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              "value": "AV:L - Creating and managing ipvlan devices requires local access via netlink/rtnetlink syscalls. This is not remotely reachable.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race by creating multiple ipvlan devices on the same port and triggering concurrent open/address-change operations. The race is reliably reproducible with retries.\nPR:L - ipvlan creation requires CAP_NET_ADMIN, which is obtainable via user namespaces (unshare -Urn) on a veth device. The ns_capable check on the physical device\u0027s user_ns is satisfied when both are in the user\u0027s namespace.\nUI:N - No user interaction is needed. The attacker can create ipvlan devices and trigger the race entirely on their own.\nS:U - This is a standard kernel privilege escalation vulnerability with no security boundary crossing (no VM escape, no IOMMU bypass).\nC:H - The race leads to a use-after-free in the per-port hash table used on the packet data path. The dangling pointer allows reading freed/reallocated memory contents during hash table lookups.\nI:H - The UAF in the hash table allows an attacker to reallocate the freed ipvl_addr structure with controlled data, enabling heap spraying and potential code execution through corrupted hash table entries.\nA:H - The dangling pointer in the hash table will cause a kernel crash when the freed memory is accessed during packet processing, leading to a kernel oops or panic."
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: SEV: Require in-GHCB scratch area if GHCB v2+ is in use\n\nAs per the GHCB spec, when using GHCB v2+ require the software scratch area\nto reside in the GHCB\u0027s shared buffer.  Note, things like Page State Change\n(PSC) requests _rely_ on this behavior, as the guest can\u0027t provide a length\nwhen making the request, i.e. the size of the guest payload is bounded by\nthe size of the shared buffer.\n\nFailure to force usage of the GHCB, and a slew of other flaws, lets a\nmalicious SNP guest corrupt host kernel heap memory, and leak host heap\nlayout information.\n\nsetup_vmgexit_scratch() allocates a buffer via kvzalloc(exit_info_2),\nwhere exit_info_2 is guest-controlled. With exit_info_2=24, this yields\na 24-byte allocation in kmalloc-cg-32 (32-byte slab objects). The buffer\nholds an 8-byte psc_hdr followed by 8-byte psc_entry structs, so only\nentries[0] and entries[1] are in-bounds.\n\nsnp_begin_psc() validates end_entry against VMGEXIT_PSC_MAX_COUNT (253)\nbut NOT against the actual buffer size:\n\n      idx_end = hdr-\u003eend_entry;\n\n      if (idx_end \u003e= VMGEXIT_PSC_MAX_COUNT) {   // checks 253, not buffer\n          snp_complete_psc(svm, ...);\n          return 1;\n      }\n\n      for (idx = idx_start; idx \u003c= idx_end; idx++) {\n          entry_start = entries[idx];           // OOB when idx \u003e= 2\n\nThe guest sets end_entry=10+, causing the host to iterate entries[2+]\nwhich are OOB into adjacent slab objects. For each OOB entry:\n\n  - The host reads 8 bytes (OOB READ / info leak oracle)\n  - If the data passes PSC validation, __snp_complete_one_psc() writes\n    cur_page = 1 or 512 into the entry (OOB WRITE, sev.c:3806)\n  - If validation fails, the error response reveals whether adjacent\n    memory is zero vs non-zero (information disclosure to guest)\n\nThe guest controls allocation size (exit_info_2), entry range\n(cur_entry/end_entry), and can fire unlimited VMGEXITs to repeatedly\nhit different slab positions.\n\nBy exploiting the variety of bugs, a malicious SEV-SNP guest can:\n    - OOB read adjacent kmalloc-cg-32 objects (heap layout disclosure)\n    - OOB write cur_page bits into adjacent objects (heap corruption)\n    - Trigger use-after-free conditions across VMGEXITs\n\nE.g. with KASAN enabled, a single insmod of the PoC guest module\nproduces 73 KASAN reports:\n\n    BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in snp_begin_psc+0x126/0x890\n    Read of size 8 at addr ffff888219ffb5e0 by task qemu-system-x86/2199\n\n    BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in snp_begin_psc+0x468/0x890\n    Write of size 8 at addr ffff888351566648 by task qemu-system-x86/2199\n\n    The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff888XXXXXXXXX\n     which belongs to the cache kmalloc-cg-32 of size 32\n    The buggy address is located N bytes to the right of\n     allocated 32-byte region [ffff888XXXXXXXXX, ffff888XXXXXXXXX)\n\n  Breakdown:\n    62 slab-out-of-bounds (reads + writes past allocation)\n     7 slab-use-after-free\n     4 use-after-free\n\nAll credit to Stan for the wonderful description and reproducer!\n\n[sean: write changelog]"
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is reached by running a SEV-SNP vCPU through KVM and issuing a guest-controlled VMGEXIT PSC request, not by remote packets or adjacent/physical access.\nAC:L - The guest directly controls the scratch pointer/length and PSC entry bounds, and can repeatedly issue malformed VMGEXITs without needing external races or rare timing conditions.\nPR:L - Exploitation requires the ability to run or control a SEV-SNP guest/KVM vCPU, which is a low-privilege local or tenant capability rather than real host root in the init namespace.\nUI:N - Once the attacker controls the malicious guest or VM process, no additional victim action is required to trigger the VMGEXIT handling path.\nS:C - The bug lets a malicious guest corrupt and disclose host kernel heap memory, crossing the guest-to-host virtualization security boundary.\nC:H - The OOB reads and error oracle leak adjacent host heap contents/layout, and the associated memory corruption/UAF behavior is sufficient to treat confidentiality impact as high.\nI:H - The vulnerable path performs OOB writes into adjacent host slab objects and can trigger UAF conditions, making host kernel memory corruption and potential control-flow compromise defensible.\nA:H - The bug produces host kernel slab OOB writes/reads and UAF reports and can crash or destabilize the host kernel, giving high availability impact."
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    "cveId": "CVE-2026-53360",
    "datePublished": "2026-07-04T11:53:58.657Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-06-09T07:44:35.400Z",
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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nidpf: fix read_dev_clk_lock spinlock init in idpf_ptp_init()\n\nIn idpf_ptp_init(), read_dev_clk_lock is initialized after\nptp_schedule_worker() had already been called (and after\nidpf_ptp_settime64() could reach the lock). The PTP aux worker\nfires immediately upon scheduling and can call into\nidpf_ptp_read_src_clk_reg_direct(), which takes\nspin_lock(\u0026ptp-\u003eread_dev_clk_lock) on an uninitialized lock, triggering\nthe lockdep \"non-static key\" warning:\n\n[12973.796587] idpf 0000:83:00.0: Device HW Reset initiated\n[12974.094507] INFO: trying to register non-static key.\n...\n[12974.097208] Call Trace:\n[12974.097213]  \u003cTASK\u003e\n[12974.097218]  dump_stack_lvl+0x93/0xe0\n[12974.097234]  register_lock_class+0x4c4/0x4e0\n[12974.097249]  ? __lock_acquire+0x427/0x2290\n[12974.097259]  __lock_acquire+0x98/0x2290\n[12974.097272]  lock_acquire+0xc6/0x310\n[12974.097281]  ? idpf_ptp_read_src_clk_reg+0xb7/0x150 [idpf]\n[12974.097311]  ? lockdep_hardirqs_on_prepare+0xde/0x190\n[12974.097318]  ? finish_task_switch.isra.0+0xd2/0x350\n[12974.097330]  ? __pfx_ptp_aux_kworker+0x10/0x10 [ptp]\n[12974.097343]  _raw_spin_lock+0x30/0x40\n[12974.097353]  ? idpf_ptp_read_src_clk_reg+0xb7/0x150 [idpf]\n[12974.097373]  idpf_ptp_read_src_clk_reg+0xb7/0x150 [idpf]\n[12974.097391]  ? kthread_worker_fn+0x88/0x3d0\n[12974.097404]  ? kthread_worker_fn+0x4e/0x3d0\n[12974.097411]  idpf_ptp_update_cached_phctime+0x26/0x120 [idpf]\n[12974.097428]  ? _raw_spin_unlock_irq+0x28/0x50\n[12974.097436]  idpf_ptp_do_aux_work+0x15/0x20 [idpf]\n[12974.097454]  ptp_aux_kworker+0x20/0x40 [ptp]\n[12974.097464]  kthread_worker_fn+0xd5/0x3d0\n[12974.097474]  ? __pfx_kthread_worker_fn+0x10/0x10\n[12974.097482]  kthread+0xf4/0x130\n[12974.097489]  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\n[12974.097498]  ret_from_fork+0x32c/0x410\n[12974.097512]  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\n[12974.097519]  ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30\n[12974.097540]  \u003c/TASK\u003e\n\nMove the call to spin_lock_init() up a bit to make sure read_dev_clk_lock\nis not touched before it\u0027s been initialized."
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/da4f76b6a84ede14a71282ef841768299ead0221"
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      "title": "idpf: fix read_dev_clk_lock spinlock init in idpf_ptp_init()",
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nSUNRPC: pin upper rpc_clnt across the TLS connect_worker\n\nThe TLS connect path has a use-after-free: nothing pins the\nupper rpc_clnt across the delayed connect_worker. xs_connect()\nstores task-\u003etk_client in sock_xprt::clnt as a raw pointer\nand queues the worker; for TLS-secured transports that worker\nis xs_tcp_tls_setup_socket(), which reads several fields out\nof the saved pointer (cl_timeout, cl_program, cl_prog,\ncl_vers, cl_cred, cl_stats) to construct the args for the\ninner handshake rpc_clnt.\n\nThe xprt does not reference the rpc_clnt; the rpc_clnt\nreferences the xprt. xs_destroy() does cancel the\nconnect_worker, but it runs only when the xprt\u0027s refcount\ndrops to zero, which cannot happen until the rpc_clnt\nreleases its cl_xprt reference in rpc_free_client_work().\nWhen a TLS handshake fails fatally (for example, an mTLS\nmount whose client cert does not match the server), the\nconnecting task is woken with -EACCES and exits, the mount\ncaller invokes rpc_shutdown_client(), and the upper rpc_clnt\nis freed before the queued connect_worker fires.\nxs_tcp_tls_setup_socket() then dereferences the freed clnt,\nproducing the refcount_t underflow Michael Nemanov reported.\n\nTake a reference on the upper rpc_clnt in xs_connect() for\nTLS transports via a new rpc_hold_client() helper, and drop\nit in the connect_worker\u0027s exit path with rpc_release_client().\nThe xprt_lock_connect() / xprt_unlock_connect() pairing\nalready serialises xs_connect() with xs_tcp_tls_setup_socket(),\nso the take and release are balanced one-for-one.\n\nThe non-TLS connect worker (xs_tcp_setup_socket) never reads\nsock_xprt::clnt, so leave that path alone and avoid the\nclnt-holds-xprt-holds-clnt cycle that would otherwise prevent\nxprt destruction."
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              "value": "AV:N - The flaw is in the SUNRPC TCP-with-TLS client connect_worker processing a remote NFS server\u0027s TLS handshake; a malicious or misconfigured server can induce fatal handshake failure over the network before the delayed worker runs, matching network-reachable kTLS/RPC-with-TLS client paths.\nAC:L - An attacker operating a reachable NFS endpoint can reliably cause fatal TLS handshake failure (e.g., reject mTLS client certificates or send TLS alerts) and influence reconnect timing/backoff so client teardown frees rpc_clnt before the queued connect_worker executes.\nPR:N - Exploitation requires no privileges on the victim host; a remote peer only needs the client kernel to initiate or re-establish an NFS RPC-with-TLS connection, and TLS handshake processing occurs before NFS authentication completes.\nUI:N - No further victim action is needed once an NFS xprtsec=tls/mtls mount exists because automatic reconnect after server-induced disconnect or handshake failure can trigger the race without additional user interaction.\nS:U - Impact is confined to kernel memory corruption and privilege boundaries within the same host; this is standard local kernel compromise rather than crossing VM, container, or IOMMU security scopes.\nC:H - This is a kernel heap use-after-free where xs_tcp_tls_setup_socket reads multiple fields from a freed rpc_clnt (including cl_cred and cl_program), enabling information disclosure and further exploitation beyond a simple crash.\nI:H - Use-after-free of rpc_clnt permits corrupting allocator metadata and adjacent kernel objects; freed-object reuse can yield arbitrary write or control-flow hijack primitives, not merely authenticated data alteration.\nA:H - Accessing the freed rpc_clnt produces a refcount_t underflow and kernel oops/panic; even unsuccessful exploitation typically crashes or hangs the system, and repeated reconnect attempts can deny availability."
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                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.2",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "3.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nipvlan: inherit needed_headroom and needed_tailroom from phy_dev\n\nipvlan devices inherit hard_header_len from phy_dev during ipvlan_init(),\nbut leave needed_headroom and needed_tailroom set to 0.\n\nWhen the underlying phy_dev (or stacked lower device) requires extra headroom\nor tailroom for headers/trailers (e.g. macsec, ipsec, wireguard, tunnels, or\nveth with rx headroom), upper layers calculating packet headroom and tailroom\nfail to reserve sufficient space.\n\nThis can result in reallocation overhead, skb headroom underflows, or KASAN\nslab-use-after-free crashes when dev_hard_header() / ipvlan_hard_header()\nprepends header data or when lower devices append tailroom.\n\nFix this by:\n1. Inheriting needed_headroom and needed_tailroom from phy_dev in ipvlan_init().\n2. Propagating needed_headroom and needed_tailroom updates to attached ipvlans\n   in ipvlan_device_event() when receiving NETDEV_FEAT_CHANGE events."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 9.8,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - On hosts where admins deployed ipvlan over phy_dev with non-zero headroom (WireGuard/IPsec/macsec/tunnels/veth-XDP), remote packets that trigger egress through the ipvlan netdev (TCP/UDP/ICMP responses, forwarded traffic) reach ipvlan_hard_header/dev_hard_header without local syscalls.\nAC:L - Once the stacked netdev exists, the attacker controls packet sizes and connection patterns to deterministically undersize skb headroom/tailroom; syzbot reproduced KASAN slab-UAF without races or uncontrollable memory layout.\nPR:N - Remote exploitation on pre-deployed ipvlan-over-encrypted/tunneled container or VPN hosts requires no credentials\u2014only network reachability to services using that netdev; CAP_NET_ADMIN is only needed for the alternate local user-namespace setup path.\nUI:N - No victim interaction is required; the attacker either sends crafted network traffic to trigger kernel TX through ipvlan or self-configures the netdev stack via rtnetlink inside a user namespace.\nS:U - Impact is kernel slab skb/net_device memory corruption and local privilege escalation within the same kernel security authority, not a VM escape, IOMMU bypass, or other cross-boundary scope change.\nC:H - Insufficient LL_RESERVED_SPACE causes pskb_expand_head to free still-referenced skb data and dev_hard_header skb_push to access memory outside the buffer; the fix cites KASAN slab-use-after-free, enabling arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - Slab UAF and skb headroom underflow during header prepend give heap-grooming and controlled overwrite primitives on attacker-influenced TX paths, suitable for kernel control-flow hijacking and code execution.\nA:H - Undersized headroom triggers skb_under_panic BUG and KASAN-reported slab-use-after-free oops/panic from softirq/TX paths; remote or local attackers can retrigger repeatedly for reliable kernel denial of service."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T05:01:05.284Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/af602c4d0ee548da18e2409b4b4da1079625a372"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f3c17ff65f54781cde696e16a6c577615ed735aa"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c0fbe31f6b20ade0465130685859faa5c86fda59"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5f33188457bbcc1b11ca87084037963c516ed3d9"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5c2ca77212eb38559b0353b8363b7a84f4b019dd"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e16e960d55a40d36bd7c2494cc005e757dc9a1ef"
        }
      ],
      "title": "ipvlan: inherit needed_headroom and needed_tailroom from phy_dev",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-74744",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-26T14:36:54.773Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-15T05:44:03.931Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T05:01:05.284Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}