GSD-2023-23940
Vulnerability from gsd - Updated: 2023-12-13 01:20Details
OpenZeppelin Contracts for Cairo is a library for secure smart contract development written in Cairo for StarkNet, a decentralized ZK Rollup. `is_valid_eth_signature` is missing a call to `finalize_keccak` after calling `verify_eth_signature`. As a result, any contract using `is_valid_eth_signature` from the account library (such as the `EthAccount` preset) is vulnerable to a malicious sequencer. Specifically, the malicious sequencer would be able to bypass signature validation to impersonate an instance of these accounts. The issue has been patched in 0.6.1.
Aliases
Aliases
{
"GSD": {
"alias": "CVE-2023-23940",
"id": "GSD-2023-23940"
},
"gsd": {
"metadata": {
"exploitCode": "unknown",
"remediation": "unknown",
"reportConfidence": "confirmed",
"type": "vulnerability"
},
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"aliases": [
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],
"details": "OpenZeppelin Contracts for Cairo is a library for secure smart contract development written in Cairo for StarkNet, a decentralized ZK Rollup. `is_valid_eth_signature` is missing a call to `finalize_keccak` after calling `verify_eth_signature`. As a result, any contract using `is_valid_eth_signature` from the account library (such as the `EthAccount` preset) is vulnerable to a malicious sequencer. Specifically, the malicious sequencer would be able to bypass signature validation to impersonate an instance of these accounts. The issue has been patched in 0.6.1.",
"id": "GSD-2023-23940",
"modified": "2023-12-13T01:20:49.652180Z",
"schema_version": "1.4.0"
}
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"product_name": "cairo-contracts",
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"version_value": "\u003e= 0.2.0, \u003c 0.6.1"
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"value": "OpenZeppelin Contracts for Cairo is a library for secure smart contract development written in Cairo for StarkNet, a decentralized ZK Rollup. `is_valid_eth_signature` is missing a call to `finalize_keccak` after calling `verify_eth_signature`. As a result, any contract using `is_valid_eth_signature` from the account library (such as the `EthAccount` preset) is vulnerable to a malicious sequencer. Specifically, the malicious sequencer would be able to bypass signature validation to impersonate an instance of these accounts. The issue has been patched in 0.6.1."
}
]
},
"impact": {
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"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "LOW",
"baseScore": 6.4,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
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"cweId": "CWE-347",
"lang": "eng",
"value": "CWE-347: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature"
}
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},
{
"description": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-345",
"lang": "eng",
"value": "CWE-345: Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity"
}
]
}
]
},
"references": {
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{
"name": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-626q-v9j4-mcp4",
"refsource": "MISC",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-626q-v9j4-mcp4"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts/pull/542/commits/6d4cb750478fca2fd916f73297632f899aca9299",
"refsource": "MISC",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts/pull/542/commits/6d4cb750478fca2fd916f73297632f899aca9299"
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"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-626q-v9j4-mcp4",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
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"gitlab.com": {
"advisories": [
{
"affected_range": "\u003e=0.2.0 \u003c0.6.1",
"affected_versions": "All versions starting from 0.2.0 before 0.6.1",
"cvss_v3": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1035",
"CWE-347",
"CWE-937"
],
"date": "2023-02-13",
"description": "OpenZeppelin Contracts for Cairo is a library for secure smart contract development written in Cairo for StarkNet, a decentralized ZK Rollup. `is_valid_eth_signature` is missing a call to `finalize_keccak` after calling `verify_eth_signature`. As a result, any contract using `is_valid_eth_signature` from the account library (such as the `EthAccount` preset) is vulnerable to a malicious sequencer. Specifically, the malicious sequencer would be able to bypass signature validation to impersonate an instance of these accounts. The issue has been patched in 0.6.1.",
"fixed_versions": [
"0.6.1"
],
"identifier": "CVE-2023-23940",
"identifiers": [
"CVE-2023-23940",
"GHSA-626q-v9j4-mcp4"
],
"not_impacted": "All versions before 0.2.0, all versions starting from 0.6.1",
"package_slug": "npm/@openzeppelin/contracts",
"pubdate": "2023-02-03",
"solution": "Upgrade to version 0.6.1 or above.",
"title": "Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature",
"urls": [
"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-23940",
"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts/pull/542/commits/6d4cb750478fca2fd916f73297632f899aca9299",
"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-626q-v9j4-mcp4"
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"uuid": "96c7ae18-b488-4ff2-85ea-49f1f082b080"
},
{
"affected_range": "\u003e=0.2.0,\u003c0.6.1",
"affected_versions": "All versions starting from 0.2.0 before 0.6.1",
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1035",
"CWE-937"
],
"date": "2023-02-02",
"description": "### Cause\n`is_valid_eth_signature` is missing a call to `finalize_keccak` after calling `verify_eth_signature`. \n\n### Impact\nAs a result, any contract using `is_valid_eth_signature` from the account library (such as the `EthAccount` preset) is vulnerable to a malicious sequencer. Specifically, the malicious sequencer would be able to bypass signature validation to impersonate an instance of these accounts.\n\n### Risk\nIn order to exploit this vulnerability, it is required to control a sequencer or prover since they\u0027re the ones executing the hints, being able to inject incorrect keccak results.\n\nToday StarkWare is the only party running both a prover or a sequencer, greatly reducing the risk of exploit.\n\n### Patches\nThe issue has been patched in 0.6.1.\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [the Contracts for Cairo repository](https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts/issues/new/choose)\n * Email us at [security@openzeppelin.com](mailto:security@openzeppelin.com)",
"fixed_versions": [
"0.6.1"
],
"identifier": "GMS-2023-240",
"identifiers": [
"GHSA-626q-v9j4-mcp4",
"GMS-2023-240",
"CVE-2023-23940"
],
"not_impacted": "All versions before 0.2.0, all versions starting from 0.6.1",
"package_slug": "pypi/openzeppelin-cairo-contracts",
"pubdate": "2023-02-02",
"solution": "Upgrade to version 0.6.1 or above.",
"title": "OpenZeppelin Contracts contains Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature",
"urls": [
"https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-626q-v9j4-mcp4",
"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-626q-v9j4-mcp4"
],
"uuid": "0fd7c895-c9d2-4bcd-949f-59a5ae4b1f3f"
}
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"versionEndExcluding": "0.6.1",
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"impact": {
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"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
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"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
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"exploitabilityScore": 1.6,
"impactScore": 3.6
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},
"lastModifiedDate": "2023-02-13T15:11Z",
"publishedDate": "2023-02-03T20:15Z"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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