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CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
CVE-2021-42022 (GCVE-0-2021-42022)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-12-14 12:06 – Updated: 2024-08-04 03:22
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC eaSie PCS 7 Skill Package (All versions < V21.00 SP3). When downloading files, the affected systems do not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname. An attacker could then cause the pathname to resolve to a location outside of the restricted directory on the server and read unexpected critical files. The affected file download function is disabled by default.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/s… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Siemens | SIMATIC eaSie PCS 7 Skill Package |
Affected:
All versions < V21.00 SP3
|
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CVE-2021-42542 (GCVE-0-2021-42542)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-22 13:23 – Updated: 2024-09-16 17:52
VLAI
Title
Emerson WirelessHART Gateway
Summary
The affected product is vulnerable to directory traversal due to mishandling of provided backup folder structure.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-21-278-02 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Emerson | WirelessHART Gateway |
Affected:
1410 , ≤ 4.7.94
(custom)
Affected: 1410D , ≤ 4.7.94 (custom) Affected: 1420 , ≤ 4.7.94 (custom) |
Date Public
2021-10-05 00:00
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CVE-2021-42811 (GCVE-0-2021-42811)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-06-10 10:20 – Updated: 2024-09-16 21:08
VLAI
Title
Vulnerability in SafeNet KeySecure
Summary
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in SafeNet KeySecure allows an authenticated user to read arbitrary files from the underlying system on which the product is deployed.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://supportportal.thalesgroup.com/csm?id=kb_a… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thales DIS | SafeNet KeySecure |
Affected:
8.12.4 , ≤ 8.12.4
(custom)
|
Date Public
2022-06-09 00:00
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CVE-2021-43358 (GCVE-0-2021-43358)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-12-01 02:00 – Updated: 2024-09-17 02:21
VLAI
Title
Sunnet eHRD - Path Traversal
Summary
Sunnet eHRD has inadequate filtering for special characters in URLs, which allows a remote attacker to perform path traversal attacks without authentication, access restricted paths and download system files.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-5353-4ebee-1.html | x_refsource_MISC |
Date Public
2021-11-30 00:00
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CVE-2021-43775 (GCVE-0-2021-43775)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-11-23 19:15 – Updated: 2024-08-04 04:03
VLAI
Title
Arbitrary file reading vulnerability in Aim
Summary
Aim is an open-source, self-hosted machine learning experiment tracking tool. Versions of Aim prior to 3.1.0 are vulnerable to a path traversal attack. By manipulating variables that reference files with “dot-dot-slash (../)” sequences and its variations or by using absolute file paths, it may be possible to access arbitrary files and directories stored on file system including application source code or configuration and critical system files. The vulnerability issue is resolved in Aim v3.1.0.
Severity
8.6 (High)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/aimhubio/aim/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/aimhubio/aim/issues/999 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/aimhubio/aim/pull/1003 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/aimhubio/aim/pull/1003/commits… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/aimhubio/aim/blob/0b99c6ca08e0… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2021-43778 (GCVE-0-2021-43778)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-11-24 18:50 – Updated: 2025-09-08 15:26
VLAI
Title
Path traversal in GLPI barcode plugin
Summary
Barcode is a GLPI plugin for printing barcodes and QR codes. GLPI instances version 2.x prior to version 2.6.1 with the barcode plugin installed are vulnerable to a path traversal vulnerability. This issue was patched in version 2.6.1. As a workaround, delete the `front/send.php` file.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pluginsGLPI/barcode/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/pluginsGLPI/barcode/commit/428… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/hansmach1ne/MyExploits/tree/ma… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/pluginsGLPI/barcode/releases/t… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/hansmach1ne/CVE-portfolio/tree… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| pluginsGLPI | barcode |
Affected:
>= 2.0.0, < 2.6.1
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CVE-2021-43783 (GCVE-0-2021-43783)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-11-29 19:20 – Updated: 2024-08-04 04:03
VLAI
Title
Path Traversal in @backstage/plugin-scaffolder-backend
Summary
@backstage/plugin-scaffolder-backend is the backend for the default Backstage software templates. In affected versions a malicious actor with write access to a registered scaffolder template is able to manipulate the template in a way that writes files to arbitrary paths on the scaffolder-backend host instance. This vulnerability can in some situation also be exploited through user input when executing a template, meaning you do not need write access to the templates. This method will not allow the attacker to control the contents of the injected file however, unless the template is also crafted in a specific way that gives control of the file contents. This vulnerability is fixed in version `0.15.14` of the `@backstage/plugin-scaffolder-backend`. This attack is mitigated by restricting access and requiring reviews when registering or modifying scaffolder templates.
Severity
8.5 (High)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/backstage/backstage/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/backstage/backstage/commit/f93… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2021-43788 (GCVE-0-2021-43788)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-11-29 19:35 – Updated: 2024-08-04 04:03
VLAI
Title
Path traversal in translator module of NobeBB
Summary
Nodebb is an open source Node.js based forum software. Prior to v1.18.5, a path traversal vulnerability was present that allowed users to access JSON files outside of the expected `languages/` directory. The vulnerability has been patched as of v1.18.5. Users are advised to upgrade as soon as possible.
Severity
5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/NodeBB/NodeBB/releases/tag/v1.18.5 | x_refsource_MISC |
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| https://github.com/NodeBB/NodeBB/commit/c8b2fc46d… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://blog.sonarsource.com/nodebb-remote-code-e… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2021-43795 (GCVE-0-2021-43795)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-12-02 18:00 – Updated: 2024-08-04 04:03
VLAI
Title
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') in com.linecorp.armeria:armeria
Summary
Armeria is an open source microservice framework. In affected versions an attacker can access an Armeria server's local file system beyond its restricted directory by sending an HTTP request whose path contains `%2F` (encoded `/`), such as `/files/..%2Fsecrets.txt`, bypassing Armeria's path validation logic. Armeria 1.13.4 or above contains the hardened path validation logic that handles `%2F` properly. This vulnerability can be worked around by inserting a decorator that performs an additional validation on the request path.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/line/armeria/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/line/armeria/pull/3855 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/line/armeria/commit/e2697a575e… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2021-43798 (GCVE-0-2021-43798)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-12-07 18:25 – Updated: 2025-10-21 23:25
VLAI
Title
Grafana path traversal
Summary
Grafana is an open-source platform for monitoring and observability. Grafana versions 8.0.0-beta1 through 8.3.0 (except for patched versions) iss vulnerable to directory traversal, allowing access to local files. The vulnerable URL path is: `<grafana_host_url>/public/plugins//`, where is the plugin ID for any installed plugin. At no time has Grafana Cloud been vulnerable. Users are advised to upgrade to patched versions 8.0.7, 8.1.8, 8.2.7, or 8.3.1. The GitHub Security Advisory contains more information about vulnerable URL paths, mitigation, and the disclosure timeline.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
9 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/grafana/grafana/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/grafana/grafana/commit/c798c0e… | x_refsource_MISC |
| http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/165198/Grafa… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://grafana.com/blog/2021/12/08/an-update-on-… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/165221/Grafa… | x_refsource_MISC |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/12/09/2 | mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/12/10/4 | mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST |
| https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2021122… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilit… | government-resource |
Impacted products
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Mitigation ID: MIT-5.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-20.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation ID: MIT-4
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation ID: MIT-29
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Description:
- Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation ID: MIT-17
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-21.1
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
Description:
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation ID: MIT-34
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Description:
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation ID: MIT-39
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation ID: MIT-16
Phases: Operation, Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.