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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nath5k: fix OOB in ath5k_eeprom_read_pcal_info_5111\n\nThe bug was found during fuzzing. Stacktrace locates it in\nath5k_eeprom_convert_pcal_info_5111.\nWhen none of the curve is selected in the loop, idx can go\nup to AR5K_EEPROM_N_PD_CURVES. The line makes pd out of bound.\npd = \u0026chinfo[pier].pd_curves[idx];\n\nThere are many OOB writes using pd later in the code. So I\nadded a sanity check for idx. Checks for other loops involving\nAR5K_EEPROM_N_PD_CURVES are not needed as the loop index is not\nused outside the loops.\n\nThe patch is NOT tested with real device.\n\nThe following is the fuzzing report\n\nBUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in ath5k_eeprom_read_pcal_info_5111+0x126a/0x1390 [ath5k]\nWrite of size 1 at addr ffff8880174a4d60 by task modprobe/214\n\nCPU: 0 PID: 214 Comm: modprobe Not tainted 5.6.0 #1\nCall Trace:\n dump_stack+0x76/0xa0\n print_address_description.constprop.0+0x16/0x200\n ? ath5k_eeprom_read_pcal_info_5111+0x126a/0x1390 [ath5k]\n ? ath5k_eeprom_read_pcal_info_5111+0x126a/0x1390 [ath5k]\n __kasan_report.cold+0x37/0x7c\n ? ath5k_eeprom_read_pcal_info_5111+0x126a/0x1390 [ath5k]\n kasan_report+0xe/0x20\n ath5k_eeprom_read_pcal_info_5111+0x126a/0x1390 [ath5k]\n ? apic_timer_interrupt+0xa/0x20\n ? ath5k_eeprom_init_11a_pcal_freq+0xbc0/0xbc0 [ath5k]\n ? ath5k_pci_eeprom_read+0x228/0x3c0 [ath5k]\n ath5k_eeprom_init+0x2513/0x6290 [ath5k]\n ? ath5k_eeprom_init_11a_pcal_freq+0xbc0/0xbc0 [ath5k]\n ? usleep_range+0xb8/0x100\n ? apic_timer_interrupt+0xa/0x20\n ? ath5k_eeprom_read_pcal_info_2413+0x2f20/0x2f20 [ath5k]\n ath5k_hw_init+0xb60/0x1970 [ath5k]\n ath5k_init_ah+0x6fe/0x2530 [ath5k]\n ? kasprintf+0xa6/0xe0\n ? ath5k_stop+0x140/0x140 [ath5k]\n ? _dev_notice+0xf6/0xf6\n ? apic_timer_interrupt+0xa/0x20\n ath5k_pci_probe.cold+0x29a/0x3d6 [ath5k]\n ? ath5k_pci_eeprom_read+0x3c0/0x3c0 [ath5k]\n ? mutex_lock+0x89/0xd0\n ? ath5k_pci_eeprom_read+0x3c0/0x3c0 [ath5k]\n local_pci_probe+0xd3/0x160\n pci_device_probe+0x23f/0x3e0\n ? pci_device_remove+0x280/0x280\n ? pci_device_remove+0x280/0x280\n really_probe+0x209/0x5d0"
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbtrfs: make sure that WRITTEN is set on all metadata blocks\n\nWe previously would call btrfs_check_leaf() if we had the check\nintegrity code enabled, which meant that we could only run the extended\nleaf checks if we had WRITTEN set on the header flags.\n\nThis leaves a gap in our checking, because we could end up with\ncorruption on disk where WRITTEN isn\u0027t set on the leaf, and then the\nextended leaf checks don\u0027t get run which we rely on to validate all of\nthe item pointers to make sure we don\u0027t access memory outside of the\nextent buffer.\n\nHowever, since 732fab95abe2 (\"btrfs: check-integrity: remove\nCONFIG_BTRFS_FS_CHECK_INTEGRITY option\") we no longer call\nbtrfs_check_leaf() from btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(), which means we only\never call it on blocks that are being written out, and thus have WRITTEN\nset, or that are being read in, which should have WRITTEN set.\n\nAdd checks to make sure we have WRITTEN set appropriately, and then make\nsure __btrfs_check_leaf() always does the item checking.  This will\nprotect us from file systems that have been corrupted and no longer have\nWRITTEN set on some of the blocks.\n\nThis was hit on a crafted image tweaking the WRITTEN bit and reported by\nKASAN as out-of-bound access in the eb accessors. The example is a dir\nitem at the end of an eb.\n\n  [2.042] BTRFS warning (device loop1): bad eb member start: ptr 0x3fff start 30572544 member offset 16410 size 2\n  [2.040] general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xe0009d1000000003: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP KASAN NOPTI\n  [2.537] KASAN: maybe wild-memory-access in range [0x0005088000000018-0x000508800000001f]\n  [2.729] CPU: 0 PID: 2587 Comm: mount Not tainted 6.8.2 #1\n  [2.729] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.15.0-1 04/01/2014\n  [2.621] RIP: 0010:btrfs_get_16+0x34b/0x6d0\n  [2.621] RSP: 0018:ffff88810871fab8 EFLAGS: 00000206\n  [2.621] RAX: 0000a11000000003 RBX: ffff888104ff8720 RCX: ffff88811b2288c0\n  [2.621] RDX: dffffc0000000000 RSI: ffffffff81dd8aca RDI: ffff88810871f748\n  [2.621] RBP: 000000000000401a R08: 0000000000000001 R09: ffffed10210e3ee9\n  [2.621] R10: ffff88810871f74f R11: 205d323430333737 R12: 000000000000001a\n  [2.621] R13: 000508800000001a R14: 1ffff110210e3f5d R15: ffffffff850011e8\n  [2.621] FS:  00007f56ea275840(0000) GS:ffff88811b200000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\n  [2.621] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\n  [2.621] CR2: 00007febd13b75c0 CR3: 000000010bb50000 CR4: 00000000000006f0\n  [2.621] Call Trace:\n  [2.621]  \u003cTASK\u003e\n  [2.621]  ? show_regs+0x74/0x80\n  [2.621]  ? die_addr+0x46/0xc0\n  [2.621]  ? exc_general_protection+0x161/0x2a0\n  [2.621]  ? asm_exc_general_protection+0x26/0x30\n  [2.621]  ? btrfs_get_16+0x33a/0x6d0\n  [2.621]  ? btrfs_get_16+0x34b/0x6d0\n  [2.621]  ? btrfs_get_16+0x33a/0x6d0\n  [2.621]  ? __pfx_btrfs_get_16+0x10/0x10\n  [2.621]  ? __pfx_mutex_unlock+0x10/0x10\n  [2.621]  btrfs_match_dir_item_name+0x101/0x1a0\n  [2.621]  btrfs_lookup_dir_item+0x1f3/0x280\n  [2.621]  ? __pfx_btrfs_lookup_dir_item+0x10/0x10\n  [2.621]  btrfs_get_tree+0xd25/0x1910\n\n[ copy more details from report ]"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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          "scenarios": [
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The attack requires supplying a crafted btrfs image and having it mounted (or read) on the target \u2014 a local vector via loop device, udisks2/automount of removable media, or a user-mountable fstab entry. No network or remote peer parses this data.\nAC:L - Clearing the WRITTEN header bit and recomputing the block checksum is fully deterministic; the malformed dir item is dereferenced out of bounds on the very first lookup during mount, with no race or uncontrolled memory-layout precondition.\nPR:L - A local unprivileged account is sufficient on common deployments where udisks2/automount lets an active session mount an attacker-provided image or USB device; no root in the initial namespace is needed to place and mount the crafted filesystem.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the mount themselves (loop-mount or device insertion triggering automount); no separate victim has to act, and the crash/OOB happens during mount itself in `btrfs_lookup_dir_item()`.\nS:U - The out-of-bounds access and any resulting corruption stay within the kernel\u0027s own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Skipping `check_dir_item()`/`check_extent_data()` lets attacker-controlled offsets index past `eb-\u003efolios[]`, turning an adjacent heap value into a `struct folio *` that is dereferenced \u2014 an effectively arbitrary kernel-memory read, and OOB item data (names, inline extents) can be copied back to userspace via readdir/getxattr/read.\nI:H - The same unvalidated offsets drive the `btrfs_set_*`/`write_extent_buffer()` and `memmove_extent_buffer()` paths \u2014 e.g. `btrfs_delete_one_dir_name()` underflows its length from an unchecked `name_len` \u2014 giving an out-of-bounds write through a wild folio pointer that is exploitable for control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - The reported result is an immediate general protection fault / KASAN wild-memory-access during mount (kernel oops), and the underflowed truncate path reaches a BUG(); the crash is reproducible on demand."
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      "providerMetadata": {
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        {
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        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e03418abde871314e1a3a550f4c8afb7b89cb273"
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      ],
      "title": "btrfs: make sure that WRITTEN is set on all metadata blocks",
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        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
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  "cveMetadata": {
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2024-35949",
    "datePublished": "2024-05-20T09:17:38.893Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-05-17T13:50:33.134Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:31:08.601Z",
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              "baseScore": 7.1,
              "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
              "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
              "integrityImpact": "NONE",
              "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
              "scope": "UNCHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
              "version": "3.1"
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          },
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              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2024-50115",
                "options": [
                  {
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                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
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                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-10-01T20:21:56.032296Z",
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              {
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                "description": "CWE-125 Out-of-bounds Read",
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                "type": "CWE"
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          }
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          "dateUpdated": "2025-10-01T20:27:17.080Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      },
      {
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          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T22:25:38.622Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
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          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
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          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "e4e517b4be019787ada4cbbce2f04570c21b0cbd",
              "versionType": "git"
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              "status": "affected",
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              "version": "0",
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              "status": "unaffected",
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            {
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.170",
              "versionType": "semver"
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            {
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              "version": "6.1.115",
              "versionType": "semver"
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            {
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.11.6",
              "versionType": "semver"
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            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: nSVM: Ignore nCR3[4:0] when loading PDPTEs from memory\n\nIgnore nCR3[4:0] when loading PDPTEs from memory for nested SVM, as bits\n4:0 of CR3 are ignored when PAE paging is used, and thus VMRUN doesn\u0027t\nenforce 32-byte alignment of nCR3.\n\nIn the absolute worst case scenario, failure to ignore bits 4:0 can result\nin an out-of-bounds read, e.g. if the target page is at the end of a\nmemslot, and the VMM isn\u0027t using guard pages.\n\nPer the APM:\n\n  The CR3 register points to the base address of the page-directory-pointer\n  table. The page-directory-pointer table is aligned on a 32-byte boundary,\n  with the low 5 address bits 4:0 assumed to be 0.\n\nAnd the SDM\u0027s much more explicit:\n\n  4:0    Ignored\n\nNote, KVM gets this right when loading PDPTRs, it\u0027s only the nSVM flow\nthat is broken."
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              "value": "AV:L - The attacker must execute code on the host machine, specifically CPL0 inside an L1 guest, issuing VMRUN with an attacker-chosen nCR3; there is no network protocol involved. Guest-to-host attacks against KVM are scored as local access to the host.\nAC:L - Every precondition is under the attacker\u0027s control \u2014 L1 chooses 32-bit PAE mode, sets the NPT enable bit, and sets nCR3[4:0]; nested SVM and NPT are enabled by default in kvm_amd, and nCR3 receives no alignment validation, so the out-of-bounds read triggers deterministically on the first VMRUN. The guest knows its own e820 map and can aim at a memslot-terminating gfn and retry against every memslot boundary.\nPR:L - The attacker needs kernel-level (CPL0) control of a guest VM whose CPUID exposes SVM \u2014 i.e. an ordinary tenant VM on a nested-virtualization-enabled AMD host, which is a low privilege level relative to the host kernel being attacked. No host-side root or /dev/kvm privileges beyond running one\u0027s own VM are required.\nUI:N - Exploitation is entirely driven by instructions the attacker executes in its own guest; no host administrator or other user needs to take any action.\nS:C - The vulnerable component is KVM in the host kernel, but the impacted resource is host VMM process memory lying outside the guest\u0027s memslot, so the attack crosses the guest/host security boundary. This is the classic KVM guest-to-host scope change.\nC:H - Up to 31 bytes past the end of every memslot in the host VMM\u0027s address space can be read, and the value is recoverable by the guest through the shadow-NPT root oracle in mmu_alloc_shadow_roots(), disclosing host heap contents and pointers that defeat host ASLR. It is repeatable at each memslot boundary, so it is not strictly bounded to a few bytes at one fixed location.\nI:N - The defect is purely a read; the resulting PDPTE only influences translations that remain gated by kvm_vcpu_is_visible_gfn() and normal memslot lookup, and any accessed/dirty writes land in the attacker\u0027s own L1 memory. No host memory is corrupted and no control-flow primitive is produced.\nA:H - In affected v6.12-rc1..rc4 kernels the same guest-controlled offset trips the WARN_ON_ONCE(offset + len \u003e PAGE_SIZE) hardening check in __kvm_read_guest_page(), giving a guest-triggerable host kernel WARN that panics the entire host \u2014 and all co-resident VMs \u2014 on the widely used panic_on_warn=1 configuration."
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      "title": "KVM: nSVM: Ignore nCR3[4:0] when loading PDPTEs from memory",
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              "value": "AV:L - Exploitation is driven entirely through local syscalls on ALSA character devices (`/dev/snd/pcmC*D*`, `/dev/snd/midiC*D*`) \u2014 the attacker holds an fd open across the card teardown, sprays the kernel heap to reclaim the freed `pcm_runtime`/`midi_runtime`, and then triggers the dereference with `close()`. This matches the AV:L scoring used for the sibling ALSA-USB disconnect CVEs in the same patch series (CVE-2024-56531).\nAC:L - There is no race to win: the free happens at teardown and the use happens at a moment the attacker chooses (`close()`), so the reclaim window is unbounded and the attacker can spray the corresponding kmalloc caches at leisure. The object sizes are stable and deterministic, making reliable reclaim straightforward.\nPR:L - The attacker only needs an ordinary unprivileged local account with access to the sound devices \u2014 granted by default to the active seat via systemd-logind uaccess ACLs or `audio` group membership. No capability, root, or namespace privilege is required.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step themselves \u2014 opening the PCM/MIDI device, causing the card teardown, spraying the heap, and closing the fd. No action by a separate victim user is needed for the use-after-free to fire.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel heap memory managed by the same kernel security authority; there is no crossing of a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary.\nC:H - The freed `pcm_runtime`/`midi_runtime`/`comm_runtime`/`control_runtime` objects are reclaimable by attacker-controlled or victim-owned allocations, and the driver then reads chained pointers (`rt-\u003echip-\u003econtrol`, `rt-\u003echip-\u003edev`, `sub-\u003einstance-\u003eruntime`) out of them, giving an attacker-steerable read primitive into arbitrary kernel memory.\nI:H - `usb6fire_pcm_close()` writes into the freed object (`sub-\u003einstance`, `sub-\u003eactive`, `rt-\u003estream_state`, `rt-\u003erate`) and `usb6fire_pcm_stream_stop()` performs an indirect call via `ctrl_rt-\u003eupdate_streaming()` \u2014 a function pointer read from reclaimed memory; the rawmidi path additionally calls `usb_submit_urb()` on a freed embedded `struct urb`, yielding a controlled `urb-\u003ecomplete` callback and full control-flow hijack potential.\nA:H - Even without controlled reclaim, dereferencing and locking the freed structures (`mutex_lock(\u0026rt-\u003estream_mutex)`, `spin_lock_irqsave(\u0026rt-\u003eout_lock)`) on poisoned or reused slab memory reliably produces an oops, lock corruption, or kernel panic, taking the system down."
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                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "3.0.8",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nhfsplus: don\u0027t query the device logical block size multiple times\n\nDevices block sizes may change. One of these cases is a loop device by\nusing ioctl LOOP_SET_BLOCK_SIZE.\n\nWhile this may cause other issues like IO being rejected, in the case of\nhfsplus, it will allocate a block by using that size and potentially write\nout-of-bounds when hfsplus_read_wrapper calls hfsplus_submit_bio and the\nlatter function reads a different io_size.\n\nUsing a new min_io_size initally set to sb_min_blocksize works for the\npurposes of the original fix, since it will be set to the max between\nHFSPLUS_SECTOR_SIZE and the first seen logical block size. We still use the\nmax between HFSPLUS_SECTOR_SIZE and min_io_size in case the latter is not\ninitialized.\n\nTested by mounting an hfsplus filesystem with loop block sizes 512, 1024\nand 4096.\n\nThe produced KASAN report before the fix looks like this:\n\n[  419.944641] ==================================================================\n[  419.945655] BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in hfsplus_read_wrapper+0x659/0xa0a\n[  419.946703] Read of size 2 at addr ffff88800721fc00 by task repro/10678\n[  419.947612]\n[  419.947846] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 10678 Comm: repro Not tainted 6.12.0-rc5-00008-gdf56e0f2f3ca #84\n[  419.949007] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.15.0-1 04/01/2014\n[  419.950035] Call Trace:\n[  419.950384]  \u003cTASK\u003e\n[  419.950676]  dump_stack_lvl+0x57/0x78\n[  419.951212]  ? hfsplus_read_wrapper+0x659/0xa0a\n[  419.951830]  print_report+0x14c/0x49e\n[  419.952361]  ? __virt_addr_valid+0x267/0x278\n[  419.952979]  ? kmem_cache_debug_flags+0xc/0x1d\n[  419.953561]  ? hfsplus_read_wrapper+0x659/0xa0a\n[  419.954231]  kasan_report+0x89/0xb0\n[  419.954748]  ? hfsplus_read_wrapper+0x659/0xa0a\n[  419.955367]  hfsplus_read_wrapper+0x659/0xa0a\n[  419.955948]  ? __pfx_hfsplus_read_wrapper+0x10/0x10\n[  419.956618]  ? do_raw_spin_unlock+0x59/0x1a9\n[  419.957214]  ? _raw_spin_unlock+0x1a/0x2e\n[  419.957772]  hfsplus_fill_super+0x348/0x1590\n[  419.958355]  ? hlock_class+0x4c/0x109\n[  419.958867]  ? __pfx_hfsplus_fill_super+0x10/0x10\n[  419.959499]  ? __pfx_string+0x10/0x10\n[  419.960006]  ? lock_acquire+0x3e2/0x454\n[  419.960532]  ? bdev_name.constprop.0+0xce/0x243\n[  419.961129]  ? __pfx_bdev_name.constprop.0+0x10/0x10\n[  419.961799]  ? pointer+0x3f0/0x62f\n[  419.962277]  ? __pfx_pointer+0x10/0x10\n[  419.962761]  ? vsnprintf+0x6c4/0xfba\n[  419.963178]  ? __pfx_vsnprintf+0x10/0x10\n[  419.963621]  ? setup_bdev_super+0x376/0x3b3\n[  419.964029]  ? snprintf+0x9d/0xd2\n[  419.964344]  ? __pfx_snprintf+0x10/0x10\n[  419.964675]  ? lock_acquired+0x45c/0x5e9\n[  419.965016]  ? set_blocksize+0x139/0x1c1\n[  419.965381]  ? sb_set_blocksize+0x6d/0xae\n[  419.965742]  ? __pfx_hfsplus_fill_super+0x10/0x10\n[  419.966179]  mount_bdev+0x12f/0x1bf\n[  419.966512]  ? __pfx_mount_bdev+0x10/0x10\n[  419.966886]  ? vfs_parse_fs_string+0xce/0x111\n[  419.967293]  ? __pfx_vfs_parse_fs_string+0x10/0x10\n[  419.967702]  ? __pfx_hfsplus_mount+0x10/0x10\n[  419.968073]  legacy_get_tree+0x104/0x178\n[  419.968414]  vfs_get_tree+0x86/0x296\n[  419.968751]  path_mount+0xba3/0xd0b\n[  419.969157]  ? __pfx_path_mount+0x10/0x10\n[  419.969594]  ? kmem_cache_free+0x1e2/0x260\n[  419.970311]  do_mount+0x99/0xe0\n[  419.970630]  ? __pfx_do_mount+0x10/0x10\n[  419.971008]  __do_sys_mount+0x199/0x1c9\n[  419.971397]  do_syscall_64+0xd0/0x135\n[  419.971761]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n[  419.972233] RIP: 0033:0x7c3cb812972e\n[  419.972564] Code: 48 8b 0d f5 46 0d 00 f7 d8 64 89 01 48 83 c8 ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 90 f3 0f 1e fa 49 89 ca b8 a5 00 00 00 0f 05 \u003c48\u003e 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 8b 0d c2 46 0d 00 f7 d8 64 89 01 48\n[  419.974371] RSP: 002b:00007ffe30632548 EFLAGS: 00000286 ORIG_RAX: 00000000000000a5\n[  419.975048] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007ffe306328d8 RCX: 00007c3cb812972e\n[  419.975701] RDX: 0000000020000000 RSI: 0000000020000c80 RDI:\n---truncated---"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The attack requires local access to issue the `mount()` syscall on an hfsplus image and a concurrent `LOOP_SET_BLOCK_SIZE` ioctl on the backing loop device. There is no remote or adjacent-network path into `hfsplus_read_wrapper()`.\nAC:L - Although this is a race, the attacker controls both sides \u2014 they initiate the mount and drive the block-size ioctl from another thread \u2014 and can retry indefinitely; the window spans `hfsplus_get_last_session()`, two kmallocs and full bio round-trips through the `reread:` path, making it wide and reliably winnable.\nPR:L - `LOOP_SET_BLOCK_SIZE` needs only a writable loop fd with no CAP_SYS_ADMIN check, and the mount side is reachable by a low-privileged local user on the many deployments that delegate mounting (udisks2/autofs removable-media automount on desktops, Android/ChromeOS external HFS+ media, containers granted CAP_SYS_ADMIN), matching the CNA\u0027s established scoring for hfsplus mount-path flaws.\nUI:N - The attacker performs both the loop-device setup/ioctl and the mount themselves; no action by a separate victim user is needed.\nS:U - The heap corruption occurs in kernel memory and is exploited within the same kernel security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - `*data = (u8 *)buf + offset` is computed with the enlarged io_size, so `sbi-\u003es_vhdr`/`s_backup_vhdr` point outside the allocation and the code reads adjacent (including freed) slab memory, and the resulting slab corruption can be leveraged into a broader kernel-memory read primitive.\nI:H - The bio is built over up to PAGE_SIZE bytes starting at a 512-byte slab object, so the block read writes thousands of bytes of attacker-chosen loop backing-file content over neighbouring kmalloc objects \u2014 a controlled slab out-of-bounds write suitable for control-flow hijacking and privilege escalation.\nA:H - The out-of-bounds access reliably corrupts adjacent slab objects and triggers a KASAN slab-use-after-free/oops as shown in the commit log, readily causing a kernel panic."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:44:57.408Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/baccb5e12577b7a9eff54ffba301fdaa0f3ee5a8"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f57725bcc5816425e25218fdf5fb6923bc578cdf"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e8a2b1c1c2ea85e9a5a2d0c5a5a7e7c639feb866"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/06cbfbb13ac88f4154c2eb4bc4176f9d10139847"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3d7bda75e1a6239db053c73acde17ca146317824"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/21900e8478126ff6afe3b66679f676e74d1f8830"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2667c9b7b76efcbc7adbfea249892f20c313b0da"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bfeecda050aa9376f642d5b2a71c4112cc6c8216"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1c82587cb57687de3f18ab4b98a8850c789bedcf"
        }
      ],
      "title": "hfsplus: don\u0027t query the device logical block size multiple times",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2024-56548",
    "datePublished": "2024-12-27T14:11:29.373Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-12-27T14:03:05.989Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:44:57.408Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}