CVE-2025-25291
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-03-12 20:16
Modified
2025-03-20 13:21
Severity ?
9.3 (Critical) - CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Summary
ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.
References
security-advisories@github.comhttps://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released
security-advisories@github.comhttps://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials
security-advisories@github.comhttps://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9
security-advisories@github.comhttps://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97
security-advisories@github.comhttps://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4
security-advisories@github.comhttps://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0
security-advisories@github.comhttps://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm
security-advisories@github.comhttps://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv
security-advisories@github.comhttps://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0010/
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
SAML-Toolkits ruby-saml Version: < 1.12.4
Version: >= 1.13.0, < 1.18.0
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

To clipboard 

{
   containers: {
      adp: [
         {
            metrics: [
               {
                  other: {
                     content: {
                        id: "CVE-2025-25291",
                        options: [
                           {
                              Exploitation: "none",
                           },
                           {
                              Automatable: "yes",
                           },
                           {
                              "Technical Impact": "total",
                           },
                        ],
                        role: "CISA Coordinator",
                        timestamp: "2025-03-17T17:18:44.415844Z",
                        version: "2.0.3",
                     },
                     type: "ssvc",
                  },
               },
            ],
            providerMetadata: {
               dateUpdated: "2025-03-17T17:18:49.962Z",
               orgId: "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
               shortName: "CISA-ADP",
            },
            title: "CISA ADP Vulnrichment",
         },
         {
            providerMetadata: {
               dateUpdated: "2025-03-15T20:47:03.479Z",
               orgId: "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
               shortName: "CVE",
            },
            references: [
               {
                  url: "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0010/",
               },
               {
                  url: "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519",
               },
            ],
            title: "CVE Program Container",
            x_generator: {
               engine: "ADPogram 0.0.1",
            },
         },
      ],
      cna: {
         affected: [
            {
               product: "ruby-saml",
               vendor: "SAML-Toolkits",
               versions: [
                  {
                     status: "affected",
                     version: "< 1.12.4",
                  },
                  {
                     status: "affected",
                     version: ">= 1.13.0, < 1.18.0",
                  },
               ],
            },
         ],
         descriptions: [
            {
               lang: "en",
               value: "ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.",
            },
         ],
         metrics: [
            {
               cvssV4_0: {
                  attackComplexity: "LOW",
                  attackRequirements: "NONE",
                  attackVector: "NETWORK",
                  baseScore: 9.3,
                  baseSeverity: "CRITICAL",
                  privilegesRequired: "NONE",
                  subAvailabilityImpact: "NONE",
                  subConfidentialityImpact: "NONE",
                  subIntegrityImpact: "NONE",
                  userInteraction: "NONE",
                  vectorString: "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
                  version: "4.0",
                  vulnAvailabilityImpact: "NONE",
                  vulnConfidentialityImpact: "HIGH",
                  vulnIntegrityImpact: "HIGH",
               },
            },
         ],
         problemTypes: [
            {
               descriptions: [
                  {
                     cweId: "CWE-347",
                     description: "CWE-347: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature",
                     lang: "en",
                     type: "CWE",
                  },
               ],
            },
            {
               descriptions: [
                  {
                     cweId: "CWE-436",
                     description: "CWE-436: Interpretation Conflict",
                     lang: "en",
                     type: "CWE",
                  },
               ],
            },
         ],
         providerMetadata: {
            dateUpdated: "2025-03-20T13:21:57.931Z",
            orgId: "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
            shortName: "GitHub_M",
         },
         references: [
            {
               name: "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm",
               tags: [
                  "x_refsource_CONFIRM",
               ],
               url: "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm",
            },
            {
               name: "https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv",
               tags: [
                  "x_refsource_MISC",
               ],
               url: "https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv",
            },
            {
               name: "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9",
               tags: [
                  "x_refsource_MISC",
               ],
               url: "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9",
            },
            {
               name: "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97",
               tags: [
                  "x_refsource_MISC",
               ],
               url: "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97",
            },
            {
               name: "https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released",
               tags: [
                  "x_refsource_MISC",
               ],
               url: "https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released",
            },
            {
               name: "https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials",
               tags: [
                  "x_refsource_MISC",
               ],
               url: "https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials",
            },
            {
               name: "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4",
               tags: [
                  "x_refsource_MISC",
               ],
               url: "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4",
            },
            {
               name: "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0",
               tags: [
                  "x_refsource_MISC",
               ],
               url: "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0",
            },
            {
               name: "https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins",
               tags: [
                  "x_refsource_MISC",
               ],
               url: "https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins",
            },
         ],
         source: {
            advisory: "GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm",
            discovery: "UNKNOWN",
         },
         title: "ruby-saml vulnerable to SAML authentication bypass due to DOCTYPE handling (parser differential)",
      },
   },
   cveMetadata: {
      assignerOrgId: "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
      assignerShortName: "GitHub_M",
      cveId: "CVE-2025-25291",
      datePublished: "2025-03-12T20:16:12.181Z",
      dateReserved: "2025-02-06T17:13:33.122Z",
      dateUpdated: "2025-03-20T13:21:57.931Z",
      state: "PUBLISHED",
   },
   dataType: "CVE_RECORD",
   dataVersion: "5.1",
   "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
      nvd: "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-25291\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"published\":\"2025-03-12T21:15:42.000\",\"lastModified\":\"2025-03-20T14:15:24.050\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Awaiting Analysis\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"ruby-saml proporciona inicio de sesión único (SSO) con lenguaje de marcado para aserciones de seguridad (SAML) para Ruby. Se detectó una vulnerabilidad de omisión de autenticación en ruby-saml anterior a las versiones 1.12.4 y 1.18.0 debido a una diferencia en el analizador. ReXML y Nokogiri analizan XML de forma diferente; los analizadores pueden generar estructuras de documento completamente distintas a partir de la misma entrada XML. Esto permite a un atacante ejecutar un ataque de envoltura de firma. Este problema puede provocar la omisión de autenticación. Las versiones 1.12.4 y 1.18.0 solucionan el problema.\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV40\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"4.0\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X\",\"baseScore\":9.3,\"baseSeverity\":\"CRITICAL\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"attackRequirements\":\"NONE\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"vulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"vulnIntegrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"vulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"subConfidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"subIntegrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"subAvailabilityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"exploitMaturity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"confidentialityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"integrityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"availabilityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackVector\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackComplexity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackRequirements\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedPrivilegesRequired\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedUserInteraction\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Safety\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Automatable\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Recovery\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"valueDensity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"vulnerabilityResponseEffort\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"providerUrgency\":\"NOT_DEFINED\"}}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-347\"},{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-436\"}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0010/\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}]}}",
      vulnrichment: {
         containers: "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CVE Program Container\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0010/\"}, {\"url\": \"https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"ADPogram 0.0.1\"}, \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"shortName\": \"CVE\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-03-15T20:47:03.479Z\"}}, {\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-25291\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"yes\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"total\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-03-17T17:18:44.415844Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-03-12T20:37:07.138Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"ruby-saml vulnerable to SAML authentication bypass due to DOCTYPE handling (parser differential)\", \"source\": {\"advisory\": \"GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm\", \"discovery\": \"UNKNOWN\"}, \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV4_0\": {\"version\": \"4.0\", \"baseScore\": 9.3, \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"baseSeverity\": \"CRITICAL\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"attackRequirements\": \"NONE\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"subIntegrityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnIntegrityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"subAvailabilityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnAvailabilityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"subConfidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnConfidentialityImpact\": \"HIGH\"}}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"SAML-Toolkits\", \"product\": \"ruby-saml\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"< 1.12.4\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \">= 1.13.0, < 1.18.0\"}]}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_CONFIRM\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released\", \"name\": \"https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials\", \"name\": \"https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins\", \"name\": \"https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}], \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.\"}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-347\", \"description\": \"CWE-347: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature\"}]}, {\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-436\", \"description\": \"CWE-436: Interpretation Conflict\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa\", \"shortName\": \"GitHub_M\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-03-20T13:21:57.931Z\"}}}",
         cveMetadata: "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-25291\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-03-20T13:21:57.931Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-02-06T17:13:33.122Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-03-12T20:16:12.181Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"GitHub_M\"}",
         dataType: "CVE_RECORD",
         dataVersion: "5.1",
      },
   },
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.

Security Advisory comment format.

This schema specifies the format of a comment related to a security advisory.

UUIDv4 of the comment
UUIDv4 of the Vulnerability-Lookup instance
When the comment was created originally
When the comment was last updated
Title of the comment
Description of the comment
The identifier of the vulnerability (CVE ID, GHSA-ID, PYSEC ID, etc.).



Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
  • Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.