FKIE_CVE-2025-25291
Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-03-12 21:15 - Updated: 2026-06-17 09:00
Severity
Summary
ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| omniauth | omniauth_saml | * | |
| omniauth | omniauth_saml | * | |
| omniauth | omniauth_saml | * | |
| onelogin | ruby-saml | * | |
| onelogin | ruby-saml | * | |
| netapp | storagegrid | - |
{
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"product": "ruby-saml",
"vendor": "SAML-Toolkits",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 1.12.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 1.13.0, \u003c 1.18.0"
}
]
}
],
"source": "security-advisories@github.com"
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"nodes": [
{
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"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:omniauth:omniauth_saml:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "AB57A4CB-E546-42D7-AB8D-D86E979C80C1",
"versionEndExcluding": "1.10.6",
"vulnerable": true
},
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"matchCriteriaId": "58E37D56-71A9-417D-B0DD-EBDC2EA3855F",
"versionEndExcluding": "2.1.3",
"versionStartIncluding": "2.0.0",
"vulnerable": true
},
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"versionEndExcluding": "2.2.3",
"versionStartIncluding": "2.2.0",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "EB0F9A57-0F32-4ECC-97B4-1F87DD7D7FD6",
"versionEndExcluding": "1.12.4",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "455E8699-D6C2-4BFF-B4FD-2329E0F1E910",
"versionEndExcluding": "1.18.0",
"versionStartIncluding": "1.13.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
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"negate": false,
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"nodes": [
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"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "ruby-saml proporciona inicio de sesi\u00f3n \u00fanico (SSO) con lenguaje de marcado para aserciones de seguridad (SAML) para Ruby. Se detect\u00f3 una vulnerabilidad de omisi\u00f3n de autenticaci\u00f3n en ruby-saml anterior a las versiones 1.12.4 y 1.18.0 debido a una diferencia en el analizador. ReXML y Nokogiri analizan XML de forma diferente; los analizadores pueden generar estructuras de documento completamente distintas a partir de la misma entrada XML. Esto permite a un atacante ejecutar un ataque de envoltura de firma. Este problema puede provocar la omisi\u00f3n de autenticaci\u00f3n. Las versiones 1.12.4 y 1.18.0 solucionan el problema."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-25291",
"lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:00:37.610",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 9.8,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
],
"cvssMetricV40": [
{
"cvssData": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"baseScore": 9.3,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2025-25291",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"automatable": "yes"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-04-03T20:06:31.066662Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2025-03-12T21:15:42.000",
"references": [
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Exploit",
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Release Notes"
],
"url": "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Release Notes"
],
"url": "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Exploit",
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2024-329_GHSL-2024-330_ruby-saml"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00011.html"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Issue Tracking"
],
"url": "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0010/"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
"vulnStatus": "Modified",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-347"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-436"
}
],
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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