Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14566 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-M786-RXFF-X32M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-06 06:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:33
VLAI
Details

In telephony service, there is a possible missing permission check. This could lead to local denial of service with no additional execution privileges.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-48444"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-476",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-06T06:15:50Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In telephony service, there is a possible missing permission check. This could lead to local denial of service with no additional execution privileges.",
  "id": "GHSA-m786-rxff-x32m",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T04:33:06Z",
  "published": "2023-06-06T06:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-48444"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1664822361414762498"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-M78G-2M54-XFQG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:52 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:34
VLAI
Details

eQ-3 Homematic CCU2 and CCU3 use session IDs for authentication but lack authorization checks. Consequently, a valid guest level or user level account can create a new admin level account, read the service messages, clear the system protocol or modify/delete internal programs, etc. pp.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-14473"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-08-06T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "eQ-3 Homematic CCU2 and CCU3 use session IDs for authentication but lack authorization checks. Consequently, a valid guest level or user level account can create a new admin level account, read the service messages, clear the system protocol or modify/delete internal programs, etc. pp.",
  "id": "GHSA-m78g-2m54-xfqg",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T01:34:06Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:52:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-14473"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://psytester.github.io/CVE-2019-14473"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-M7GJ-J4FQ-3X93

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-21 15:31 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:31
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in bPlugins Tiktok Feed b-tiktok-feed allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Tiktok Feed: from n/a through <= 1.0.22.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-66110"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-21T13:15:52Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in bPlugins Tiktok Feed b-tiktok-feed allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Tiktok Feed: from n/a through \u003c= 1.0.22.",
  "id": "GHSA-m7gj-j4fq-3x93",
  "modified": "2026-01-20T15:31:57Z",
  "published": "2025-11-21T15:31:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66110"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/b-tiktok-feed/vulnerability/wordpress-tiktok-feed-plugin-1-0-22-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/b-tiktok-feed/vulnerability/wordpress-tiktok-feed-plugin-1-0-22-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-M7HJ-M974-FX49

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-08 00:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 00:30
VLAI
Details

The Smart Slider 3 plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access and modification of data due to missing capability checks on multiple wp_ajax_smart-slider3 controller actions in all versions up to, and including, 3.5.1.33. The display_admin_ajax() method does not call checkForCap() (which requires unfiltered_html capability), and several controller actions only validate the nonce (validateToken()) without calling validatePermission(). This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to enumerate slider metadata and create, modify, and delete image storage records by obtaining the nextend_nonce exposed on post editor pages.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-4065"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-07T22:16:24Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Smart Slider 3 plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access and modification of data due to missing capability checks on multiple wp_ajax_smart-slider3 controller actions in all versions up to, and including, 3.5.1.33. The display_admin_ajax() method does not call checkForCap() (which requires unfiltered_html capability), and several controller actions only validate the nonce (validateToken()) without calling validatePermission(). This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to enumerate slider metadata and create, modify, and delete image storage records by obtaining the nextend_nonce exposed on post editor pages.",
  "id": "GHSA-m7hj-m974-fx49",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T00:30:26Z",
  "published": "2026-04-08T00:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4065"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/smart-slider-3/tags/3.5.1.32/Nextend/Framework/Image/ControllerAjaxImage.php#L37"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/smart-slider-3/tags/3.5.1.32/Nextend/SmartSlider3/Application/Admin/Sliders/ControllerAjaxSliders.php#L26"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/smart-slider-3/tags/3.5.1.32/Nextend/SmartSlider3/Platform/WordPress/Admin/AdminHelper.php#L155"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/smart-slider-3/tags/3.5.1.32/Nextend/SmartSlider3/Platform/WordPress/HelperTinyMCE.php#L30"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/smart-slider-3/trunk/Nextend/SmartSlider3/Platform/WordPress/Admin/AdminHelper.php#L155"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026new=3489689%40smart-slider-3%2Ftrunk\u0026old=3439582%40smart-slider-3%2Ftrunk\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/53a08b59-b7e0-419a-bfc3-528bcddb1ac2?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-M7JQ-35X5-2P74

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-09 12:30 – Updated: 2025-06-05 15:31
VLAI
Details

The Greenshift – animation and page builder blocks plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Authenticated (Subscriber+) Server-Side Request Forgery and Stored Cross Site Scripting in all versions up to, and including, 9.0.0 due to a missing capability check in the greenshift_download_file_localy function, along with no SSRF protection and sanitization on uploaded SVG files. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to make web requests to arbitrary locations originating from the web application that can also be leveraged to download malicious SVG files containing Cross-Site Scripting payloads to the server. On Cloud-based servers, attackers could retrieve the instance metadata. The issue was partially patched in version 8.9.9 and fully patched in version 9.0.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-6155"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-79",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-09T11:15:16Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Greenshift \u2013 animation and page builder blocks plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Authenticated (Subscriber+) Server-Side Request Forgery and Stored Cross Site Scripting in all versions up to, and including, 9.0.0 due to a missing capability check in the greenshift_download_file_localy function, along with no SSRF protection and sanitization on uploaded SVG files. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to make web requests to arbitrary locations originating from the web application that can also be leveraged to download malicious SVG files containing Cross-Site Scripting payloads to the server. On Cloud-based servers, attackers could retrieve the instance metadata. The issue was partially patched in version 8.9.9 and fully patched in version 9.0.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-m7jq-35x5-2p74",
  "modified": "2025-06-05T15:31:20Z",
  "published": "2025-01-09T12:30:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-6155"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/greenshift-animation-and-page-builder-blocks/tags/8.9.8/settings.php#L1385"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/fe3cfaf4-67c8-47af-bd58-e8ad27a03fae?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-M7P8-HCW4-P377

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-05 12:30 – Updated: 2025-04-10 21:30
VLAI
Details

A CWE-862 “Missing Authorization” vulnerability in the “measure” functionality of the web application allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to access confidential measure information. This issue affects: AiLux imx6 bundle below version imx6_1.0.7-2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-45598"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-425",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-05T12:15:47Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A CWE-862 \u201cMissing Authorization\u201d vulnerability in the \u201cmeasure\u201d functionality of the web application allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to access confidential measure information. This issue affects: AiLux imx6 bundle below version imx6_1.0.7-2.",
  "id": "GHSA-m7p8-hcw4-p377",
  "modified": "2025-04-10T21:30:45Z",
  "published": "2024-03-05T12:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45598"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.nozominetworks.com/labs/vulnerability-advisories-cve-2023-45598"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-M7PH-9558-MRX3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-15 17:02 – Updated: 2026-07-15 17:02
VLAI
Summary
MantisBT: REST API unauthorized Issue status change
Details

A MantisBT user having $g_update_bug_threshold (UPDATER by default) can change an Issue's Status via REST and SOAP API, even if the $g_set_status_threshold config is set to a higher level (DEVELOPER by default).

Impact

Unauthorized change in Issue workflow.

Patches

https://github.com/mantisbt/mantisbt/releases/tag/release-2.28.4

Workarounds

None

Resources

  • https://mantisbt.org/bugs/view.php?id=37181

Credits

Mamdouh Mahfouz (@mamdouhmahfouz)

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.28.3"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "mantisbt/mantisbt"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.8.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.28.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-49280"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-15T17:02:12Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A MantisBT user having *$g_update_bug_threshold* (UPDATER by default) can change an Issue\u0027s Status via REST and SOAP API, even if the *$g_set_status_threshold* config is set to a higher level (DEVELOPER by default).\n\n### Impact\nUnauthorized change in Issue workflow.\n\n### Patches\nhttps://github.com/mantisbt/mantisbt/releases/tag/release-2.28.4\n\n### Workarounds\nNone\n\n### Resources\n- https://mantisbt.org/bugs/view.php?id=37181\n\n### Credits\nMamdouh Mahfouz (@mamdouhmahfouz)",
  "id": "GHSA-m7ph-9558-mrx3",
  "modified": "2026-07-15T17:02:12Z",
  "published": "2026-07-15T17:02:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mantisbt/mantisbt/security/advisories/GHSA-m7ph-9558-mrx3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mantisbt/mantisbt/commit/2d3a5537605487a1ec5178aba9fe9b5623b6a4e0"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/mantisbt/mantisbt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://mantisbt.org/bugs/view.php?id=37181"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "MantisBT: REST API unauthorized Issue status change"
}

GHSA-M7PR-P7WP-QGG3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:10 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:10
VLAI
Details

In the RegistrationMagic plugin through 4.6.0.3 for WordPress, the user controller allows remote authenticated users (with minimal privileges) to elevate their privileges to administrator via class_rm_user_controller.php rm_user_edit.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-9456"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-03-06T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In the RegistrationMagic plugin through 4.6.0.3 for WordPress, the user controller allows remote authenticated users (with minimal privileges) to elevate their privileges to administrator via class_rm_user_controller.php rm_user_edit.",
  "id": "GHSA-m7pr-p7wp-qgg3",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:10:21Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:10:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-9456"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/custom-registration-form-builder-with-submission-manager/#developers"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wpvulndb.com/vulnerabilities/10116"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/blog/2020/03/multiple-vulnerabilities-patched-in-registrationmagic-plugin"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-M7RF-C5VJ-Q364

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-21 06:30 – Updated: 2026-03-21 06:30
VLAI
Details

The Group Chat & Video Chat by AtomChat plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the 'atomchat_update_auth_ajax' and 'atomchat_update_layout_ajax' functions in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.7. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to update plugin options, including critical settings such as API keys, authentication keys, and layout configurations.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-1253"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-21T04:16:52Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Group Chat \u0026 Video Chat by AtomChat plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the \u0027atomchat_update_auth_ajax\u0027 and \u0027atomchat_update_layout_ajax\u0027 functions in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.7. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to update plugin options, including critical settings such as API keys, authentication keys, and layout configurations.",
  "id": "GHSA-m7rf-c5vj-q364",
  "modified": "2026-03-21T06:30:23Z",
  "published": "2026-03-21T06:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1253"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/atomchat/tags/1.1.7/includes/atomchat_requesthandler.php#L175"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/atomchat/trunk/includes/atomchat_requesthandler.php#L175"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/5c2980c3-0038-42ab-8751-72c40921477a?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-M7VJ-85H4-VR7R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-14 18:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:32
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Medma Technologies Matix Popup Builder allows Privilege Escalation.This issue affects Matix Popup Builder: from n/a through 1.0.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-52382"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-14T18:15:25Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Medma Technologies Matix Popup Builder allows Privilege Escalation.This issue affects Matix Popup Builder: from n/a through 1.0.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-m7vj-85h4-vr7r",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:32:24Z",
  "published": "2024-11-14T18:30:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-52382"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/medma-matix/vulnerability/wordpress-matix-popup-builder-plugin-1-0-0-arbitrary-option-update-to-privilege-escalation-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/medma-matix/wordpress-matix-popup-builder-plugin-1-0-0-arbitrary-option-update-to-privilege-escalation-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.