CVE-2025-4091 (GCVE-0-2025-4091)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-29 13:13 – Updated: 2026-04-13 14:27
VLAI
Title
Memory safety bugs fixed in Firefox 138, Thunderbird 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, and Thunderbird 128.10
Summary
Memory safety bugs present in Firefox 137, Thunderbird 137, Firefox ESR 128.9, and Thunderbird 128.9. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, Thunderbird 138, and Thunderbird 128.10.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-29 15:36 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Mozilla Firefox Unaffected: 128.10 , ≤ 128.* (rpm)
Unaffected: 138 , ≤ * (rpm)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Mozilla Thunderbird Unaffected: 128.10 , ≤ 128.* (rpm)
Unaffected: 138 , ≤ * (rpm)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Maurice Dauer and the Mozilla Fuzzing Team
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "cvssV3_1": {
              "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
              "attackVector": "NETWORK",
              "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
              "baseScore": 8.1,
              "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
              "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
              "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
              "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
              "scope": "UNCHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
              "version": "3.1"
            }
          },
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-4091",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-04-29T15:36:41.850174Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "problemTypes": [
          {
            "descriptions": [
              {
                "cweId": "CWE-119",
                "description": "CWE-119 Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer",
                "lang": "en",
                "type": "CWE"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-09-22T17:45:47.414Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      },
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T19:58:53.160Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00024.html"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "Firefox",
          "vendor": "Mozilla",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "128.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "128.10",
              "versionType": "rpm"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "138",
              "versionType": "rpm"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "product": "Thunderbird",
          "vendor": "Mozilla",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "128.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "128.10",
              "versionType": "rpm"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "138",
              "versionType": "rpm"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Maurice Dauer and the Mozilla Fuzzing Team"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "Memory safety bugs present in Firefox 137, Thunderbird 137, Firefox ESR 128.9, and Thunderbird 128.9. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, Thunderbird 138, and Thunderbird 128.10."
            }
          ],
          "value": "Memory safety bugs present in Firefox 137, Thunderbird 137, Firefox ESR 128.9, and Thunderbird 128.9. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, Thunderbird 138, and Thunderbird 128.10."
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-13T14:27:22.909Z",
        "orgId": "f16b083a-5664-49f3-a51e-8d479e5ed7fe",
        "shortName": "mozilla"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "Memory safety bugs fixed in Firefox 138, Thunderbird 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, and Thunderbird 128.10",
          "url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/buglist.cgi?bug_id=1951161%2C1952105"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-28/"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-29/"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-31/"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-32/"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Memory safety bugs fixed in Firefox 138, Thunderbird 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, and Thunderbird 128.10"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "f16b083a-5664-49f3-a51e-8d479e5ed7fe",
    "assignerShortName": "mozilla",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-4091",
    "datePublished": "2025-04-29T13:13:48.089Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-29T13:13:47.408Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-04-13T14:27:22.909Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-4091",
      "date": "2026-09-21",
      "epss": "0.00478",
      "percentile": "0.40267"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "product": "Firefox",
                "vendor": "Mozilla",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "128.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "128.10",
                    "versionType": "rpm"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "138",
                    "versionType": "rpm"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "product": "Thunderbird",
                "vendor": "Mozilla",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "128.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "128.10",
                    "versionType": "rpm"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "138",
                    "versionType": "rpm"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "security@mozilla.org"
          }
        ],
        "configurations": [
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox:*:*:*:*:esr:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "3378E5EE-9ABF-444B-AA88-9EAF8D8058DE",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "128.10",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "EB8A8C7B-B65D-4DF5-BDB5-0C3C4E2DB72C",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "138.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:thunderbird:*:*:*:*:esr:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "DC19822B-CC07-4C6F-BAAD-C7A9C4E73FA9",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "128.10.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:thunderbird:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "D1E8CCF1-4E91-44CC-A652-B23D1337A485",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "138.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "Memory safety bugs present in Firefox 137, Thunderbird 137, Firefox ESR 128.9, and Thunderbird 128.9. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, Thunderbird 138, and Thunderbird 128.10."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "Errores de seguridad de memoria presentes en Firefox 137, Thunderbird 137, Firefox ESR 128.9 y Thunderbird 128.9. Algunos de estos errores mostraron evidencia de corrupci\u00f3n de memoria y presumimos que, con suficiente esfuerzo, algunos de ellos podr\u00edan haberse explotado para ejecutar c\u00f3digo arbitrario. Esta vulnerabilidad afecta a Firefox \u0026lt; 138, Firefox ESR \u0026lt; 128.10, Thunderbird \u0026lt; 138 y Thunderbird ESR \u0026lt; 128.10."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-4091",
        "lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:32:29.043",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 8.1,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 2.2,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ],
          "ssvcV203": [
            {
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "ssvcData": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-4091",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "technicalImpact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-04-29T15:36:41.850174Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2025-04-29T14:15:35.717",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "security@mozilla.org",
            "tags": [
              "Broken Link"
            ],
            "url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/buglist.cgi?bug_id=1951161%2C1952105"
          },
          {
            "source": "security@mozilla.org",
            "tags": [
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-28/"
          },
          {
            "source": "security@mozilla.org",
            "tags": [
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-29/"
          },
          {
            "source": "security@mozilla.org",
            "tags": [
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-31/"
          },
          {
            "source": "security@mozilla.org",
            "tags": [
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-32/"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00024.html"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "security@mozilla.org",
        "vulnStatus": "Modified",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-119"
              }
            ],
            "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
            "type": "Secondary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-28T11:18:18+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-4091",
      "id": "CVE-2025-4091",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-04-29T13:13:48.089000+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "296",
      "product_status:known_affected": "10",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "firefox: thunderbird: Memory safety bugs fixed in Firefox 138, Thunderbird 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, and Thunderbird 128.10",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-4091.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "important",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-30T02:10:12Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-4091",
      "id": "CVE-2025-4091",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-04-30T03:18:07Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "101",
      "product_status:recommended": "113",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-4091",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-4091.json",
      "version": "19"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T19:58:53.160Z",
              "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
              "shortName": "CVE"
            },
            "references": [
              {
                "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00024.html"
              }
            ],
            "title": "CVE Program Container"
          },
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "cvssV3_1": {
                  "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                  "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                  "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                  "baseScore": 8.1,
                  "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                  "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                  "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                  "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                  "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                  "userInteraction": "NONE",
                  "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                  "version": "3.1"
                }
              },
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2025-4091",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "none"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "no"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "total"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2025-04-29T15:36:41.850174Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "problemTypes": [
              {
                "descriptions": [
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-119",
                    "description": "CWE-119 Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer",
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "CWE"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2025-04-29T15:37:00.605Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "product": "Firefox",
              "vendor": "Mozilla",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "128.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "128.10",
                  "versionType": "rpm"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "138",
                  "versionType": "rpm"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "product": "Thunderbird",
              "vendor": "Mozilla",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "128.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "128.10",
                  "versionType": "rpm"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "138",
                  "versionType": "rpm"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "credits": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "Maurice Dauer and the Mozilla Fuzzing Team"
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "supportingMedia": [
                {
                  "base64": false,
                  "type": "text/html",
                  "value": "Memory safety bugs present in Firefox 137, Thunderbird 137, Firefox ESR 128.9, and Thunderbird 128.9. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, Thunderbird 138, and Thunderbird 128.10."
                }
              ],
              "value": "Memory safety bugs present in Firefox 137, Thunderbird 137, Firefox ESR 128.9, and Thunderbird 128.9. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, Thunderbird 138, and Thunderbird 128.10."
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-04-13T14:27:22.909Z",
            "orgId": "f16b083a-5664-49f3-a51e-8d479e5ed7fe",
            "shortName": "mozilla"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "name": "Memory safety bugs fixed in Firefox 138, Thunderbird 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, and Thunderbird 128.10",
              "url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/buglist.cgi?bug_id=1951161%2C1952105"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-28/"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-29/"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-31/"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-32/"
            }
          ],
          "title": "Memory safety bugs fixed in Firefox 138, Thunderbird 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, and Thunderbird 128.10"
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "f16b083a-5664-49f3-a51e-8d479e5ed7fe",
        "assignerShortName": "mozilla",
        "cveId": "CVE-2025-4091",
        "datePublished": "2025-04-29T13:13:48.089Z",
        "dateReserved": "2025-04-29T13:13:47.408Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-13T14:27:22.909Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.