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CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
CVE-2021-40359 (GCVE-0-2021-40359)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-11-09 11:32 – Updated: 2024-08-04 02:44
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in OpenPCS 7 V8.2 (All versions), OpenPCS 7 V9.0 (All versions < V9.0 Upd4), OpenPCS 7 V9.1 (All versions), SIMATIC BATCH V8.2 (All versions), SIMATIC BATCH V9.0 (All versions), SIMATIC BATCH V9.1 (All versions), SIMATIC NET PC Software V14 (All versions), SIMATIC NET PC Software V15 (All versions), SIMATIC NET PC Software V16 (All versions < V16 Update 6), SIMATIC NET PC Software V17 (All versions < V17 SP1), SIMATIC PCS 7 V8.2 (All versions), SIMATIC PCS 7 V9.0 (All versions < V9.0 SP3 UC04), SIMATIC PCS 7 V9.1 (All versions < V9.1 SP1), SIMATIC Route Control V8.2 (All versions), SIMATIC Route Control V9.0 (All versions), SIMATIC Route Control V9.1 (All versions), SIMATIC WinCC V15 and earlier (All versions < V15 SP1 Update 7), SIMATIC WinCC V16 (All versions < V16 Update 5), SIMATIC WinCC V17 (All versions < V17 Update 2), SIMATIC WinCC V7.4 (All versions < V7.4 SP1 Update 19), SIMATIC WinCC V7.5 (All versions < V7.5 SP2 Update 5). When downloading files, the affected systems do not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname. An attacker could then cause the pathname to resolve to a location outside of the restricted directory on the server and read unexpected critical files.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
21 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Siemens | OpenPCS 7 V8.2 |
Affected:
All versions
|
|
| Siemens | OpenPCS 7 V9.0 |
Affected:
All versions < V9.0 Upd4
|
|
| Siemens | OpenPCS 7 V9.1 |
Affected:
All versions
|
|
| Siemens | SIMATIC BATCH V8.2 |
Affected:
All versions
|
|
| Siemens | SIMATIC BATCH V9.0 |
Affected:
All versions
|
|
| Siemens | SIMATIC BATCH V9.1 |
Affected:
All versions
|
|
| Siemens | SIMATIC NET PC Software V14 |
Affected:
All versions
|
|
| Siemens | SIMATIC NET PC Software V15 |
Affected:
All versions
|
|
| Siemens | SIMATIC NET PC Software V16 |
Affected:
All versions < V16 Update 6
|
|
| Siemens | SIMATIC NET PC Software V17 |
Affected:
All versions < V17 SP1
|
|
| Siemens | SIMATIC PCS 7 V8.2 |
Affected:
All versions
|
|
| Siemens | SIMATIC PCS 7 V9.0 |
Affected:
All versions < V9.0 SP3 UC04
|
|
| Siemens | SIMATIC PCS 7 V9.1 |
Affected:
All versions < V9.1 SP1
|
|
| Siemens | SIMATIC Route Control V8.2 |
Affected:
All versions
|
|
| Siemens | SIMATIC Route Control V9.0 |
Affected:
All versions
|
|
| Siemens | SIMATIC Route Control V9.1 |
Affected:
All versions
|
|
| Siemens | SIMATIC WinCC V15 and earlier |
Affected:
All versions < V15 SP1 Update 7
|
|
| Siemens | SIMATIC WinCC V16 |
Affected:
All versions < V16 Update 5
|
|
| Siemens | SIMATIC WinCC V17 |
Affected:
All versions < V17 Update 2
|
|
| Siemens | SIMATIC WinCC V7.4 |
Affected:
All versions < V7.4 SP1 Update 19
|
|
| Siemens | SIMATIC WinCC V7.5 |
Affected:
All versions < V7.5 SP2 Update 5
|
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CVE-2021-40525 (GCVE-0-2021-40525)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-01-04 08:55 – Updated: 2024-08-04 02:44
VLAI
Title
Sieve file storage vulnerable to path traversal attacks
Summary
Apache James ManagedSieve implementation alongside with the file storage for sieve scripts is vulnerable to path traversal, allowing reading and writing any file. This vulnerability had been patched in Apache James 3.6.1 and higher. We recommend the upgrade. Distributed and Cassandra based products are also not impacted.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/01/04/4 | mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/02/07/1 | mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache James |
Affected:
Apache James , ≤ 3.6.0
(custom)
|
Credits
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CVE-2021-40724 (GCVE-0-2021-40724)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-15 14:22 – Updated: 2024-09-17 00:46
VLAI
Title
Adobe Acrobat Reader Android Abritrary Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Acrobat Reader for Android versions 21.8.0 (and earlier) are affected by a Path traversal vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') (CWE-22)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/reader-… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adobe | Reader Mobile |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ 21.8.0
(custom)
Affected: unspecified , ≤ None (custom) |
Date Public
2021-10-12 00:00
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CVE-2021-40745 (GCVE-0-2021-40745)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-11-17 15:44 – Updated: 2025-04-23 19:22
VLAI
Title
Adobe Campaign Path Traversal Leads to Information Exposure
Summary
Adobe Campaign version 21.2.1 (and earlier) is affected by a Path Traversal vulnerability that could lead to reading arbitrary server files. By leveraging an exposed XML file, an unauthenticated attacker can enumerate other files on the server.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') (CWE-22)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/campaig… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
Date Public
2021-10-12 00:00
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CVE-2021-41103 (GCVE-0-2021-41103)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-04 00:00 – Updated: 2024-08-04 02:59
VLAI
Title
Insufficiently restricted permissions on plugin directories
Summary
containerd is an open source container runtime with an emphasis on simplicity, robustness and portability. A bug was found in containerd where container root directories and some plugins had insufficiently restricted permissions, allowing otherwise unprivileged Linux users to traverse directory contents and execute programs. When containers included executable programs with extended permission bits (such as setuid), unprivileged Linux users could discover and execute those programs. When the UID of an unprivileged Linux user on the host collided with the file owner or group inside a container, the unprivileged Linux user on the host could discover, read, and modify those files. This vulnerability has been fixed in containerd 1.4.11 and containerd 1.5.7. Users should update to these version when they are released and may restart containers or update directory permissions to mitigate the vulnerability. Users unable to update should limit access to the host to trusted users. Update directory permission on container bundles directories.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
7 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| containerd | containerd |
Affected:
< 1.4.11
Affected: >= 1.5.0, < 1.5.7 |
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CVE-2021-41127 (GCVE-0-2021-41127)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-21 20:15 – Updated: 2024-08-04 02:59
VLAI
Title
Maliciously Crafted Model Archive Can Lead To Arbitrary File Write in rasa
Summary
Rasa is an open source machine learning framework to automate text-and voice-based conversations. In affected versions a vulnerability exists in the functionality that loads a trained model `tar.gz` file which allows a malicious actor to craft a `model.tar.gz` file which can overwrite or replace bot files in the bot directory. The vulnerability is fixed in Rasa 2.8.10. For users unable to update ensure that users do not upload untrusted model files, and restrict CLI or API endpoint access where a malicious actor could target a deployed Rasa instance.
Severity
7.3 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/RasaHQ/rasa/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/RasaHQ/rasa/commit/1b6b502f52d… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2021-41131 (GCVE-0-2021-41131)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-19 17:50 – Updated: 2024-11-18 22:45
VLAI
Title
Client metadata path-traversal in python-tuf
Summary
python-tuf is a Python reference implementation of The Update Framework (TUF). In both clients (`tuf/client` and `tuf/ngclient`), there is a path traversal vulnerability that in the worst case can overwrite files ending in `.json` anywhere on the client system on a call to `get_one_valid_targetinfo()`. It occurs because the rolename is used to form the filename, and may contain path traversal characters (ie `../../name.json`). The impact is mitigated by a few facts: It only affects implementations that allow arbitrary rolename selection for delegated targets metadata, The attack requires the ability to A) insert new metadata for the path-traversing role and B) get the role delegated by an existing targets metadata, The written file content is heavily restricted since it needs to be a valid, signed targets file. The file extension is always .json. A fix is available in version 0.19 or newer. There are no workarounds that do not require code changes. Clients can restrict the allowed character set for rolenames, or they can store metadata in files named in a way that is not vulnerable: neither of these approaches is possible without modifying python-tuf.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/theupdateframework/python-tuf/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/theupdateframework/python-tuf/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/theupdateframework/python-tuf/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| theupdateframework | python-tuf |
Affected:
< 0.19.0
|
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CVE-2021-41149 (GCVE-0-2021-41149)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-19 18:00 – Updated: 2024-08-04 02:59
VLAI
Title
Improper sanitization of target names in tough
Summary
Tough provides a set of Rust libraries and tools for using and generating the update framework (TUF) repositories. The tough library, prior to 0.12.0, does not properly sanitize target names when caching a repository, or when saving specific targets to an output directory. When targets are cached or saved, files could be overwritten with arbitrary content anywhere on the system. A fix is available in version 0.12.0. No workarounds to this issue are known.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/awslabs/tough/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2021-41150 (GCVE-0-2021-41150)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-19 19:55 – Updated: 2024-08-04 02:59
VLAI
Title
Improper sanitization of delegated role names in tough
Summary
Tough provides a set of Rust libraries and tools for using and generating the update framework (TUF) repositories. The tough library, prior to 0.12.0, does not properly sanitize delegated role names when caching a repository, or when loading a repository from the filesystem. When the repository is cached or loaded, files ending with the .json extension could be overwritten with role metadata anywhere on the system. A fix is available in version 0.12.0. No workarounds to this issue are known.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/awslabs/tough/commit/1809b9bd1… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/awslabs/tough/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/theupdateframework/python-tuf/… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2021-41151 (GCVE-0-2021-41151)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-18 20:30 – Updated: 2024-08-04 02:59
VLAI
Title
Path Traversal in @backstage/plugin-scaffolder-backend
Summary
Backstage is an open platform for building developer portals. In affected versions A malicious actor could read sensitive files from the environment where Scaffolder Tasks are run. The attack is executed by crafting a custom Scaffolder template with a `github:publish:pull-request` action and a particular source path. When the template is executed the sensitive files would be included in the published pull request. This vulnerability is mitigated by the fact that an attacker would need access to create and register templates in the Backstage catalog, and that the attack is very visible given that the exfiltration happens via a pull request. The vulnerability is patched in the `0.15.9` release of `@backstage/plugin-scaffolder-backend`.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/backstage/backstage/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/backstage/backstage/commit/696… | x_refsource_MISC |
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Mitigation ID: MIT-5.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-20.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation ID: MIT-4
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation ID: MIT-29
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Description:
- Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation ID: MIT-17
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-21.1
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
Description:
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation ID: MIT-34
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Description:
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation ID: MIT-39
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation ID: MIT-16
Phases: Operation, Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.