CVE-2026-40342 (GCVE-0-2026-40342)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-17 19:22 – Updated: 2026-04-17 19:22
VLAI?
Title
Firebird: Path Traversal + Arbitrary File Write Leads to Remote Code Execution
Summary
Firebird is an open-source relational database management system. In versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14, the external engine plugin loader concatenates a user-supplied engine name into a filesystem path without filtering path separators or .. components. An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can use a crafted ENGINE name to load an arbitrary shared library from anywhere on the filesystem via path traversal. The library's initialization code executes immediately during loading, before Firebird validates the module, achieving code execution as the server's OS account. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14.
Severity ?
10 (Critical)
CWE
Assigner
References
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FirebirdSQL | firebird |
Affected:
< 3.0.14
Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 4.0.7 Affected: >= 5.0.0, < 5.0.4 |
{
"containers": {
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "firebird",
"vendor": "FirebirdSQL",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 3.0.14"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 4.0.0, \u003c 4.0.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 5.0.0, \u003c 5.0.4"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Firebird is an open-source relational database management system. In versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14, the external engine plugin loader concatenates a user-supplied engine name into a filesystem path without filtering path separators or .. components. An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can use a crafted ENGINE name to load an arbitrary shared library from anywhere on the filesystem via path traversal. The library\u0027s initialization code executes immediately during loading, before Firebird validates the module, achieving code execution as the server\u0027s OS account. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 10,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-22",
"description": "CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (\u0027Path Traversal\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-427",
"description": "CWE-427: Uncontrolled Search Path Element",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-73",
"description": "CWE-73: External Control of File Name or Path",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-94",
"description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-17T19:22:46.644Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/security/advisories/GHSA-7pxc-h3rv-r257",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/security/advisories/GHSA-7pxc-h3rv-r257"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v3.0.14",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v3.0.14"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v4.0.7",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v4.0.7"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v5.0.4",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v5.0.4"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-7pxc-h3rv-r257",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Firebird: Path Traversal + Arbitrary File Write Leads to Remote Code Execution"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-40342",
"datePublished": "2026-04-17T19:22:46.644Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-04-10T22:50:01.358Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-17T19:22:46.644Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-40342\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"published\":\"2026-04-17T20:16:35.930\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-04-17T20:16:35.930\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Received\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"Firebird is an open-source relational database management system. In versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14, the external engine plugin loader concatenates a user-supplied engine name into a filesystem path without filtering path separators or .. components. An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can use a crafted ENGINE name to load an arbitrary shared library from anywhere on the filesystem via path traversal. The library\u0027s initialization code executes immediately during loading, before Firebird validates the module, achieving code execution as the server\u0027s OS account. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14.\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":9.9,\"baseSeverity\":\"CRITICAL\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"CHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.1,\"impactScore\":6.0}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-22\"},{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-73\"},{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-94\"},{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-427\"}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v3.0.14\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v4.0.7\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v5.0.4\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/security/advisories/GHSA-7pxc-h3rv-r257\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"}]}}"
}
}
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Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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