CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8378 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-7F3J-J7JJ-R3VR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-24 15:45 – Updated: 2026-07-24 15:45Code Generation Literal Injection in Kiota Python Generator Leads to Arbitrary Code Execution at Import Time.
The Kiota Python code generator is vulnerable to a code generation literal injection issue when processing malicious or untrusted OpenAPI specifications. Specifically, attacker-controlled enum value descriptions from x-ms-enum.values[].description can flow into generated Python files without newline sanitization, allowing injected content to escape a comment context and execute at module scope when the generated module is imported.
This issue requires user interaction in the form of generating a client from a malicious specification and importing the generated code, which is a common development and CI workflow.
Impact
A malicious OpenAPI specification can cause arbitrary Python code to be emitted into generated model files. The payload executes when the affected module is imported.
Potential impact includes
Credential theft from developer or CI environments Exfiltration of environment variables and secrets Source code disclosure Persistence via regenerated backdoored client output Who is impacted Developers generating Python SDKs from external or untrusted OpenAPI specs Teams with CI/CD automation that regenerates clients from remote specification URLs Any environment importing generated Python modules before manual review Vulnerability details Two gaps combine to enable exploitation:
Enum description cleanup gap
In KiotaBuilder.SetEnumOptions, enum option descriptions are assigned to Documentation.DescriptionTemplate without CleanupDescription on this path, allowing control characters such as newlines to propagate.
Python description sanitization gap
PythonConventionService.RemoveInvalidDescriptionCharacters escapes backslashes and triple quotes but did not remove carriage return/newline characters, unlike some other language convention services.
Exploit path
Malicious newline in x-ms-enum description is emitted through enum writing path. Generated inline comment output is split by newline. Subsequent attacker-controlled line lands at module scope in generated .py file. Importing the module executes the injected code.
Attack vectors
OpenAPI specifications hosted at attacker-controlled URLs Supply-chain scenarios where third-party specs are consumed automatically CI pipelines that generate and then import or test generated Python clients
Patches
https://github.com/microsoft/kiota/pull/7735
Workarounds
If you cannot upgrade immediately:
Only generate from trusted, internally controlled OpenAPI specification sources. Disable or gate automatic generation from remote specs in CI/CD. Add validation/sanitization for x-ms-enum descriptions before generation. Review generated Python files for suspicious top-level statements near enum/model declarations. Run generation and validation in isolated environments without access to production secrets.
Remediation
Upgrade to Kiota 1.32.0 or later.
Regenerate existing Python clients to replace previously generated vulnerable output.
Recommended validation after upgrade
Regenerate from the same spec used in proof-of-concept testing Confirm malicious multi-line enum descriptions no longer produce executable top-level output
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Microsoft.OpenAPI.Kiota"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.32.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Microsoft.OpenAPI.Kiota.Builder"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.32.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Microsoft.OpenApi.Kiota"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.32.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Microsoft.OpenApi.Kiota.Builder"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.32.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-59862"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-24T15:45:40Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-16T15:16:35Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Code Generation Literal Injection in Kiota Python Generator Leads to Arbitrary Code Execution at Import Time.\n\nThe Kiota Python code generator is vulnerable to a code generation literal injection issue when processing malicious or untrusted OpenAPI specifications. Specifically, attacker-controlled enum value descriptions from x-ms-enum.values[].description can flow into generated Python files without newline sanitization, allowing injected content to escape a comment context and execute at module scope when the generated module is imported.\n\nThis issue requires user interaction in the form of generating a client from a malicious specification and importing the generated code, which is a common development and CI workflow.\n\n# Impact\n\nA malicious OpenAPI specification can cause arbitrary Python code to be emitted into generated model files. The payload executes when the affected module is imported.\n\n## Potential impact includes\n\nCredential theft from developer or CI environments\nExfiltration of environment variables and secrets\nSource code disclosure\nPersistence via regenerated backdoored client output\nWho is impacted\nDevelopers generating Python SDKs from external or untrusted OpenAPI specs\nTeams with CI/CD automation that regenerates clients from remote specification URLs\nAny environment importing generated Python modules before manual review\nVulnerability details\nTwo gaps combine to enable exploitation:\n\n### Enum description cleanup gap\n\nIn KiotaBuilder.SetEnumOptions, enum option descriptions are assigned to Documentation.DescriptionTemplate without CleanupDescription on this path, allowing control characters such as newlines to propagate.\n\n### Python description sanitization gap\n\nPythonConventionService.RemoveInvalidDescriptionCharacters escapes backslashes and triple quotes but did not remove carriage return/newline characters, unlike some other language convention services.\n\n# Exploit path\n\nMalicious newline in x-ms-enum description is emitted through enum writing path.\nGenerated inline comment output is split by newline.\nSubsequent attacker-controlled line lands at module scope in generated .py file.\nImporting the module executes the injected code.\n\n# Attack vectors\n\nOpenAPI specifications hosted at attacker-controlled URLs\nSupply-chain scenarios where third-party specs are consumed automatically\nCI pipelines that generate and then import or test generated Python clients\n\n# Patches\n\nhttps://github.com/microsoft/kiota/pull/7735\n\n# Workarounds\n\nIf you cannot upgrade immediately:\n\nOnly generate from trusted, internally controlled OpenAPI specification sources.\nDisable or gate automatic generation from remote specs in CI/CD.\nAdd validation/sanitization for x-ms-enum descriptions before generation.\nReview generated Python files for suspicious top-level statements near enum/model declarations.\nRun generation and validation in isolated environments without access to production secrets.\n\n# Remediation\n\nUpgrade to Kiota 1.32.0 or later.\n\nRegenerate existing Python clients to replace previously generated vulnerable output.\n\n# Recommended validation after upgrade\n\nRegenerate from the same spec used in proof-of-concept testing\nConfirm malicious multi-line enum descriptions no longer produce executable top-level output",
"id": "GHSA-7f3j-j7jj-r3vr",
"modified": "2026-07-24T15:45:40Z",
"published": "2026-07-24T15:45:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/microsoft/kiota/security/advisories/GHSA-7f3j-j7jj-r3vr"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-59862"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/microsoft/kiota"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/microsoft/kiota/releases/tag/v1.32.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Microsoft Kiota: Code Generation Literal Injection in Kiota Python Generator"
}
GHSA-7F48-7WHF-6C52
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:14 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:14Unspecified vulnerability in IBM Java Runtime Environment (JRE) 7 R1 before SR2 (7.1.2.0), 7 before SR8 (7.0.8.0), 6 R1 before SR8 FP2 (6.1.8.2), 6 before SR16 FP2 (6.0.16.2), and before SR16 FP8 (5.0.16.8) allows local users to execute arbitrary code via vectors related to the shared classes cache.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-3065"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-12-02T01:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Unspecified vulnerability in IBM Java Runtime Environment (JRE) 7 R1 before SR2 (7.1.2.0), 7 before SR8 (7.0.8.0), 6 R1 before SR8 FP2 (6.1.8.2), 6 before SR16 FP2 (6.0.16.2), and before SR16 FP8 (5.0.16.8) allows local users to execute arbitrary code via vectors related to the shared classes cache.",
"id": "GHSA-7f48-7whf-6c52",
"modified": "2022-05-17T04:14:52Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:14:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-3065"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1162554"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2014-11/msg00021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2014-12/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2015-02/msg00026.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2015-02/msg00027.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2015-02/msg00033.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2015-02/msg00036.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-1876.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-1877.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-1880.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-1881.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-1882.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-0264.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg1IV66044"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg1IV66045"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21688283"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/71147"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-7F4G-R584-2243
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:37 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:37Static code injection vulnerability in admin/banners.php in PHP Enter allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary PHP code into horad.php via the code parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-6046"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-11-27T04:49:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Static code injection vulnerability in admin/banners.php in PHP Enter allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary PHP code into horad.php via the code parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-7f4g-r584-2243",
"modified": "2022-05-17T01:37:43Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T01:37:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-6046"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/75464"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.org/files/112536/PHP-Enter-Code-Injection.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/53426"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-7F5C-RPF4-86P8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-09-02 17:16 – Updated: 2021-08-26 17:12The npm hbs package is an Express view engine wrapper for Handlebars. Depending on usage, users of hbs may be vulnerable to a file disclosure vulnerability. There is currently no patch for this vulnerability. hbs mixes pure template data with engine configuration options through the Express render API. By overwriting internal configuration options a file disclosure vulnerability may be triggered in downstream applications. For an example PoC see the referenced GHSL-2021-020.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "hbs"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "4.1.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-32822"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-538",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-08-26T17:12:06Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-16T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The npm hbs package is an Express view engine wrapper for Handlebars. Depending on usage, users of hbs may be vulnerable to a file disclosure vulnerability. There is currently no patch for this vulnerability. hbs mixes pure template data with engine configuration options through the Express render API. By overwriting internal configuration options a file disclosure vulnerability may be triggered in downstream applications. For an example PoC see the referenced GHSL-2021-020.",
"id": "GHSA-7f5c-rpf4-86p8",
"modified": "2021-08-26T17:12:06Z",
"published": "2021-09-02T17:16:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32822"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/pillarjs/hbs"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2021-020-pillarjs-hbs"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Insertion of Sensitive Information into Externally-Accessible File or Directory and Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor in hbs"
}
GHSA-7F5G-J4MQ-3QGP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-28 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in emarket-design YouTube Showcase allows Object Injection. This issue affects YouTube Showcase: from n/a through 3.5.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-54731"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-28T13:16:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027) vulnerability in emarket-design YouTube Showcase allows Object Injection. This issue affects YouTube Showcase: from n/a through 3.5.1.",
"id": "GHSA-7f5g-j4mq-3qgp",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:01Z",
"published": "2025-08-28T15:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54731"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/youtube-showcase/vulnerability/wordpress-youtube-showcase-plugin-3-5-1-php-object-injection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7FC2-VC87-69W8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-05 02:48 – Updated: 2025-04-11 04:08The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) component in Oracle Java SE 7 Update 17 and earlier, 6 Update 43 and earlier, and 5.0 Update 41 and earlier; and OpenJDK 6 and 7; allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via vectors related to AWT, as demonstrated by Ben Murphy during a Pwn2Own competition at CanSecWest 2013. NOTE: the previous information is from the April 2013 CPU. Oracle has not commented on claims from another vendor that this issue is related to invocation of the system class loader by the sun.awt.datatransfer.ClassLoaderObjectInputStream class, which allows remote attackers to bypass Java sandbox restrictions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-0401"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-03-08T18:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) component in Oracle Java SE 7 Update 17 and earlier, 6 Update 43 and earlier, and 5.0 Update 41 and earlier; and OpenJDK 6 and 7; allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via vectors related to AWT, as demonstrated by Ben Murphy during a Pwn2Own competition at CanSecWest 2013. NOTE: the previous information is from the April 2013 CPU. Oracle has not commented on claims from another vendor that this issue is related to invocation of the system class loader by the sun.awt.datatransfer.ClassLoaderObjectInputStream class, which allows remote attackers to bypass Java sandbox restrictions.",
"id": "GHSA-7fc2-vc87-69w8",
"modified": "2025-04-11T04:08:08Z",
"published": "2022-05-05T02:48:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-0401"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=920245"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A16297"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A19463"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A19641"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://twitter.com/thezdi/status/309784608508100608"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Support/Advisories/MGASA-2013-0124"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Support/Advisories/MGASA-2013-0130"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://blog.fuseyism.com/index.php/2013/04/22/security-icedtea-2-3-9-for-openjdk-7-released"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://blog.fuseyism.com/index.php/2013/04/25/security-icedtea-1-11-11-1-12-5-for-openjdk-6-released"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://h20000.www2.hp.com/bizsupport/TechSupport/Document.jsp?objectID=c03898880"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://h30499.www3.hp.com/t5/HP-Security-Research-Blog/Pwn2Own-2013/ba-p/5981157"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://hg.openjdk.java.net/jdk7u/jdk7u-dev/jdk/rev/31c782610044"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2013-05/msg00007.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2013-05/msg00013.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2013-06/msg00001.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2013-05/msg00017.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2013-06/msg00099.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://mail.openjdk.java.net/pipermail/distro-pkg-dev/2013-April/022796.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq\u0026m=137283787217316\u0026w=2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0752.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0757.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0758.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-1455.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-1456.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/glsa-201406-32.xml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2013:145"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2013:161"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/javacpuapr2013-1928497.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1806-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA13-107A"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.zdnet.com/pwn2own-down-go-all-the-browsers-7000012283"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-7FGX-PMW9-49H5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-13 12:30 – Updated: 2024-08-13 12:30A flaw allowing arbitrary code execution was discovered in Kibana. An attacker with access to ML and Alerting connector features, as well as write access to internal ML indices can trigger a prototype pollution vulnerability, ultimately leading to arbitrary code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-37287"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-13T12:15:06Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A flaw allowing arbitrary code execution was discovered in Kibana. An attacker with access to ML and Alerting connector features, as well as write access to internal ML indices can trigger a prototype pollution vulnerability, ultimately leading to arbitrary code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-7fgx-pmw9-49h5",
"modified": "2024-08-13T12:30:53Z",
"published": "2024-08-13T12:30:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-37287"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://discuss.elastic.co/t/kibana-8-14-2-7-17-23-security-update-esa-2024-22"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7FH8-WPH8-PRVR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:32 – Updated: 2025-04-11 03:53RealNetworks RealPlayer before 15.0.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted QCELP stream.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2011-4247"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2011-11-24T11:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "RealNetworks RealPlayer before 15.0.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted QCELP stream.",
"id": "GHSA-7fh8-wph8-prvr",
"modified": "2025-04-11T03:53:01Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:32:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-4247"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://service.real.com/realplayer/security/11182011_player/en"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-7FJ6-6M8R-4V8H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-31 15:30 – Updated: 2023-10-31 23:27Upload profile either through API or user interface in Chef Automate prior to and including version 4.10.29 using InSpec check command with maliciously crafted profile allows remote code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-40050"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-31T15:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Upload profile either\nthrough API or user interface in Chef Automate prior to and including version 4.10.29 using InSpec\ncheck command with maliciously crafted profile allows remote code execution. \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-7fj6-6m8r-4v8h",
"modified": "2023-10-31T23:27:42Z",
"published": "2023-10-31T15:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40050"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.progress.com/s/article/Product-Alert-Bulletin-October-2023-CHEF-Automate-CVE-2023-40050"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.chef.io/automate/profiles"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.chef.io/release_notes_automate"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7FJC-2773-F7M5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 00:58 – Updated: 2025-04-12 12:39The posix_spawn_file_actions_addopen function in glibc before 2.20 does not copy its path argument in accordance with the POSIX specification, which allows context-dependent attackers to trigger use-after-free vulnerabilities.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-4043"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-10-06T23:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The posix_spawn_file_actions_addopen function in glibc before 2.20 does not copy its path argument in accordance with the POSIX specification, which allows context-dependent attackers to trigger use-after-free vulnerabilities.",
"id": "GHSA-7fjc-2773-f7m5",
"modified": "2025-04-12T12:39:18Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T00:58:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-4043"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1109263"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/93784"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Jun/14"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Sep/7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201503-04"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=17048"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceware.org/git/gitweb.cgi?p=glibc.git%3Ba=blobdiff%3Bf=ChangeLog%3Bh=3020b9ac232315df362521aeaf85f21cb9926db8%3Bhp=d86e73963dd9fb5e21b1a28326630337226812aa%3Bhb=89e435f3559c53084498e9baad22172b64429362%3Bhpb=c3a2ebe1f7541cc35937621e08c28ff88afd0845"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceware.org/git/gitweb.cgi?p=glibc.git%3Ba=blobdiff%3Bf=posix/spawn_faction_addopen.c%3Bh=40800b8e6e81341501c0fb8a91009529e2048dec%3Bhp=47f62425b696a4fdd511b2a057746322eb6518db%3Bhb=89e435f3559c53084498e9baad22172b64429362%3Bhpb=c3a2ebe1f7541cc35937621e08c28ff88afd0845"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceware.org/git/gitweb.cgi?p=glibc.git%3Bh=89e435f3559c53084498e9baad22172b64429362"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceware.org/git/gitweb.cgi?p=glibc.git;a=blobdiff;f=ChangeLog;h=3020b9ac232315df362521aeaf85f21cb9926db8;hp=d86e73963dd9fb5e21b1a28326630337226812aa;hb=89e435f3559c53084498e9baad22172b64429362;hpb=c3a2ebe1f7541cc35937621e08c28ff88afd0845"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceware.org/git/gitweb.cgi?p=glibc.git;a=blobdiff;f=posix/spawn_faction_addopen.c;h=40800b8e6e81341501c0fb8a91009529e2048dec;hp=47f62425b696a4fdd511b2a057746322eb6518db;hb=89e435f3559c53084498e9baad22172b64429362;hpb=c3a2ebe1f7541cc35937621e08c28ff88afd0845"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceware.org/git/gitweb.cgi?p=glibc.git;h=89e435f3559c53084498e9baad22172b64429362"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2015-08/msg00012.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/153278/WAGO-852-Industrial-Managed-Switch-Series-Code-Execution-Hardcoded-Credentials.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/154361/Cisco-Device-Hardcoded-Credentials-GNU-glibc-BusyBox.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2019/Jun/18"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2019/Sep/7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2014:152"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/68006"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.