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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntcp_bpf: Fix the sk_mem_uncharge logic in tcp_bpf_sendmsg\n\nThe current sk memory accounting logic in __SK_REDIRECT is pre-uncharging\ntosend bytes, which is either msg-\u003esg.size or a smaller value apply_bytes.\n\nPotential problems with this strategy are as follows:\n\n- If the actual sent bytes are smaller than tosend, we need to charge some\n  bytes back, as in line 487, which is okay but seems not clean.\n\n- When tosend is set to apply_bytes, as in line 417, and (ret \u003c 0), we may\n  miss uncharging (msg-\u003esg.size - apply_bytes) bytes.\n\n[...]\n415 tosend = msg-\u003esg.size;\n416 if (psock-\u003eapply_bytes \u0026\u0026 psock-\u003eapply_bytes \u003c tosend)\n417   tosend = psock-\u003eapply_bytes;\n[...]\n443 sk_msg_return(sk, msg, tosend);\n444 release_sock(sk);\n446 origsize = msg-\u003esg.size;\n447 ret = tcp_bpf_sendmsg_redir(sk_redir, redir_ingress,\n448                             msg, tosend, flags);\n449 sent = origsize - msg-\u003esg.size;\n[...]\n454 lock_sock(sk);\n455 if (unlikely(ret \u003c 0)) {\n456   int free = sk_msg_free_nocharge(sk, msg);\n458   if (!cork)\n459     *copied -= free;\n460 }\n[...]\n487 if (eval == __SK_REDIRECT)\n488   sk_mem_charge(sk, tosend - sent);\n[...]\n\nWhen running the selftest test_txmsg_redir_wait_sndmem with txmsg_apply,\nthe following warning will be reported:\n\n------------[ cut here ]------------\nWARNING: CPU: 6 PID: 57 at net/ipv4/af_inet.c:156 inet_sock_destruct+0x190/0x1a0\nModules linked in:\nCPU: 6 UID: 0 PID: 57 Comm: kworker/6:0 Not tainted 6.12.0-rc1.bm.1-amd64+ #43\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.12.0-1 04/01/2014\nWorkqueue: events sk_psock_destroy\nRIP: 0010:inet_sock_destruct+0x190/0x1a0\nRSP: 0018:ffffad0a8021fe08 EFLAGS: 00010206\nRAX: 0000000000000011 RBX: ffff9aab4475b900 RCX: ffff9aab481a0800\nRDX: 0000000000000303 RSI: 0000000000000011 RDI: ffff9aab4475b900\nRBP: ffff9aab4475b990 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffff9aab40050ec0\nR10: 0000000000000000 R11: ffff9aae6fdb1d01 R12: ffff9aab49c60400\nR13: ffff9aab49c60598 R14: ffff9aab49c60598 R15: dead000000000100\nFS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff9aae6fd80000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\nCS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\nCR2: 00007ffec7e47bd8 CR3: 00000001a1a1c004 CR4: 0000000000770ef0\nDR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000\nDR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400\nPKRU: 55555554\nCall Trace:\n\u003cTASK\u003e\n? __warn+0x89/0x130\n? inet_sock_destruct+0x190/0x1a0\n? report_bug+0xfc/0x1e0\n? handle_bug+0x5c/0xa0\n? exc_invalid_op+0x17/0x70\n? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x1a/0x20\n? inet_sock_destruct+0x190/0x1a0\n__sk_destruct+0x25/0x220\nsk_psock_destroy+0x2b2/0x310\nprocess_scheduled_works+0xa3/0x3e0\nworker_thread+0x117/0x240\n? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10\nkthread+0xcf/0x100\n? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\nret_from_fork+0x31/0x40\n? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\nret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30\n\u003c/TASK\u003e\n---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---\n\nIn __SK_REDIRECT, a more concise way is delaying the uncharging after sent\nbytes are finalized, and uncharge this value. When (ret \u003c 0), we shall\ninvoke sk_msg_free.\n\nSame thing happens in case __SK_DROP, when tosend is set to apply_bytes,\nwe may miss uncharging (msg-\u003esg.size - apply_bytes) bytes. The same\nwarning will be reported in selftest.\n\n[...]\n468 case __SK_DROP:\n469 default:\n470 sk_msg_free_partial(sk, msg, tosend);\n471 sk_msg_apply_bytes(psock, tosend);\n472 *copied -= (tosend + delta);\n473 return -EACCES;\n[...]\n\nSo instead of sk_msg_free_partial we can do sk_msg_free here."
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T20:56:15.744Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/905d82e6e77d16ec3e089c92b7b59a14899dfc1a"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dbedc7e142df5ea238a46fdd7462c1c42cd36a10"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0d6cd1151e26fc7c2d5daa85e8984aaa685a1a12"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/456f08d24afa51b5eb816c42e4ca1c44a247bd42"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/206d56f41a1509cadd06e2178c26cb830e45057d"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5c9e3bb43a354a2245caebbbbb4a5b8c034fdd56"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ca70b8baf2bd125b2a4d96e76db79375c07d7ff2"
        }
      ],
      "title": "tcp_bpf: Fix the sk_mem_uncharge logic in tcp_bpf_sendmsg",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
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    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2024-56633",
    "datePublished": "2024-12-27T15:02:31.273Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-12-27T15:00:39.838Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T20:56:15.744Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

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        "references": [
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            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00010.html"
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        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
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          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
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              "versionType": "git"
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            "arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h",
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            "arch/x86/kvm/vmx/main.c",
            "arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c",
            "arch/x86/kvm/vmx/x86_ops.h",
            "arch/x86/kvm/x86.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
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              "version": "5.7"
            },
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              "status": "unaffected",
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              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.182",
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            },
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.16",
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            },
            {
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.13.4",
              "versionType": "semver"
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            {
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              "status": "unaffected",
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              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
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          "nodes": [
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              "cpeMatch": [
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                  "vulnerable": true
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                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86: Load DR6 with guest value only before entering .vcpu_run() loop\n\nMove the conditional loading of hardware DR6 with the guest\u0027s DR6 value\nout of the core .vcpu_run() loop to fix a bug where KVM can load hardware\nwith a stale vcpu-\u003earch.dr6.\n\nWhen the guest accesses a DR and host userspace isn\u0027t debugging the guest,\nKVM disables DR interception and loads the guest\u0027s values into hardware on\nVM-Enter and saves them on VM-Exit.  This allows the guest to access DRs\nat will, e.g. so that a sequence of DR accesses to configure a breakpoint\nonly generates one VM-Exit.\n\nFor DR0-DR3, the logic/behavior is identical between VMX and SVM, and also\nidentical between KVM_DEBUGREG_BP_ENABLED (userspace debugging the guest)\nand KVM_DEBUGREG_WONT_EXIT (guest using DRs), and so KVM handles loading\nDR0-DR3 in common code, _outside_ of the core kvm_x86_ops.vcpu_run() loop.\n\nBut for DR6, the guest\u0027s value doesn\u0027t need to be loaded into hardware for\nKVM_DEBUGREG_BP_ENABLED, and SVM provides a dedicated VMCB field whereas\nVMX requires software to manually load the guest value, and so loading the\nguest\u0027s value into DR6 is handled by {svm,vmx}_vcpu_run(), i.e. is done\n_inside_ the core run loop.\n\nUnfortunately, saving the guest values on VM-Exit is initiated by common\nx86, again outside of the core run loop.  If the guest modifies DR6 (in\nhardware, when DR interception is disabled), and then the next VM-Exit is\na fastpath VM-Exit, KVM will reload hardware DR6 with vcpu-\u003earch.dr6 and\nclobber the guest\u0027s actual value.\n\nThe bug shows up primarily with nested VMX because KVM handles the VMX\npreemption timer in the fastpath, and the window between hardware DR6\nbeing modified (in guest context) and DR6 being read by guest software is\norders of magnitude larger in a nested setup.  E.g. in non-nested, the\nVMX preemption timer would need to fire precisely between #DB injection\nand the #DB handler\u0027s read of DR6, whereas with a KVM-on-KVM setup, the\nwindow where hardware DR6 is \"dirty\" extends all the way from L1 writing\nDR6 to VMRESUME (in L1).\n\n    L1\u0027s view:\n    ==========\n    \u003cL1 disables DR interception\u003e\n           CPU 0/KVM-7289    [023] d....  2925.640961: kvm_entry: vcpu 0\n A:  L1 Writes DR6\n           CPU 0/KVM-7289    [023] d....  2925.640963: \u003chack\u003e: Set DRs, DR6 = 0xffff0ff1\n\n B:        CPU 0/KVM-7289    [023] d....  2925.640967: kvm_exit: vcpu 0 reason EXTERNAL_INTERRUPT intr_info 0x800000ec\n\n D: L1 reads DR6, arch.dr6 = 0\n           CPU 0/KVM-7289    [023] d....  2925.640969: \u003chack\u003e: Sync DRs, DR6 = 0xffff0ff0\n\n           CPU 0/KVM-7289    [023] d....  2925.640976: kvm_entry: vcpu 0\n    L2 reads DR6, L1 disables DR interception\n           CPU 0/KVM-7289    [023] d....  2925.640980: kvm_exit: vcpu 0 reason DR_ACCESS info1 0x0000000000000216\n           CPU 0/KVM-7289    [023] d....  2925.640983: kvm_entry: vcpu 0\n\n           CPU 0/KVM-7289    [023] d....  2925.640983: \u003chack\u003e: Set DRs, DR6 = 0xffff0ff0\n\n    L2 detects failure\n           CPU 0/KVM-7289    [023] d....  2925.640987: kvm_exit: vcpu 0 reason HLT\n    L1 reads DR6 (confirms failure)\n           CPU 0/KVM-7289    [023] d....  2925.640990: \u003chack\u003e: Sync DRs, DR6 = 0xffff0ff0\n\n    L0\u0027s view:\n    ==========\n    L2 reads DR6, arch.dr6 = 0\n          CPU 23/KVM-5046    [001] d....  3410.005610: kvm_exit: vcpu 23 reason DR_ACCESS info1 0x0000000000000216\n          CPU 23/KVM-5046    [001] .....  3410.005610: kvm_nested_vmexit: vcpu 23 reason DR_ACCESS info1 0x0000000000000216\n\n    L2 =\u003e L1 nested VM-Exit\n          CPU 23/KVM-5046    [001] .....  3410.005610: kvm_nested_vmexit_inject: reason: DR_ACCESS ext_inf1: 0x0000000000000216\n\n          CPU 23/KVM-5046    [001] d....  3410.005610: kvm_entry: vcpu 23\n          CPU 23/KVM-5046    [001] d....  3410.005611: kvm_exit: vcpu 23 reason VMREAD\n          CPU 23/KVM-5046    [001] d....  3410.005611: kvm_entry: vcpu 23\n          CPU 23/KVM-5046    [001] d....  3410.\n---truncated---"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
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              "value": "AV:L - The entire attack is driven through local syscalls \u2014 `socket()`+`setsockopt(TCP_ULP,\"espintcp\")` to create the encap socket, NETLINK_XFRM to add/flush the SA and policy, and local traffic to trigger `esp_output_tail_tcp()`. No remote peer input is needed to populate or tear down the cached socket reference.\nAC:L - The reference leak itself is fully deterministic \u2014 create the SA, send one packet, let the namespace go away \u2014 with no race or memory-layout dependency, and `CONFIG_INET_ESPINTCP`/`CONFIG_INET6_ESPINTCP` are enabled in mainstream distro kernels. For the dangling-`encap_sk` window the attacker drives both sides (a traffic generator feeding `xfrm_trans_queue_net()` and a concurrent `xfrm state flush` loop) and can retry indefinitely.\nPR:L - Adding the xfrm state requires CAP_NET_ADMIN, but `xfrm_user.c` uses `netlink_net_capable()`, which resolves against `sock_net(skb-\u003esk)-\u003euser_ns`, so an ordinary unprivileged user obtains it with `unshare -Urn`; attaching the espintcp ULP requires no privilege at all. No real root in the init namespace is needed.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step \u2014 socket setup, SA installation, packet transmission, and namespace teardown \u2014 entirely on their own. No victim action or cooperating process is involved.\nS:U - The leaked netns/socket and the dangling socket dereference are all kernel objects under the same security authority as the attacking context; no VM, IOMMU, or hypervisor boundary is crossed.\nC:H - After `__xfrm_state_delete()` drops the socket reference without RCU synchronization and leaves `x-\u003eencap_sk` non-NULL, the deferred `esp_find_tcp_sk()` reads `sk-\u003esk_state` and then operates on that released socket; because TCP sockets come from a SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU cache the slot can already hold an attacker-groomed socket, and `espintcp_getctx()` then follows a foreign `icsk_ulp_data`, giving a use-after-free read primitive over attacker-influenced kernel memory.\nI:H - The stale `x-\u003eencap_sk` also lets the slow path match `sk == nsk` and queue a second `sock_put()` through `call_rcu(esp_free_tcp_sk)`, a refcount underflow that frees a socket userspace still references by fd \u2014 a classic UAF write/heap-grooming primitive, and `bh_lock_sock()`/`espintcp_push_skb()` write into the freed object directly.\nA:H - Each leaked SA permanently pins an entire `struct net` (with all per-net subsystem allocations, sysctls, procfs entries and per-cpu data) that can never be reclaimed, and an unprivileged user can repeat this in a loop until kernel memory is exhausted or netns ucount limits break container creation; the dangling-socket dereference additionally oopses the kernel."
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        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/028363685bd0b7a19b4a820f82dd905b1dc83999"
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      "title": "espintcp: remove encap socket caching to avoid reference leak",
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    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-14T11:58:01.146Z",
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: fix ktls panic with sockmap\n\n[ 2172.936997] ------------[ cut here ]------------\n[ 2172.936999] kernel BUG at lib/iov_iter.c:629!\n......\n[ 2172.944996] PKRU: 55555554\n[ 2172.945155] Call Trace:\n[ 2172.945299]  \u003cTASK\u003e\n[ 2172.945428]  ? die+0x36/0x90\n[ 2172.945601]  ? do_trap+0xdd/0x100\n[ 2172.945795]  ? iov_iter_revert+0x178/0x180\n[ 2172.946031]  ? iov_iter_revert+0x178/0x180\n[ 2172.946267]  ? do_error_trap+0x7d/0x110\n[ 2172.946499]  ? iov_iter_revert+0x178/0x180\n[ 2172.946736]  ? exc_invalid_op+0x50/0x70\n[ 2172.946961]  ? iov_iter_revert+0x178/0x180\n[ 2172.947197]  ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x1a/0x20\n[ 2172.947446]  ? iov_iter_revert+0x178/0x180\n[ 2172.947683]  ? iov_iter_revert+0x5c/0x180\n[ 2172.947913]  tls_sw_sendmsg_locked.isra.0+0x794/0x840\n[ 2172.948206]  tls_sw_sendmsg+0x52/0x80\n[ 2172.948420]  ? inet_sendmsg+0x1f/0x70\n[ 2172.948634]  __sys_sendto+0x1cd/0x200\n[ 2172.948848]  ? find_held_lock+0x2b/0x80\n[ 2172.949072]  ? syscall_trace_enter+0x140/0x270\n[ 2172.949330]  ? __lock_release.isra.0+0x5e/0x170\n[ 2172.949595]  ? find_held_lock+0x2b/0x80\n[ 2172.949817]  ? syscall_trace_enter+0x140/0x270\n[ 2172.950211]  ? lockdep_hardirqs_on_prepare+0xda/0x190\n[ 2172.950632]  ? ktime_get_coarse_real_ts64+0xc2/0xd0\n[ 2172.951036]  __x64_sys_sendto+0x24/0x30\n[ 2172.951382]  do_syscall_64+0x90/0x170\n......\n\nAfter calling bpf_exec_tx_verdict(), the size of msg_pl-\u003esg may increase,\ne.g., when the BPF program executes bpf_msg_push_data().\n\nIf the BPF program sets cork_bytes and sg.size is smaller than cork_bytes,\nit will return -ENOSPC and attempt to roll back to the non-zero copy\nlogic. However, during rollback, msg-\u003emsg_iter is reset, but since\nmsg_pl-\u003esg.size has been increased, subsequent executions will exceed the\nactual size of msg_iter.\n\u0027\u0027\u0027\niov_iter_revert(\u0026msg-\u003emsg_iter, msg_pl-\u003esg.size - orig_size);\n\u0027\u0027\u0027\n\nThe changes in this commit are based on the following considerations:\n\n1. When cork_bytes is set, rolling back to non-zero copy logic is\npointless and can directly go to zero-copy logic.\n\n2. We can not calculate the correct number of bytes to revert msg_iter.\n\nAssume the original data is \"abcdefgh\" (8 bytes), and after 3 pushes\nby the BPF program, it becomes 11-byte data: \"abc?de?fgh?\".\nThen, we set cork_bytes to 6, which means the first 6 bytes have been\nprocessed, and the remaining 5 bytes \"?fgh?\" will be cached until the\nlength meets the cork_bytes requirement.\n\nHowever, some data in \"?fgh?\" is not within \u0027sg-\u003emsg_iter\u0027\n(but in msg_pl instead), especially the data \"?\" we pushed.\n\nSo it doesn\u0027t seem as simple as just reverting through an offset of\nmsg_iter.\n\n3. For non-TLS sockets in tcp_bpf_sendmsg, when a \"cork\" situation occurs,\nthe user-space send() doesn\u0027t return an error, and the returned length is\nthe same as the input length parameter, even if some data is cached.\n\nAdditionally, I saw that the current non-zero-copy logic for handling\ncorking is written as:\n\u0027\u0027\u0027\nline 1177\nelse if (ret != -EAGAIN) {\n\tif (ret == -ENOSPC)\n\t\tret = 0;\n\tgoto send_end;\n\u0027\u0027\u0027\n\nSo it\u0027s ok to just return \u0027copied\u0027 without error when a \"cork\" situation\noccurs."
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      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The trigger is a local `sendmsg()`/`sendto()` syscall on a kTLS socket enrolled in a sockmap, and the data driving the bug is the calling process\u0027s own send buffer plus the sk_msg BPF verdict \u2014 not data received from a remote peer. This is the kTLS transmit path combined with BPF/sockmap, both of which are locally reachable only.\nAC:L - Exploitation is fully deterministic \u2014 no race, no memory-layout grooming, no timing window; the attacker simply issues a `send()` whose length falls below the program\u0027s `cork_bytes` threshold and the `BUG()` fires every time. The attacker additionally chooses ITER_UBUF vs ITER_IOVEC by controlling `nr_segs`, selecting between the guaranteed panic and the out-of-bounds iterator walk.\nPR:L - Enabling kTLS TX requires no capability whatsoever (net/tls contains no `capable()` checks), and in the standard sockmap deployment the `sk_msg` program is installed by the platform/service mesh with sockets auto-enrolled on connect, so an ordinary unprivileged local user needs only a socket and a `send()` call. Where the attacker supplies the BPF program, `bpf_token_capable()` also grants `CAP_BPF`/`CAP_NET_ADMIN` inside a user namespace via a delegated BPF token.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step themselves \u2014 create socket, enable kTLS, call send(). No action by any other user or administrator is needed at exploitation time.\nS:U - The corruption and the crash are confined to the kernel\u0027s own memory and the attacking task\u0027s socket state; no hypervisor, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - With \u22652 iovecs, `iov_iter_revert()` walks backwards off the front of `iovstack[]` in an unbounded loop, reading kernel-stack qwords as `iov_len` and leaving `i-\u003e__iov` pointing at out-of-bounds kernel memory adjacent to the attacker-seeded `sockaddr_storage`; `i-\u003ecount` is simultaneously inflated past the end of the user buffer, and the corrupted iterator is then used for further copies. This unbounded OOB kernel read plus live-iterator corruption is a disclosure primitive.\nI:H - The faulty revert writes an out-of-bounds pointer, inflated `nr_segs`, and an `iov_offset` derived from out-of-bounds kernel memory into a live kernel iterator whose neighbouring stack contents the attacker controls via `msg_name`, and the `sg.size`/`sk_mem_charge` accounting diverges from reality. Memory-safety corruption of this nature is scored High.\nA:H - The common single-buffer case hits a guaranteed `BUG()` at lib/iov_iter.c:629 while holding both `tls_ctx-\u003etx_lock` and the socket lock, so the killed task self-deadlocks in `tls_sk_proto_close()` during exit \u2014 an unkillable D-state task with a permanently wedged socket and leaked memory. On systems with `panic_on_oops` it is an immediate full system panic, and it is trivially repeatable."
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0c33117f00c8c5363c22676931b22ae5041f7603"
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      "title": "phy: qcom-qmp-usb: Fix an NULL vs IS_ERR() bug",
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    "datePublished": "2025-07-10T07:41:55.658Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.998Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-23T15:59:19.082Z",
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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "include/linux/bpf_verifier.h",
            "kernel/bpf/verifier.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "4265682c29c92f52c0da6fad5a79b5801462c8de",
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              "version": "407958a0e980b9e1842ab87b5a1040521e1e24e9",
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              "lessThan": "ac49b7560b4b08b1e4043a29214cc7ad77644c00",
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            {
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.4.4",
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        {
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            "kernel/bpf/verifier.c"
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.5"
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              "version": "0",
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            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*",
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              "version": "6.15.3",
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            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.16",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
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          ]
        }
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        {
          "nodes": [
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              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.37",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.5",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.3",
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                  "vulnerable": true
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                {
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                {
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              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
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      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Do not include stack ptr register in precision backtracking bookkeeping\n\nYi Lai reported an issue ([1]) where the following warning appears\nin kernel dmesg:\n  [   60.643604] verifier backtracking bug\n  [   60.643635] WARNING: CPU: 10 PID: 2315 at kernel/bpf/verifier.c:4302 __mark_chain_precision+0x3a6c/0x3e10\n  [   60.648428] Modules linked in: bpf_testmod(OE)\n  [   60.650471] CPU: 10 UID: 0 PID: 2315 Comm: test_progs Tainted: G           OE       6.15.0-rc4-gef11287f8289-dirty #327 PREEMPT(full)\n  [   60.654385] Tainted: [O]=OOT_MODULE, [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE\n  [   60.656682] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.14.0-0-g155821a1990b-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014\n  [   60.660475] RIP: 0010:__mark_chain_precision+0x3a6c/0x3e10\n  [   60.662814] Code: 5a 30 84 89 ea e8 c4 d9 01 00 80 3d 3e 7d d8 04 00 0f 85 60 fa ff ff c6 05 31 7d d8 04\n                       01 48 c7 c7 00 58 30 84 e8 c4 06 a5 ff \u003c0f\u003e 0b e9 46 fa ff ff 48 ...\n  [   60.668720] RSP: 0018:ffff888116cc7298 EFLAGS: 00010246\n  [   60.671075] RAX: 54d70e82dfd31900 RBX: ffff888115b65e20 RCX: 0000000000000000\n  [   60.673659] RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 0000000000000004 RDI: 00000000ffffffff\n  [   60.676241] RBP: 0000000000000400 R08: ffff8881f6f23bd3 R09: 1ffff1103ede477a\n  [   60.678787] R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: ffffed103ede477b R12: ffff888115b60ae8\n  [   60.681420] R13: 1ffff11022b6cbc4 R14: 00000000fffffff2 R15: 0000000000000001\n  [   60.684030] FS:  00007fc2aedd80c0(0000) GS:ffff88826fa8a000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\n  [   60.686837] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\n  [   60.689027] CR2: 000056325369e000 CR3: 000000011088b002 CR4: 0000000000370ef0\n  [   60.691623] Call Trace:\n  [   60.692821]  \u003cTASK\u003e\n  [   60.693960]  ? __pfx_verbose+0x10/0x10\n  [   60.695656]  ? __pfx_disasm_kfunc_name+0x10/0x10\n  [   60.697495]  check_cond_jmp_op+0x16f7/0x39b0\n  [   60.699237]  do_check+0x58fa/0xab10\n  ...\n\nFurther analysis shows the warning is at line 4302 as below:\n\n  4294                 /* static subprog call instruction, which\n  4295                  * means that we are exiting current subprog,\n  4296                  * so only r1-r5 could be still requested as\n  4297                  * precise, r0 and r6-r10 or any stack slot in\n  4298                  * the current frame should be zero by now\n  4299                  */\n  4300                 if (bt_reg_mask(bt) \u0026 ~BPF_REGMASK_ARGS) {\n  4301                         verbose(env, \"BUG regs %x\\n\", bt_reg_mask(bt));\n  4302                         WARN_ONCE(1, \"verifier backtracking bug\");\n  4303                         return -EFAULT;\n  4304                 }\n\nWith the below test (also in the next patch):\n  __used __naked static void __bpf_jmp_r10(void)\n  {\n\tasm volatile (\n\t\"r2 = 2314885393468386424 ll;\"\n\t\"goto +0;\"\n\t\"if r2 \u003c= r10 goto +3;\"\n\t\"if r1 \u003e= -1835016 goto +0;\"\n\t\"if r2 \u003c= 8 goto +0;\"\n\t\"if r3 \u003c= 0 goto +0;\"\n\t\"exit;\"\n\t::: __clobber_all);\n  }\n\n  SEC(\"?raw_tp\")\n  __naked void bpf_jmp_r10(void)\n  {\n\tasm volatile (\n\t\"r3 = 0 ll;\"\n\t\"call __bpf_jmp_r10;\"\n\t\"r0 = 0;\"\n\t\"exit;\"\n\t::: __clobber_all);\n  }\n\nThe following is the verifier failure log:\n  0: (18) r3 = 0x0                      ; R3_w=0\n  2: (85) call pc+2\n  caller:\n   R10=fp0\n  callee:\n   frame1: R1=ctx() R3_w=0 R10=fp0\n  5: frame1: R1=ctx() R3_w=0 R10=fp0\n  ; asm volatile (\"                                 \\ @ verifier_precision.c:184\n  5: (18) r2 = 0x20202000256c6c78       ; frame1: R2_w=0x20202000256c6c78\n  7: (05) goto pc+0\n  8: (bd) if r2 \u003c= r10 goto pc+3        ; frame1: R2_w=0x20202000256c6c78 R10=fp0\n  9: (35) if r1 \u003e= 0xffe3fff8 goto pc+0         ; frame1: R1=ctx()\n  10: (b5) if r2 \u003c= 0x8 goto pc+0\n  mark_precise: frame1: last_idx 10 first_idx 0 subseq_idx -1\n  mark_precise: frame1: regs=r2 stack= before 9: (35) if r1 \u003e= 0xffe3fff8 goto pc+0\n  mark_precise: frame1: regs=r2 stack= before 8: (bd) if r2 \u003c= r10 goto pc+3\n  mark_preci\n---truncated---"
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-23T15:59:20.262Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4265682c29c92f52c0da6fad5a79b5801462c8de"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ac49b7560b4b08b1e4043a29214cc7ad77644c00"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e2d2115e56c4a02377189bfc3a9a7933552a7b0f"
        }
      ],
      "title": "bpf: Do not include stack ptr register in precision backtracking bookkeeping",
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    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-38279",
    "datePublished": "2025-07-10T07:41:58.184Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.998Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-23T15:59:20.262Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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