Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-119
DiscouragedImproper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Abstraction: Class · Status: Stable
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
17491 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-39892 (GCVE-0-2026-39892)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-08 20:49 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:01
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
cryptography has a buffer overflow if non-contiguous buffers were passed to APIs
Summary
cryptography is a package designed to expose cryptographic primitives and recipes to Python developers. From 45.0.0 to before 46.0.7, if a non-contiguous buffer was passed to APIs which accepted Python buffers (e.g. Hash.update()), this could lead to buffer overflows. This vulnerability is fixed in 46.0.7.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
22 references
Impacted products
41 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| pyca | cryptography |
Affected:
>= 45.0.0, < 46.0.7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 8 |
Unaffected:
0:4.6.29-2.el8ap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 8 |
Unaffected:
0:46.0.7-1.el8ap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:4.6.29-2.el9ap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:46.0.7-1.el9ap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:4.7.12-1.el9ap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:46.0.7-1.el9ap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3 |
Unaffected:
1782353093 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.3::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3 |
Unaffected:
1782352847 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.3::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 |
Unaffected:
1779762270 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 |
Unaffected:
1779759716 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 |
Unaffected:
1779734628 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 |
Unaffected:
1779773804 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 |
Unaffected:
1779761061 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 |
Unaffected:
1779760844 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Discovery 2 |
Unaffected:
1779395228 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:discovery:2::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
Unaffected:
46.0.7-1.hum1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 |
Unaffected:
1780069069 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:2.25::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.3 |
Unaffected:
1782471587 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.3::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.3 |
Unaffected:
1782472374 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.3::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.3 |
Unaffected:
1782471606 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.3::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Quay 3.10 |
Unaffected:
1779822261 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:quay:3.10::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Quay 3.12 |
Unaffected:
1779811412 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:quay:3.12::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Quay 3.14 |
Unaffected:
1779689392 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:quay:3.14::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Quay 3.15 |
Unaffected:
1780891395 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:quay:3.15::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Quay 3.16 |
Unaffected:
1779204086 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:quay:3.16::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Quay 3.17 |
Unaffected:
1779922205 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:quay:3.17::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Quay 3.9 |
Unaffected:
1779811473 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:quay:3.9::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.4 |
Unaffected:
1780914886 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:trusted_artifact_signer:1.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Lightspeed Core |
cpe:/a:redhat:lightspeed_core |
|
| Red Hat | Migration Toolkit for Applications 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:migration_toolkit_applications:8 |
|
| Red Hat | OpenShift Lightspeed |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_lightspeed |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat AI Inference Server |
cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform Ansible Core 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_core:2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Quay 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:quay:3 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Satellite 6 |
cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6 |
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"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
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"references": [
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"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/08/12"
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"timestamp": "2026-04-09T19:41:57.662246Z",
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"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "python3.12-cryptography",
"product": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 8",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
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},
{
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{
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},
{
"collectionURL": "https://catalog.redhat.com/software/containers/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.3::el9"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "rhaiis/vllm-rocm-rhel9",
"product": "Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "1782353093",
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]
},
{
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"cpes": [
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"packageName": "rhaiis/vllm-cuda-rhel9",
"product": "Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
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},
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},
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"versions": [
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"version": "46.0.7-1.hum1",
"versionType": "rpm"
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]
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"packageName": "quay/quay-rhel8",
"product": "Red Hat Quay 3.15",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
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"lessThan": "*",
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"product": "Red Hat Quay 3.16",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
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{
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"packageName": "quay/quay-rhel9",
"product": "Red Hat Quay 3.17",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "1779922205",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
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"collectionURL": "https://catalog.redhat.com/software/containers/",
"cpes": [
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],
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"packageName": "quay/quay-rhel8",
"product": "Red Hat Quay 3.9",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "1779811473",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://catalog.redhat.com/software/containers/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:trusted_artifact_signer:1.4::el9"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "rhtas/model-transparency-rhel9",
"product": "Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer 1.4",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
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"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "1780914886",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
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"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:lightspeed_core"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "openshift-lightspeed-tech-preview/lightspeed-rag-tool-rhel9",
"product": "Lightspeed Core",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
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],
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"packageName": "redhat-user-workloads/lightspeed-stack",
"product": "Lightspeed Core",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
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],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "redhat-user-workloads/art-images",
"product": "Migration Toolkit for Applications 8",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
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CVE-2026-39863 (GCVE-0-2026-39863)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-08 19:55 – Updated: 2026-04-09 13:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Kamailio Core: TCP Data Processing Vulnerability
Summary
Kamailio is an open source implementation of a SIP Signaling Server. Prior to 6.1.1, 6.0.6, and 5.8.8, an out-of-bounds access in the core of Kamailio (formerly OpenSER and SER) allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (process crash) via a specially crafted data packet sent over TCP. The issue impacts Kamailio instances having TCP or TLS listeners. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.1.1, 6.0.6, and 5.8.8.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/kamailio/kamailio/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-34988 (GCVE-0-2026-34988)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-09 18:52 – Updated: 2026-04-09 19:31
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Wasmtime leaks data between pooling allocator instances
Summary
Wasmtime is a runtime for WebAssembly. From 28.0.0 to before 36.0.7, 42.0.2, and 43.0.1, Wasmtime's implementation of its pooling allocator contains a bug where in certain configurations the contents of linear memory can be leaked from one instance to the next. The implementation of resetting the virtual memory permissions for linear memory used the wrong predicate to determine if resetting was necessary, where the compilation process used a different predicate. This divergence meant that the pooling allocator incorrectly deduced at runtime that resetting virtual memory permissions was not necessary while compile-time determine that virtual memory could be relied upon. The pooling allocator must be in use, Config::memory_guard_size configuration option must be 0, Config::memory_reservation configuration must be less than 4GiB, and pooling allocator must be configured with max_memory_size the same as the memory_reservation value in order to exploit this vulnerability. If all of these conditions are applicable then when a linear memory is reused the VM permissions of the previous iteration are not reset. This means that the compiled code, which is assuming out-of-bounds loads will segfault, will not actually segfault and can read the previous contents of linear memory if it was previously mapped. This represents a data leakage vulnerability between guest WebAssembly instances which breaks WebAssembly's semantics and additionally breaks the sandbox that Wasmtime provides. Wasmtime is not vulnerable to this issue with its default settings, nor with the default settings of the pooling allocator, but embeddings are still allowed to configure these values to cause this vulnerability. This vulnerability is fixed in 36.0.7, 42.0.2, and 43.0.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/secu… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| bytecodealliance | wasmtime |
Affected:
>= 28.0.0, < 36.0.7
Affected: >= 37.0.0, < 42.0.2 Affected: >= 43.0.0, < 44.0.1 |
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CVE-2026-34864 (GCVE-0-2026-34864)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-13 04:11 – Updated: 2026-04-13 13:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Boundary-unlimited vulnerability in the application read module.
Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect availability.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
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CVE-2026-34159 (GCVE-0-2026-34159)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-01 16:59 – Updated: 2026-04-02 03:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
llama.cpp: Unauthenticated RCE via GRAPH_COMPUTE buffer=0 bypass in llama.cpp RPC backend
Summary
llama.cpp is an inference of several LLM models in C/C++. Prior to version b8492, the RPC backend's deserialize_tensor() skips all bounds validation when a tensor's buffer field is 0. An unauthenticated attacker can read and write arbitrary process memory via crafted GRAPH_COMPUTE messages. Combined with pointer leaks from ALLOC_BUFFER/BUFFER_GET_BASE, this gives full ASLR bypass and remote code execution. No authentication required, just TCP access to the RPC server port. This issue has been patched in version b8492.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/20908 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/commit/39bf… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-33851 (GCVE-0-2026-33851)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-24 05:48 – Updated: 2026-03-24 14:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer in joncampbell123 doslib
Summary
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in joncampbell123 doslib.This issue affects doslib: before doslib-20250729.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/joncampbell123/doslib/pull/65 | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| joncampbell123 | doslib |
Affected:
0 , < doslib-20250729
(git)
|
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CVE-2026-33849 (GCVE-0-2026-33849)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-24 05:52 – Updated: 2026-03-24 14:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer in linkingvision rapidvms
Summary
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in linkingvision rapidvms.This issue affects rapidvms: before PR#96.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/linkingvision/rapidvms/pull/96 | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
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| linkingvision | rapidvms |
Affected:
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(git)
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Credits
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CVE-2026-33848 (GCVE-0-2026-33848)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-24 05:51 – Updated: 2026-03-24 14:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer in linkingvision rapidvms
Summary
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in linkingvision rapidvms.This issue affects rapidvms: before PR#96.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/linkingvision/rapidvms/pull/96 | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| linkingvision | rapidvms |
Affected:
0 , < PR#96
(git)
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CVE-2026-33847 (GCVE-0-2026-33847)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-24 05:55 – Updated: 2026-03-24 14:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer in linkingvision rapidvms
Summary
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in linkingvision rapidvms.This issue affects rapidvms: before PR#96.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/linkingvision/rapidvms/pull/98 | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| linkingvision | rapidvms |
Affected:
0 , < PR#96
(git)
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CVE-2026-30883 (GCVE-0-2026-30883)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-09 21:45 – Updated: 2026-03-10 14:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ImageMagick has a Heap Overflow when writing extremely large image profile in the PNG encoder
Summary
ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to versions 7.1.2-16 and 6.9.13-41, an extremely large image profile could result in a heap overflow when encoding a PNG image. This vulnerability is fixed in 7.1.2-16 and 6.9.13-41.
Severity
5.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ImageMagick | ImageMagick |
Affected:
>= 7.0.0, < 7.1.2-16
Affected: < 6.9.13-41 |
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Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables
This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the adversary finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers
Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.
CAPEC-123: Buffer Manipulation
An adversary manipulates an application's interaction with a buffer in an attempt to read or modify data they shouldn't have access to. Buffer attacks are distinguished in that it is the buffer space itself that is the target of the attack rather than any code responsible for interpreting the content of the buffer. In virtually all buffer attacks the content that is placed in the buffer is immaterial. Instead, most buffer attacks involve retrieving or providing more input than can be stored in the allocated buffer, resulting in the reading or overwriting of other unintended program memory.
CAPEC-14: Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow
This type of attack exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in targeted client software through injection of malicious content from a custom-built hostile service. This hostile service is created to deliver the correct content to the client software. For example, if the client-side application is a browser, the service will host a webpage that the browser loads.
CAPEC-24: Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow
In this attack, the idea is to cause an active filter to fail by causing an oversized transaction. An attacker may try to feed overly long input strings to the program in an attempt to overwhelm the filter (by causing a buffer overflow) and hoping that the filter does not fail securely (i.e. the user input is let into the system unfiltered).
CAPEC-42: MIME Conversion
An attacker exploits a weakness in the MIME conversion routine to cause a buffer overflow and gain control over the mail server machine. The MIME system is designed to allow various different information formats to be interpreted and sent via e-mail. Attack points exist when data are converted to MIME compatible format and back.
CAPEC-44: Overflow Binary Resource File
An attack of this type exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in the handling of binary resources. Binary resources may include music files like MP3, image files like JPEG files, and any other binary file. These attacks may pass unnoticed to the client machine through normal usage of files, such as a browser loading a seemingly innocent JPEG file. This can allow the adversary access to the execution stack and execute arbitrary code in the target process.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-46: Overflow Variables and Tags
This type of attack leverages the use of tags or variables from a formatted configuration data to cause buffer overflow. The adversary crafts a malicious HTML page or configuration file that includes oversized strings, thus causing an overflow.
CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion
In this attack, the target software is given input that the adversary knows will be modified and expanded in size during processing. This attack relies on the target software failing to anticipate that the expanded data may exceed some internal limit, thereby creating a buffer overflow.
CAPEC-8: Buffer Overflow in an API Call
This attack targets libraries or shared code modules which are vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks. An adversary who has knowledge of known vulnerable libraries or shared code can easily target software that makes use of these libraries. All clients that make use of the code library thus become vulnerable by association. This has a very broad effect on security across a system, usually affecting more than one software process.
CAPEC-9: Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities
This attack targets command-line utilities available in a number of shells. An adversary can leverage a vulnerability found in a command-line utility to escalate privilege to root.