
| https://github.com/remorses/genql | product |
| https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/de… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-06-11 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2026-62184 (GCVE-0-2026-62184)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-13 21:30 – Updated: 2026-07-15 18:45 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
luci-app-banip Log Monitor IP Extraction Bypass
Summary
luci-app-banip contains a log parsing vulnerability where the awk-based parser extracts the first IPv4 address from log lines regardless of field position, allowing attackers to inject arbitrary IPs via attacker-controlled fields like usernames. An unauthenticated remote attacker can inject an IP address into the login username field, causing banIP to block the wrong target while the real attacker remains unblocked.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/openwrt/luci/security/advisori… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/openwrt/luci/commit/d9bbc372e2… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/luci-app-ban… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| openwrt | luci-app-banip |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 0.11.1
(semver)
Unaffected: d9bbc372e29618a8807b693a1ccf6d0e42cd196c (git) |
Date Public
2026-06-28 00:00
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CVE-2026-59895 (GCVE-0-2026-59895)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 16:09 – Updated: 2026-07-08 19:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Hono: Server-Side XSS via JSX Escaping Bypass in cx() Utility
Summary
Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. From 4.0.0 before 4.12.27, cx() in hono/css composes class names from plain strings but marks the result as already escaped without HTML-escaping the input, allowing untrusted className values used in a JSX class attribute during server-side rendering to break out of the attribute and inject arbitrary markup. This issue is fixed in version 4.12.27.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/honojs/hono/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/honojs/hono/commit/cd3f6f7194f… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/honojs/hono/releases/tag/v4.12.27 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-59833 (GCVE-0-2026-59833)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-09 22:17 – Updated: 2026-07-10 14:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SiYuan: Stored XSS to RCE in SiYuan via a per-attribute URL-scheme sanitizer gap in Lute (form action / SVG xlink:href)
Summary
SiYuan is an open-source personal knowledge management system. Prior to 3.7.1, SiYuan renders note and package content to HTML through the Lute engine with sanitization enabled, but Lute's dangerous javascript scheme block does not check form action or SVG xlink:href attributes, allowing stored cross-site scripting in document export-preview and Bazaar package README render paths that can execute OS commands in the Electron desktop renderer. This issue is fixed in versions 3.7.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/siyuan-note/siyuan/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/siyuan-note/siyuan/commit/ebe2… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/siyuan-note/siyuan/releases/ta… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| siyuan-note | siyuan |
Affected:
< 3.7.1
|
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CVE-2026-59727 (GCVE-0-2026-59727)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-27 19:42 – Updated: 2026-07-28 15:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Astro: Cross-site scripting via unescaped transition:* directive values on hydrated islands
Summary
Astro is a web framework for content-driven websites. In versions 3.10.0 through 7.0.3, when a transition:persist, transition:scope, or transition:persist-props directive is applied to a client-hydrated (client:*) component, Astro copied the directive value onto the rendered <astro-island> element without HTML-escaping it. If a developer reflects attacker-controlled input into one of these directives, an attacker can break out of the attribute and inject arbitrary HTML/JavaScript into the server-rendered output, resulting in reflected cross-site scripting (XSS). Exploitation requires the application developer to have written a non-idiomatic pattern — passing untrusted, request-derived input directly into a transition directive. Astro applications that do not route untrusted input into these directives are unaffected. This issue has been fixed in version 7.0.4.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/withastro/astro/pull/17212 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/withastro/astro/commit/7ba0bb1… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/withastro/astro/releases/tag/a… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-58487 (GCVE-0-2026-58487)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-13 21:59 – Updated: 2026-07-15 14:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
HedgeDoc: Stored HTML injection via email local-part
Summary
HedgeDoc is an open source, real-time, collaborative, markdown notes application. Prior to version 1.11.0, due to unsafe handling of the local-part of registered email addresses, HedgeDoc was vulnerable to stored HTML Injection through its publish and slide views. An attacker could register a specially crafted email address and inject arbitrary HTML into pages viewed by other users. HedgeDoc accepted RFC 5321 quoted-string local-parts in email addresses during registration. The local-part was then reused as the user's display name without escaping and rendered into HTML in multiple places, including publish and slide views as well as the collaborative editor. An attacker could break out of an HTML attribute and inject arbitrary markup into the page. While the deployed Content-Security-Policy prevented straightforward inline JavaScript execution, the injected HTML was still sufficient to alter page content and embed attacker-controlled resources such as cross-origin iframes. This issue was fixed in version 1.11.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/hedgedoc/hedgedoc/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-56379 (GCVE-0-2026-56379)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 12:13 – Updated: 2026-07-15 00:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ImageMagick - Command Injection via SVG Decoder
Summary
ImageMagick before 7.1.2-15 and 6.9.13-40 contains a command injection vulnerability in the SVG decoder that allows attackers to inject arbitrary MVG drawing commands. Attackers can craft malicious SVG files with injected Magick Vector Graphics commands that execute during rendering.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/securi… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/imagemagick-… | third-party-advisory |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-56379 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2491700 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:32961 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ImageMagick | ImageMagick |
Affected:
0 , < 7.1.2-15
(semver)
Unaffected: 7.1.2-15 (semver) |
|
| ImageMagick | ImageMagick |
Affected:
0 , < 6.9.13-40
(semver)
Unaffected: 6.9.13-40 (semver) |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Extended Lifecycle Support |
Unaffected:
0:6.9.10.68-17.el7_9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_els:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6 |
Date Public
2026-02-23 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2026-55730 (GCVE-0-2026-55730)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-24 14:00 – Updated: 2026-07-24 14:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Loytec LWEB802: Reflected Cross-Site Scripting in LWEB802
Summary
Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (CWE-79) in LWEB802 in Loytec LWEB-802 before 5.0.8 on all platforms allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary JavaScript in a victim's browser and perform actions with the victim's privileges via a crafted link containing a malicious `project` or `mspParams` parameter.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.loytec.com/support/product-security/a… | vendor-advisory |
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CVE-2026-55659 (GCVE-0-2026-55659)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-10 20:57 – Updated: 2026-07-13 16:01
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Grist: XSS through unsafe value interpolation in server-rendered pages
Summary
Grist is spreadsheet software using Python as its formula language. Prior to 1.7.15, several server-rendered Grist pages embedded user-controlled values into the page and into inline scripts without fully escaping them, allowing cross-site scripting. On the main application page, a document's name or description, set by a document editor, is rendered into the page that other users load when opening the document. On the OAuth2 end-of-flow page, the openerOrigin request parameter was reflected back into the served page. Injected script runs in the victim's Grist origin and can act through the authenticated session, reading or modifying data and changing sharing settings and access rules. A document editor could therefore escalate to owner-level access. This issue is fixed in version 1.7.15.
Severity
7.7 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/gristlabs/grist-core/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/gristlabs/grist-core/commit/4c… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/gristlabs/grist-core/releases/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| gristlabs | grist-core |
Affected:
< 1.7.15
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Mitigation MIT-4.3
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
- Alternately, use built-in functions, but consider using wrappers in case those functions are discovered to have a vulnerability.
Mitigation MIT-27
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Parameterization
- If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
- For example, stored procedures can enforce database query structure and reduce the likelihood of SQL injection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
In some cases, input validation may be an important strategy when output encoding is not a complete solution. For example, you may be providing the same output that will be processed by multiple consumers that use different encodings or representations. In other cases, you may be required to allow user-supplied input to contain control information, such as limited HTML tags that support formatting in a wiki or bulletin board. When this type of requirement must be met, use an extremely strict allowlist to limit which control sequences can be used. Verify that the resulting syntactic structure is what you expect. Use your normal encoding methods for the remainder of the input.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use input validation as a defense-in-depth measure to reduce the likelihood of output encoding errors (see CWE-20).
Mitigation
Requirements
Fully specify which encodings are required by components that will be communicating with each other.
Mitigation
Implementation
When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting
An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.
CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename
An attack of this type involves an adversary inserting malicious characters (such as a XSS redirection) into a filename, directly or indirectly that is then used by the target software to generate HTML text or other potentially executable content. Many websites rely on user-generated content and dynamically build resources like files, filenames, and URL links directly from user supplied data. In this attack pattern, the attacker uploads code that can execute in the client browser and/or redirect the client browser to a site that the attacker owns. All XSS attack payload variants can be used to pass and exploit these vulnerabilities.
CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering
Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.
CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting
This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.