Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-53721 (GCVE-0-2026-53721)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-12 13:41 – Updated: 2026-06-13 02:59

Title

Nuxt: Route-rule middleware bypass via case-sensitivity mismatch between vue-router and the routeRules matcher

Summary

Nuxt is an open-source web development framework for Vue.js. From versions 3.11.0 to before 3.21.7 and 4.0.0 to before 4.4.7, there is a route-rule middleware bypass via case-sensitivity mismatch between vue-router and the routeRules matcher. This issue has been patched in versions 3.21.7 and 4.4.7.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-06-13 02:59 UTC

CWE

CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
CWE-863 - Incorrect Authorization

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/security/advisories/…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/07e39cd6f26e4…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/3f3e3fa7b5eec…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
nuxt	nuxt	Affected: >= 3.11.0, < 3.21.7 Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 4.4.7	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2026-53721

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-06-12 15:16 - Updated: 2026-06-17 10:58

Severity

8.2 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N

Summary

References

URL	Tags
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/07e39cd6f26e407b4192b7865bd17bc44536b9bb	Patch
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/3f3e3fa7b5eec8e495f4f8ce0a54813a8875a11e	Patch
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/security/advisories/GHSA-mm7m-92g8-7m47	Mitigation, Patch, Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	nuxt	nuxt	*
	nuxt	nuxt	*

JSON

To clipboard

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  "id": "CVE-2026-53721",
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GHSA-MM7M-92G8-7M47

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-16 13:48 – Updated: 2026-06-16 13:48

Summary

Nuxt: Route-rule middleware bypass via case-sensitivity mismatch between vue-router and the routeRules matcher

Details

Impact

Nuxt looks up routeRules for the current navigation by calling getRouteRules({ path: to.path }) from the page-router plugin and the no-pages router plugin. The compiled routeRules matcher (built on rou3) performs case-sensitive matching, while vue-router is configured with its default sensitive: false and matches paths case-insensitively.

The two routers therefore disagree on which rules apply to a given request path: vue-router still matches the page record for /Admin/dashboard, but the routeRules lookup for the same path returns no match. Any appMiddleware declared via routeRules is never added to the middleware set and never runs, on both SSR and client navigations. The same path skips other path-keyed route rules in the same way (ssr, redirect, appLayout, and the prerender / payload hints used client-side).

For applications using routeRules with appMiddleware as an authorization gate (a documented pattern), an attacker can flip the case of any static segment in a protected URL (for example /Admin/dashboard instead of /admin/dashboard) to render the protected page with the middleware skipped. The server returns the fully server-rendered page including any useFetch / useAsyncData results captured during SSR.

This is an instance of CWE-178 (Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity) leading to CWE-863 (Incorrect Authorization) for apps that treat appMiddleware as an authorization boundary.

Mitigating factors

Only affects apps that use routeRules.appMiddleware. The more idiomatic definePageMeta({ middleware }) is bound to the matched route record and is unaffected.
Nuxt route middleware is documented as an app-layer concern, not a server-side auth boundary; well-built apps enforce authorization again at the API / data-fetching layer.
Apps that explicitly set router.options.sensitive = true are not affected.

Patches

Fixed in nuxt@4.4.7 (commit 07e39cd6) and backported to nuxt@3.21.7 (commit 3f3e3fa7). The fix normalizes the path used for routeRules lookups so it matches vue-router's default case-insensitive semantics.

Workarounds

Until you can upgrade, you can mitigate by either:

Setting router.options.sensitive = true so vue-router matches case-sensitively (this changes route-matching behaviour app-wide).
Moving security-critical middleware off routeRules.appMiddleware and onto definePageMeta({ middleware: [...] }) on the protected page components, which is bound to the matched record.
Enforcing authorization at the API / data-fetching layer (which you should be doing in any case).

Credit

Reported by Anthropic / Claude through Anthropic's coordinated vulnerability disclosure process. Reference: ANT-2026-9FSEBYMC.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "nuxt"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.4.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "nuxt"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.11.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.21.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-53721"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-178",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-16T13:48:31Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-12T15:16:31Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Impact\n\nNuxt looks up `routeRules` for the current navigation by calling\n`getRouteRules({ path: to.path })` from the page-router plugin and the\nno-pages router plugin. The compiled `routeRules` matcher (built on\n`rou3`) performs case-sensitive matching, while vue-router is configured\nwith its default `sensitive: false` and matches paths case-insensitively.\n\nThe two routers therefore disagree on which rules apply to a given\nrequest path: vue-router still matches the page record for\n`/Admin/dashboard`, but the `routeRules` lookup for the same path\nreturns no match. Any `appMiddleware` declared via `routeRules` is never\nadded to the middleware set and never runs, on both SSR and client\nnavigations. The same path skips other path-keyed route rules in the\nsame way (`ssr`, `redirect`, `appLayout`, and the prerender / payload\nhints used client-side).\n\nFor applications using `routeRules` with `appMiddleware` as an\nauthorization gate (a documented pattern), an attacker can flip the case\nof any static segment in a protected URL (for example `/Admin/dashboard`\ninstead of `/admin/dashboard`) to render the protected page with the\nmiddleware skipped. The server returns the fully server-rendered page\nincluding any `useFetch` / `useAsyncData` results captured during SSR.\n\nThis is an instance of CWE-178 (Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity)\nleading to CWE-863 (Incorrect Authorization) for apps that treat\n`appMiddleware` as an authorization boundary.\n\n## Mitigating factors\n\n- Only affects apps that use `routeRules.appMiddleware`. The more\n  idiomatic `definePageMeta({ middleware })` is bound to the matched\n  route record and is unaffected.\n- Nuxt route middleware is documented as an app-layer concern, not a\n  server-side auth boundary; well-built apps enforce authorization\n  again at the API / data-fetching layer.\n- Apps that explicitly set `router.options.sensitive = true` are not\n  affected.\n\n## Patches\n\nFixed in `nuxt@4.4.7` (commit [`07e39cd6`](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/07e39cd6f26e407b4192b7865bd17bc44536b9bb)) and backported to `nuxt@3.21.7` (commit [`3f3e3fa7`](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/3f3e3fa7b5eec8e495f4f8ce0a54813a8875a11e)). The fix normalizes the path used for `routeRules` lookups so it matches vue-router\u0027s default case-insensitive semantics.\n\n## Workarounds\n\nUntil you can upgrade, you can mitigate by either:\n\n1. Setting `router.options.sensitive = true` so vue-router matches\n   case-sensitively (this changes route-matching behaviour app-wide).\n2. Moving security-critical middleware off `routeRules.appMiddleware`\n   and onto `definePageMeta({ middleware: [...] })` on the protected\n   page components, which is bound to the matched record.\n3. Enforcing authorization at the API / data-fetching layer (which you\n   should be doing in any case).\n\n## Credit\n\nReported by Anthropic / Claude through Anthropic\u0027s coordinated\nvulnerability disclosure process. Reference: ANT-2026-9FSEBYMC.",
  "id": "GHSA-mm7m-92g8-7m47",
  "modified": "2026-06-16T13:48:31Z",
  "published": "2026-06-16T13:48:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/security/advisories/GHSA-mm7m-92g8-7m47"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53721"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/07e39cd6f26e407b4192b7865bd17bc44536b9bb"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/3f3e3fa7b5eec8e495f4f8ce0a54813a8875a11e"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Nuxt: Route-rule middleware bypass via case-sensitivity mismatch between vue-router and the routeRules matcher"
}

Sightings

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Nomenclature

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Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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Action not permitted

CVE-2026-53721 (GCVE-0-2026-53721)

FKIE_CVE-2026-53721

GHSA-MM7M-92G8-7M47

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