Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-94

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

8272 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-FWPQ-7JCM-8Q4C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:32 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:32
VLAI
Details

Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in Portail Web Php 2.5.1.1 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the site_path parameter to (1) config/conf-activation.php, (2) menu/item.php, and (3) modules/conf_modules.php in admin/system/; and (4) system/login.php. NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2008-0645"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2008-02-07T21:00:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in Portail Web Php 2.5.1.1 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the site_path parameter to (1) config/conf-activation.php, (2) menu/item.php, and (3) modules/conf_modules.php in admin/system/; and (4) system/login.php.  NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.",
  "id": "GHSA-fwpq-7jcm-8q4c",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T23:32:07Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T23:32:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-0645"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/27616"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-FWQ9-RXHV-QH9W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-08 12:34 – Updated: 2025-05-08 12:34
VLAI
Details

The NEX-Forms – Ultimate Form Builder – Contact forms and much more plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Limited Code Execution in all versions up to, and including, 8.9.1 via the get_table_records function. This is due to the unsanitized use of user-supplied input in call_user_func(). This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Custom-level access, to execute arbitrary PHP functions that meet specific constraints (static methods or global functions accepting a single array parameter).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-4208"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-08T12:15:18Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The NEX-Forms \u2013 Ultimate Form Builder \u2013 Contact forms and much more plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Limited Code Execution in all versions up to, and including, 8.9.1 via the get_table_records function. This is due to the unsanitized use of user-supplied input in call_user_func(). This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Custom-level access, to execute arbitrary PHP functions that meet specific constraints (static methods or global functions accepting a single array parameter).",
  "id": "GHSA-fwq9-rxhv-qh9w",
  "modified": "2025-05-08T12:34:30Z",
  "published": "2025-05-08T12:34:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-4208"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/nex-forms-express-wp-form-builder/trunk/includes/classes/class.dashboard.php?rev=3226607#L3420"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/1d2b7215-d3a7-4e5a-ae9b-65fecc26dceb?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FWR4-XGJ3-34F3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:10 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:10
VLAI
Details

Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in V-webmail 1.6.4 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the (1) CONFIG[pear_dir] parameter to (a) Mail/RFC822.php, (b) Net/Socket.php, (c) XML/Parser.php, (d) XML/Tree.php, (e) Mail/mimeDecode.php, (f) Console/Getopt.php, (g) System.php, (h) Log.php, and (i) File.php in includes/pear/; the CONFIG[pear_dir] parameter to (j) includes/prepend.php, and (k) includes/cachedConfig.php; and the (2) CONFIG[includes] parameter to (l) prepend.php and (m) email.list.search.php in includes/. NOTE: the CONFIG[pear_dir] parameter to includes/mailaccess/pop3.php is already covered by CVE-2006-2666.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2008-6840"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2009-07-01T13:00:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in V-webmail 1.6.4 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the (1) CONFIG[pear_dir] parameter to (a) Mail/RFC822.php, (b) Net/Socket.php, (c) XML/Parser.php, (d) XML/Tree.php, (e) Mail/mimeDecode.php, (f) Console/Getopt.php, (g) System.php, (h) Log.php, and (i) File.php in includes/pear/; the CONFIG[pear_dir] parameter to (j) includes/prepend.php, and (k) includes/cachedConfig.php; and the (2) CONFIG[includes] parameter to (l) prepend.php and (m) email.list.search.php in includes/.  NOTE: the CONFIG[pear_dir] parameter to includes/mailaccess/pop3.php is already covered by CVE-2006-2666.",
  "id": "GHSA-fwr4-xgj3-34f3",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T02:10:06Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:10:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-6840"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/46680"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.org/0807-exploits/vwebmail-rfi.txt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/30162"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-FWV4-6MXC-X5H3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-29 20:06 – Updated: 2022-09-16 19:37
VLAI
Summary
morgan-json vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution
Details

All versions of package morgan-json are vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution due to missing sanitization of input passed to the Function constructor.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "morgan-json"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "1.1.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-25921"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-09-16T19:37:53Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-08-29T05:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "All versions of package morgan-json are vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution due to missing sanitization of input passed to the `Function` constructor.",
  "id": "GHSA-fwv4-6mxc-x5h3",
  "modified": "2022-09-16T19:37:53Z",
  "published": "2022-08-29T20:06:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25921"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/indexzero/morgan-json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/indexzero/morgan-json/blob/3a76010215a4256d41687d082cd66c4f00ea5717/index.js%23L46"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-MORGANJSON-2976193"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "morgan-json vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution"
}

GHSA-FWVG-JR4J-P326

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-11 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-11 18:30
VLAI
Details

NVIDIA NeMo Framework for all platforms contains a vulnerability in a script, where malicious input created by an attacker may cause improper control of code generation. A successful exploit of this vulnerability may lead to code execution, escalation of privileges, information disclosure, and data tampering.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-23361"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-11T17:15:41Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "NVIDIA NeMo Framework for all platforms contains a vulnerability in a script, where malicious input created by an attacker may cause improper control of code generation. A successful exploit of this vulnerability may lead to code execution, escalation of privileges, information disclosure, and data tampering.",
  "id": "GHSA-fwvg-jr4j-p326",
  "modified": "2025-11-11T18:30:18Z",
  "published": "2025-11-11T18:30:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23361"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/5718"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-23361"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FX2J-QF8P-F9PH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-11 18:30 – Updated: 2026-03-12 15:30
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in Lantronix EDS5000 2.1.0.0R3. An authenticated attacker can inject OS commands into the "name" parameter when deleting SSL credentials through the management interface. Injected commands are executed with root privileges.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-67034"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-11T17:16:50Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Lantronix EDS5000 2.1.0.0R3. An authenticated attacker can inject OS commands into the \"name\" parameter when deleting SSL credentials through the management interface. Injected commands are executed with root privileges.",
  "id": "GHSA-fx2j-qf8p-f9ph",
  "modified": "2026-03-12T15:30:23Z",
  "published": "2026-03-11T18:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-67034"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-069-02"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://eds5000.com"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lantronix.com"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FX37-R27P-W9F7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-19 18:31 – Updated: 2024-12-22 09:30
VLAI
Details

A code injection vulnerability in HMS Networks Ewon Flexy 205 allows executing commands on system level on the device. This issue affects Ewon Flexy 205: through 14.8s0 (#2633).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-9154"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-19T16:15:09Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A code injection vulnerability in HMS Networks Ewon Flexy 205 allows executing commands on system level on the device. This issue affects Ewon Flexy 205: through 14.8s0 (#2633).",
  "id": "GHSA-fx37-r27p-w9f7",
  "modified": "2024-12-22T09:30:42Z",
  "published": "2024-12-19T18:31:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9154"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cyberdanube.com/security-research/authenticated-remote-code-execution-in-ewon-flexy-205"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Dec/18"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FX3V-4W3W-WPWR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-28 15:30 – Updated: 2023-08-03 19:39
VLAI
Summary
Code injection in wix-embedded-mysql
Details

wix-embedded-mysql v4.6.2 and below was discovered to contain a code injection vulnerability in the component com.wix.mysql.distribution.Setup.apply. This vulnerability is exploited via passing an unchecked argument.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.wix:wix-embedded-mysql"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "4.6.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-39021"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-28T20:46:52Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-07-28T15:15:13Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "wix-embedded-mysql v4.6.2 and below was discovered to contain a code injection vulnerability in the component com.wix.mysql.distribution.Setup.apply. This vulnerability is exploited via passing an unchecked argument.",
  "id": "GHSA-fx3v-4w3w-wpwr",
  "modified": "2023-08-03T19:39:11Z",
  "published": "2023-07-28T15:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-39021"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/LetianYuan/My-CVE-Public-References/tree/main/com_wix_wix-embedded-mysql"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/wix/wix-embedded-mysql"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Code injection in wix-embedded-mysql"
}

GHSA-FX3V-MP3Q-M7VG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:06 – Updated: 2022-08-02 00:00
VLAI
Details

An arbitrary code execution vulnerability was discovered in Avaya Aura Device Services that may potentially allow a local user to execute specially crafted scripts. Affects 7.0 through 8.1.4.0 versions of Avaya Aura Device Services.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-25654"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-06-25T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An arbitrary code execution vulnerability was discovered in Avaya Aura Device Services that may potentially allow a local user to execute specially crafted scripts. Affects 7.0 through 8.1.4.0 versions of Avaya Aura Device Services.",
  "id": "GHSA-fx3v-mp3q-m7vg",
  "modified": "2022-08-02T00:00:33Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:06:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-25654"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.avaya.com/css/P8/documents/101076523"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FX5W-2JMG-J2WM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-11 06:30 – Updated: 2025-11-11 06:30
VLAI
Details

The Elastic Theme Editor plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to a dynamic code generation feature in the process_theme function in all versions up to, and including, 0.0.3. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to upload arbitrary files on the affected site's server which may make remote code execution possible.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-12637"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-11T04:15:47Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Elastic Theme Editor plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to a dynamic code generation feature in the process_theme function in all versions up to, and including, 0.0.3. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to upload arbitrary files on the affected site\u0027s server which may make remote code execution possible.",
  "id": "GHSA-fx5w-2jmg-j2wm",
  "modified": "2025-11-11T06:30:22Z",
  "published": "2025-11-11T06:30:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12637"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/elastic-theme-editor/trunk/editor/class-elastic-editor.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/e158a13d-5452-492a-875e-53791e1ff840?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Refactoring

Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
  • Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation
Implementation

For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].

CAPEC-242: Code Injection

An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.