CVE-2021-39144 (GCVE-0-2021-39144)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-08-23 00:00 – Updated: 2025-10-21 23:25
VLAI CISA Shadowserver KEVIntel
Title
XStream is vulnerable to a Remote Command Execution attack
Summary
XStream is a simple library to serialize objects to XML and back again. In affected versions this vulnerability may allow a remote attacker has sufficient rights to execute commands of the host only by manipulating the processed input stream. No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream's security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types. XStream 1.4.18 uses no longer a blacklist by default, since it cannot be secured for general purpose.
Severity
8.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: active Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
x-stream xstream Affected: < 1.4.18
Create a notification for this product.
CISA
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: ee560bf5-02e3-42fc-98df-db54163a8b91

Vulnerability ID: CVE-2021-39144

Status: Confirmed

Status Updated: 2023-03-10 00:00 UTC

Exploited: Yes

Timestamps
First Seen: 2023-03-10
Asserted: 2023-03-10
Scope
Notes: KEV entry: XStream Remote Code Execution Vulnerability | Affected: XStream / XStream | Description: XStream contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows an attacker to manipulate the processed input stream and replace or inject objects that result in the execution of a local command on the server. This vulnerability can affect multiple products, including but not limited to VMware Cloud Foundation. | Required action: Apply updates per vendor instructions. | Due date: 2023-03-31 | Known ransomware campaign use (KEV): Unknown | Notes (KEV): https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2022-0027.html, https://x-stream.github.io/CVE-2021-39144.html; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-39144
Evidence

Type: Vendor Report

Signal: Successful Exploitation

Confidence: 80%

Source: cisa-kev

Details
Cwes CWE-94 CWE-502
Feed CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog
Product XStream
Due Date 2023-03-31
Date Added 2023-03-10
Vendorproject XStream
Vulnerabilityname XStream Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Knownransomwarecampaignuse Unknown
References
Created: 2026-02-02 12:27 UTC | Updated: 2026-02-06 07:17 UTC
Shadowserver
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: 35c21e03-c73a-4aef-bcdb-b3a212c06f7e

Vulnerability ID: CVE-2021-39144

Status: Confirmed

Status Updated: 2026-07-12 00:00 UTC

Exploited: Yes

Characteristics
Severity: 85.0
Timestamps
First Seen: 2023-10-23
Asserted: 2023-10-23
Last Seen: 2026-07-12
Scope
Asset Exposure: ['internet-facing']
Notes: Affected: VMware / VMware NSX Manager XStream | Class: device-management-platform | Severity: High (CVSS 8.5) | IoT: no | In CISA KEV: yes | Honeypot connections on 2026-07-12: 15
Evidence

Type: Honeypot

Signal: In The Wild Attempts

Confidence: 70%

Source: shadowserver

Details
1D 1
Iot no
Feed Shadowserver Foundation honeypot/exploited-vulnerabilities
Type http-scan
Class device-management-platform
7D Avg 0
Vendor VMware
30D Avg 0
90D Avg 0
Product VMware NSX Manager XStream
Cisa Kev yes
Connections 15
Observation Date 2026-07-12
Vulnerability Class CVSS
Vulnerability Score 8.5
Vulnerability Severity High
References
Created: 2026-06-30 09:23 UTC | Updated: 2026-07-14 01:01 UTC
KEVIntel
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: 5af6429c-a36d-4702-a467-f49d7cbbec02

Vulnerability ID: CVE-2021-39144

Status: Confirmed

Status Updated: 2023-03-10 00:00 UTC

Exploited: Yes

Timestamps
First Seen: 2023-03-10
Asserted: 2023-03-10
Scope
Notes: KEVIntel entry: XStream is vulnerable to a Remote Command Execution attack | Affected: x-stream / xstream | CVSS: 8.5 (HIGH) | Used in malware: unknown | Not yet in CISA KEV: False
Evidence

Type: Public Report

Signal: Successful Exploitation

Confidence: 70%

Source: kevintel

Details
Feed KEVIntel (kevintel.com)
Title XStream is vulnerable to a Remote Command Execution attack
Vendor x-stream
Product xstream
Added Date 2023-03-10T00:00:00.000Z
Cvss Score 8.5
Epss Score None
Cvss Severity HIGH
Epss Percentile None
Used In Malware unknown
Ahead Of Cisa Kev None
Not Yet In Cisa Kev False
References
Created: 2026-06-23 14:05 UTC | Updated: 2026-07-10 06:14 UTC
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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      "descriptions": "[{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"XStream is a simple library to serialize objects to XML and back again. In affected versions this vulnerability may allow a remote attacker has sufficient rights to execute commands of the host only by manipulating the processed input stream. No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream\u0027s security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types. XStream 1.4.18 uses no longer a blacklist by default, since it cannot be secured for general purpose.\"}, {\"lang\": \"es\", \"value\": \"XStream es una biblioteca sencilla para serializar objetos a XML y viceversa. En las versiones afectadas esta vulnerabilidad puede permitir que un atacante remoto tenga los derechos suficientes para ejecutar comandos del host s\\u00f3lo al manipular el flujo de entrada procesado. No est\\u00e1 afectado ning\\u00fan usuario que haya seguido la recomendaci\\u00f3n de configurar el framework de seguridad de XStream con una lista blanca limitada a los tipos m\\u00ednimos necesarios. XStream versi\\u00f3n 1.4.18 ya no usa una lista negra por defecto, ya que no puede ser asegurada para fines generales.\"}]",
      "id": "CVE-2021-39144",
      "lastModified": "2024-11-21T06:18:41.480",
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      "published": "2021-08-23T18:15:12.087",
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      "product_status:fixed": "19",
      "product_status:known_affected": "9",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "19",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
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      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.1"
    }
  }
}



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Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.