CVE-2026-31456 (GCVE-0-2026-31456)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-22 13:53 – Updated: 2026-05-11 22:09
VLAI
Title
mm/pagewalk: fix race between concurrent split and refault
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm/pagewalk: fix race between concurrent split and refault The splitting of a PUD entry in walk_pud_range() can race with a concurrent thread refaulting the PUD leaf entry causing it to try walking a PMD range that has disappeared. An example and reproduction of this is to try reading numa_maps of a process while VFIO-PCI is setting up DMA (specifically the vfio_pin_pages_remote call) on a large BAR for that process. This will trigger a kernel BUG: vfio-pci 0000:03:00.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0002) BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffffa23980000000 PGD 0 P4D 0 Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI ... RIP: 0010:walk_pgd_range+0x3b5/0x7a0 Code: 8d 43 ff 48 89 44 24 28 4d 89 ce 4d 8d a7 00 00 20 00 48 8b 4c 24 28 49 81 e4 00 00 e0 ff 49 8d 44 24 ff 48 39 c8 4c 0f 43 e3 <49> f7 06 9f ff ff ff 75 3b 48 8b 44 24 20 48 8b 40 28 48 85 c0 74 RSP: 0018:ffffac23e1ecf808 EFLAGS: 00010287 RAX: 00007f44c01fffff RBX: 00007f4500000000 RCX: 00007f44ffffffff RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 000ffffffffff000 RDI: ffffffff93378fe0 RBP: ffffac23e1ecf918 R08: 0000000000000004 R09: ffffa23980000000 R10: 0000000000000020 R11: 0000000000000004 R12: 00007f44c0200000 R13: 00007f44c0000000 R14: ffffa23980000000 R15: 00007f44c0000000 FS: 00007fe884739580(0000) GS:ffff9b7d7a9c0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: ffffa23980000000 CR3: 000000c0650e2005 CR4: 0000000000770ef0 PKRU: 55555554 Call Trace: <TASK> __walk_page_range+0x195/0x1b0 walk_page_vma+0x62/0xc0 show_numa_map+0x12b/0x3b0 seq_read_iter+0x297/0x440 seq_read+0x11d/0x140 vfs_read+0xc2/0x340 ksys_read+0x5f/0xe0 do_syscall_64+0x68/0x130 ? get_page_from_freelist+0x5c2/0x17e0 ? mas_store_prealloc+0x17e/0x360 ? vma_set_page_prot+0x4c/0xa0 ? __alloc_pages_noprof+0x14e/0x2d0 ? __mod_memcg_lruvec_state+0x8d/0x140 ? __lruvec_stat_mod_folio+0x76/0xb0 ? __folio_mod_stat+0x26/0x80 ? do_anonymous_page+0x705/0x900 ? __handle_mm_fault+0xa8d/0x1000 ? __count_memcg_events+0x53/0xf0 ? handle_mm_fault+0xa5/0x360 ? do_user_addr_fault+0x342/0x640 ? arch_exit_to_user_mode_prepare.constprop.0+0x16/0xa0 ? irqentry_exit_to_user_mode+0x24/0x100 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e RIP: 0033:0x7fe88464f47e Code: c0 e9 b6 fe ff ff 50 48 8d 3d be 07 0b 00 e8 69 01 02 00 66 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 64 8b 04 25 18 00 00 00 85 c0 75 14 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 5a c3 66 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 48 83 ec 28 RSP: 002b:00007ffe6cd9a9b8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000000 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000020000 RCX: 00007fe88464f47e RDX: 0000000000020000 RSI: 00007fe884543000 RDI: 0000000000000003 RBP: 00007fe884543000 R08: 00007fe884542010 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: fffffffffffffbc5 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 0000000000000003 R14: 0000000000020000 R15: 0000000000020000 </TASK> Fix this by validating the PUD entry in walk_pmd_range() using a stable snapshot (pudp_get()). If the PUD is not present or is a leaf, retry the walk via ACTION_AGAIN instead of descending further. This mirrors the retry logic in walk_pte_range(), which lets walk_pmd_range() retry if the PTE is not being got by pte_offset_map_lock().
Severity
No CVSS data available.
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: f9e54c3a2f5b79ecc57c7bc7d0d3521e461a2101 , < 38ec58670a0c5fc1edabdeccd857e586b7b3f318 (git)
Affected: f9e54c3a2f5b79ecc57c7bc7d0d3521e461a2101 , < 9bbbebd94dd5be25ec8c899d46ef01b33d5d22c0 (git)
Affected: f9e54c3a2f5b79ecc57c7bc7d0d3521e461a2101 , < 3b89863c3fa482912911cd65a12a3aeef662c250 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 6.12
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.12 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.21 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.19.11 , ≤ 6.19.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.0 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "mm/pagewalk.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
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          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
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              "version": "0",
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              "versionType": "semver"
            },
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              "version": "6.19.11",
              "versionType": "semver"
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              "version": "7.0",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
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      "cpeApplicability": [
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                },
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmm/pagewalk: fix race between concurrent split and refault\n\nThe splitting of a PUD entry in walk_pud_range() can race with a\nconcurrent thread refaulting the PUD leaf entry causing it to try walking\na PMD range that has disappeared.\n\nAn example and reproduction of this is to try reading numa_maps of a\nprocess while VFIO-PCI is setting up DMA (specifically the\nvfio_pin_pages_remote call) on a large BAR for that process.\n\nThis will trigger a kernel BUG:\nvfio-pci 0000:03:00.0: enabling device (0000 -\u003e 0002)\nBUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffffa23980000000\nPGD 0 P4D 0\nOops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\n...\nRIP: 0010:walk_pgd_range+0x3b5/0x7a0\nCode: 8d 43 ff 48 89 44 24 28 4d 89 ce 4d 8d a7 00 00 20 00 48 8b 4c 24\n28 49 81 e4 00 00 e0 ff 49 8d 44 24 ff 48 39 c8 4c 0f 43 e3 \u003c49\u003e f7 06\n   9f ff ff ff 75 3b 48 8b 44 24 20 48 8b 40 28 48 85 c0 74\nRSP: 0018:ffffac23e1ecf808 EFLAGS: 00010287\nRAX: 00007f44c01fffff RBX: 00007f4500000000 RCX: 00007f44ffffffff\nRDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 000ffffffffff000 RDI: ffffffff93378fe0\nRBP: ffffac23e1ecf918 R08: 0000000000000004 R09: ffffa23980000000\nR10: 0000000000000020 R11: 0000000000000004 R12: 00007f44c0200000\nR13: 00007f44c0000000 R14: ffffa23980000000 R15: 00007f44c0000000\nFS:  00007fe884739580(0000) GS:ffff9b7d7a9c0000(0000)\nknlGS:0000000000000000\nCS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\nCR2: ffffa23980000000 CR3: 000000c0650e2005 CR4: 0000000000770ef0\nPKRU: 55555554\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n __walk_page_range+0x195/0x1b0\n walk_page_vma+0x62/0xc0\n show_numa_map+0x12b/0x3b0\n seq_read_iter+0x297/0x440\n seq_read+0x11d/0x140\n vfs_read+0xc2/0x340\n ksys_read+0x5f/0xe0\n do_syscall_64+0x68/0x130\n ? get_page_from_freelist+0x5c2/0x17e0\n ? mas_store_prealloc+0x17e/0x360\n ? vma_set_page_prot+0x4c/0xa0\n ? __alloc_pages_noprof+0x14e/0x2d0\n ? __mod_memcg_lruvec_state+0x8d/0x140\n ? __lruvec_stat_mod_folio+0x76/0xb0\n ? __folio_mod_stat+0x26/0x80\n ? do_anonymous_page+0x705/0x900\n ? __handle_mm_fault+0xa8d/0x1000\n ? __count_memcg_events+0x53/0xf0\n ? handle_mm_fault+0xa5/0x360\n ? do_user_addr_fault+0x342/0x640\n ? arch_exit_to_user_mode_prepare.constprop.0+0x16/0xa0\n ? irqentry_exit_to_user_mode+0x24/0x100\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\nRIP: 0033:0x7fe88464f47e\nCode: c0 e9 b6 fe ff ff 50 48 8d 3d be 07 0b 00 e8 69 01 02 00 66 0f 1f\n84 00 00 00 00 00 64 8b 04 25 18 00 00 00 85 c0 75 14 0f 05 \u003c48\u003e 3d 00\n   f0 ff ff 77 5a c3 66 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 48 83 ec 28\nRSP: 002b:00007ffe6cd9a9b8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000000\nRAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000020000 RCX: 00007fe88464f47e\nRDX: 0000000000020000 RSI: 00007fe884543000 RDI: 0000000000000003\nRBP: 00007fe884543000 R08: 00007fe884542010 R09: 0000000000000000\nR10: fffffffffffffbc5 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000\nR13: 0000000000000003 R14: 0000000000020000 R15: 0000000000020000\n \u003c/TASK\u003e\n\nFix this by validating the PUD entry in walk_pmd_range() using a stable\nsnapshot (pudp_get()).  If the PUD is not present or is a leaf, retry the\nwalk via ACTION_AGAIN instead of descending further.  This mirrors the\nretry logic in walk_pte_range(), which lets walk_pmd_range() retry if the\nPTE is not being got by pte_offset_map_lock()."
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T22:09:04.755Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/38ec58670a0c5fc1edabdeccd857e586b7b3f318"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9bbbebd94dd5be25ec8c899d46ef01b33d5d22c0"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3b89863c3fa482912911cd65a12a3aeef662c250"
        }
      ],
      "title": "mm/pagewalk: fix race between concurrent split and refault",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
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  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-31456",
    "datePublished": "2026-04-22T13:53:49.568Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-03-09T15:48:24.092Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T22:09:04.755Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-31456",
      "date": "2026-05-25",
      "epss": "0.00014",
      "percentile": "0.02636"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-31456\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2026-04-22T14:16:40.203\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-05-05T21:20:04.940\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Analyzed\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nmm/pagewalk: fix race between concurrent split and refault\\n\\nThe splitting of a PUD entry in walk_pud_range() can race with a\\nconcurrent thread refaulting the PUD leaf entry causing it to try walking\\na PMD range that has disappeared.\\n\\nAn example and reproduction of this is to try reading numa_maps of a\\nprocess while VFIO-PCI is setting up DMA (specifically the\\nvfio_pin_pages_remote call) on a large BAR for that process.\\n\\nThis will trigger a kernel BUG:\\nvfio-pci 0000:03:00.0: enabling device (0000 -\u003e 0002)\\nBUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffffa23980000000\\nPGD 0 P4D 0\\nOops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\\n...\\nRIP: 0010:walk_pgd_range+0x3b5/0x7a0\\nCode: 8d 43 ff 48 89 44 24 28 4d 89 ce 4d 8d a7 00 00 20 00 48 8b 4c 24\\n28 49 81 e4 00 00 e0 ff 49 8d 44 24 ff 48 39 c8 4c 0f 43 e3 \u003c49\u003e f7 06\\n   9f ff ff ff 75 3b 48 8b 44 24 20 48 8b 40 28 48 85 c0 74\\nRSP: 0018:ffffac23e1ecf808 EFLAGS: 00010287\\nRAX: 00007f44c01fffff RBX: 00007f4500000000 RCX: 00007f44ffffffff\\nRDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 000ffffffffff000 RDI: ffffffff93378fe0\\nRBP: ffffac23e1ecf918 R08: 0000000000000004 R09: ffffa23980000000\\nR10: 0000000000000020 R11: 0000000000000004 R12: 00007f44c0200000\\nR13: 00007f44c0000000 R14: ffffa23980000000 R15: 00007f44c0000000\\nFS:  00007fe884739580(0000) GS:ffff9b7d7a9c0000(0000)\\nknlGS:0000000000000000\\nCS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\\nCR2: ffffa23980000000 CR3: 000000c0650e2005 CR4: 0000000000770ef0\\nPKRU: 55555554\\nCall Trace:\\n \u003cTASK\u003e\\n __walk_page_range+0x195/0x1b0\\n walk_page_vma+0x62/0xc0\\n show_numa_map+0x12b/0x3b0\\n seq_read_iter+0x297/0x440\\n seq_read+0x11d/0x140\\n vfs_read+0xc2/0x340\\n ksys_read+0x5f/0xe0\\n do_syscall_64+0x68/0x130\\n ? get_page_from_freelist+0x5c2/0x17e0\\n ? mas_store_prealloc+0x17e/0x360\\n ? vma_set_page_prot+0x4c/0xa0\\n ? __alloc_pages_noprof+0x14e/0x2d0\\n ? __mod_memcg_lruvec_state+0x8d/0x140\\n ? __lruvec_stat_mod_folio+0x76/0xb0\\n ? __folio_mod_stat+0x26/0x80\\n ? do_anonymous_page+0x705/0x900\\n ? __handle_mm_fault+0xa8d/0x1000\\n ? __count_memcg_events+0x53/0xf0\\n ? handle_mm_fault+0xa5/0x360\\n ? do_user_addr_fault+0x342/0x640\\n ? arch_exit_to_user_mode_prepare.constprop.0+0x16/0xa0\\n ? irqentry_exit_to_user_mode+0x24/0x100\\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\\nRIP: 0033:0x7fe88464f47e\\nCode: c0 e9 b6 fe ff ff 50 48 8d 3d be 07 0b 00 e8 69 01 02 00 66 0f 1f\\n84 00 00 00 00 00 64 8b 04 25 18 00 00 00 85 c0 75 14 0f 05 \u003c48\u003e 3d 00\\n   f0 ff ff 77 5a c3 66 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 48 83 ec 28\\nRSP: 002b:00007ffe6cd9a9b8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000000\\nRAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000020000 RCX: 00007fe88464f47e\\nRDX: 0000000000020000 RSI: 00007fe884543000 RDI: 0000000000000003\\nRBP: 00007fe884543000 R08: 00007fe884542010 R09: 0000000000000000\\nR10: fffffffffffffbc5 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000\\nR13: 0000000000000003 R14: 0000000000020000 R15: 0000000000020000\\n \u003c/TASK\u003e\\n\\nFix this by validating the PUD entry in walk_pmd_range() using a stable\\nsnapshot (pudp_get()).  If the PUD is not present or is a leaf, retry the\\nwalk via ACTION_AGAIN instead of descending further.  This mirrors the\\nretry logic in walk_pte_range(), which lets walk_pmd_range() retry if the\\nPTE is not being got by pte_offset_map_lock().\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":4.7,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"HIGH\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.0,\"impactScore\":3.6}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-362\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.12\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.18.21\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"93477C16-86F4-42D8-A83F-3E95FF0B26F8\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.19\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.19.11\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"4CA2E747-A9EC-4518-9AA2-B4247FC748B7\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"F253B622-8837-4245-BCE5-A7BF8FC76A16\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"4AE85AD8-4641-4E7C-A2F4-305E2CD9EE64\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"F666C8D8-6538-46D4-B318-87610DE64C34\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"02259FDA-961B-47BC-AE7F-93D7EC6E90C2\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"58A9FEFF-C040-420D-8F0A-BFDAAA1DF258\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/38ec58670a0c5fc1edabdeccd857e586b7b3f318\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3b89863c3fa482912911cd65a12a3aeef662c250\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9bbbebd94dd5be25ec8c899d46ef01b33d5d22c0\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]}]}}"
  }
}


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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.