CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
14701 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-G9HW-VMCM-M59V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-15 21:30 – Updated: 2026-06-15 21:30Unauthenticated Broken Access Control in AWP Classifieds <= 4.4.4 versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-39533"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-15T21:16:47Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Unauthenticated Broken Access Control in AWP Classifieds \u003c= 4.4.4 versions.",
"id": "GHSA-g9hw-vmcm-m59v",
"modified": "2026-06-15T21:30:45Z",
"published": "2026-06-15T21:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-39533"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/another-wordpress-classifieds-plugin/vulnerability/wordpress-awp-classifieds-plugin-4-4-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G9J8-GQFF-MM6G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-15 09:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:33The WhyDonate – FREE Donate button – Crowdfunding – Fundraising plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the remove_row function in all versions up to, and including, 4.0.14. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete rows from the wp_wdplugin_style table.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-10186"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-15T09:15:38Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The WhyDonate \u2013 FREE Donate button \u2013 Crowdfunding \u2013 Fundraising plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the remove_row function in all versions up to, and including, 4.0.14. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete rows from the wp_wdplugin_style table.",
"id": "GHSA-g9j8-gqff-mm6g",
"modified": "2026-04-08T18:33:57Z",
"published": "2025-10-15T09:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10186"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3378787%40wp-whydonate\u0026new=3378787%40wp-whydonate\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/wp-whydonate"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/3c6f30bb-dec0-4776-b255-bb88c9d003c2?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G9JR-64X4-G2H8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-09 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:32Missing Authorization vulnerability in Vinod Dalvi Ivory Search add-search-to-menu allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Ivory Search: from n/a through <= 5.5.12.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-63069"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-09T16:18:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Vinod Dalvi Ivory Search add-search-to-menu allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Ivory Search: from n/a through \u003c= 5.5.12.",
"id": "GHSA-g9jr-64x4-g2h8",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:32:04Z",
"published": "2025-12-09T18:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-63069"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/add-search-to-menu/vulnerability/wordpress-ivory-search-plugin-5-5-12-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/add-search-to-menu/vulnerability/wordpress-ivory-search-plugin-5-5-12-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G9MM-PM8R-4GGJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-15 18:30 – Updated: 2024-01-19 18:30The Estatik Real Estate Plugin WordPress plugin before 4.1.1 does not prevent user with low privileges on the site, like subscribers, from setting any of the site's options to 1, which could be used to break sites and lead to DoS when certain options are reset
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-6048"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-15T16:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Estatik Real Estate Plugin WordPress plugin before 4.1.1 does not prevent user with low privileges on the site, like subscribers, from setting any of the site\u0027s options to 1, which could be used to break sites and lead to DoS when certain options are reset",
"id": "GHSA-g9mm-pm8r-4ggj",
"modified": "2024-01-19T18:30:24Z",
"published": "2024-01-15T18:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6048"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/74cb07fe-fc82-472f-8c52-859c176d9e51"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G9VH-RMJ6-M6R2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-06 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:33The Wbcom Designs – Custom Font Uploader plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the 'cfu_delete_customfont' function in all versions up to, and including, 2.3.4. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete any custom font.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-5489"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-06T12:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Wbcom Designs \u2013 Custom Font Uploader plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the \u0027cfu_delete_customfont\u0027 function in all versions up to, and including, 2.3.4. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete any custom font.",
"id": "GHSA-g9vh-rmj6-m6r2",
"modified": "2026-04-08T18:33:20Z",
"published": "2024-06-06T12:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-5489"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/custom-font-uploader/trunk/inc/cfup-functions.php#L20"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3097373"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/2339ebbf-2302-4e83-9743-ca79fda20f05?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G9VX-GHXJ-8MHW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-25 18:31 – Updated: 2026-03-26 18:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in سید محمدامین هاشمی GZSEO gzseo allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects GZSEO: from n/a through <= 2.0.14.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-25437"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-25T17:16:50Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u06cc GZSEO gzseo allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects GZSEO: from n/a through \u003c= 2.0.14.",
"id": "GHSA-g9vx-ghxj-8mhw",
"modified": "2026-03-26T18:31:34Z",
"published": "2026-03-25T18:31:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25437"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/gzseo/vulnerability/wordpress-gzseo-plugin-2-0-11-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G9W4-M5FX-X3WV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-18 12:31 – Updated: 2026-03-19 19:37The Yoast Duplicate Post plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the clone_bulk_action_handler() and republish_request() functions in all versions up to, and including, 4.5. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to duplicate any post on the site including private, draft, and trashed posts they shouldn't have access to. Additionally, attackers with Author-level access and above can use the Rewrite & Republish feature to overwrite any published post with their own content.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.5"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "yoast/duplicate-post"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1217"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-19T19:37:40Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-18T10:16:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Yoast Duplicate Post plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the clone_bulk_action_handler() and republish_request() functions in all versions up to, and including, 4.5. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to duplicate any post on the site including private, draft, and trashed posts they shouldn\u0027t have access to. Additionally, attackers with Author-level access and above can use the Rewrite \u0026 Republish feature to overwrite any published post with their own content.",
"id": "GHSA-g9w4-m5fx-x3wv",
"modified": "2026-03-19T19:37:40Z",
"published": "2026-03-18T12:31:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1217"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/Yoast-dist/duplicate-post"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/duplicate-post/tags/4.5/src/handlers/bulk-handler.php#L115"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/duplicate-post/tags/4.5/src/post-republisher.php#L128"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/05f175e6-08a9-4199-948c-5bd8b3caaa39?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Yoast Duplicate Post has an Authenticated (Contributor+) Missing Authorization to Arbitrary Post Duplication and Overwrite"
}
GHSA-G9W9-RQJQ-9RF5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-15 09:30 – Updated: 2026-07-15 09:30A flaw was found in the OpenShift GitOps operator. The ClusterRole reconciler does not validate resource ownership when reconciling ClusterRole objects. A namespace-scoped Argo CD instance can trigger deletion of a ClusterRole owned by a cluster-scoped Argo CD instance by crafting a name collision, resulting in a denial of service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-14251"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-15T08:16:22Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in the OpenShift GitOps operator. The ClusterRole reconciler does not validate resource ownership when reconciling ClusterRole objects. A namespace-scoped Argo CD instance can trigger deletion of a ClusterRole owned by a cluster-scoped Argo CD instance by crafting a name collision, resulting in a denial of service.",
"id": "GHSA-g9w9-rqjq-9rf5",
"modified": "2026-07-15T09:30:23Z",
"published": "2026-07-15T09:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-14251"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-14251"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2484710"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GC2G-58XQ-CQ5H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:22 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:31Improper access control in Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway versions before 13.0-58.30, 12.1-57.18, 12.0-63.21, 11.1-64.14 and 10.5-70.18 and Citrix SDWAN WAN-OP versions before 11.1.1a, 11.0.3d and 10.2.7 resulting in limited information disclosure to low privileged users.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-8196"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-287",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-07-10T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper access control in Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway versions before 13.0-58.30, 12.1-57.18, 12.0-63.21, 11.1-64.14 and 10.5-70.18 and Citrix SDWAN WAN-OP versions before 11.1.1a, 11.0.3d and 10.2.7 resulting in limited information disclosure to low privileged users.",
"id": "GHSA-gc2g-58xq-cq5h",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:31:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:22:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-8196"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX276688"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2020-8196"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/160047/Citrix-ADC-NetScaler-Local-File-Inclusion.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GC3J-79F2-7VVW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-30 18:16 – Updated: 2026-06-30 18:16Summary
A low-privilege developer who could create a KubernetesWatchTrigger (KWT) in their own namespace was able to establish a persistent surveillance channel over any other namespace.
Details
Two independent flaws compounded:
pkg/kubewatcher/kubewatcher.go::createKubernetesWatchusedw.Spec.Namespace(user-controlled) directly as the Watch target without checking it againstw.Namespace(the KWT's own namespace).kubewatcherestablished the Watch using its cluster-scoped service account and serialized every Pod/Service/Job change event as full JSON over HTTP POST to the attacker's function.- The validating webhook (
pkg/webhook/kuberneteswatchtrigger.go) registeredverbs=createonly, soupdate/patchrequests bypassed validation entirely.
A separate leak: an empty spec.namespace resolved to all namespaces via the controller's default, letting an attacker omit the field to surveil the entire cluster.
Impact
A tenant with kuberneteswatchtriggers.fission.io/create could continuously receive full event payloads for Pods, Services, and Jobs in any namespace — a persistent cross-tenant surveillance channel requiring no additional privileges.
Fix
Fixed in #3379 and released in v1.24.0.
- The validating webhook marker is extended to
verbs=create;update. ValidaterejectsKubernetesWatchTrigger.spec.namespace != metadata.namespace.- A controller guard in
createKubernetesWatchrejects cross-namespace targets that bypass admission and coerces an emptySpec.Namespaceto the trigger's own namespace.
Behavioural change
KubernetesWatchTriggers with an unset spec.namespace now watch only their own namespace instead of all namespaces. Anyone relying on the previous all-namespaces behaviour must create a separate KWT per namespace.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.23.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/fission/fission"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.24.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-49822"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-30T18:16:03Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-10T18:17:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nA low-privilege developer who could create a `KubernetesWatchTrigger` (KWT) in their own namespace was able to establish a persistent surveillance channel over any other namespace.\n\n### Details\n\nTwo independent flaws compounded:\n\n1. `pkg/kubewatcher/kubewatcher.go::createKubernetesWatch` used `w.Spec.Namespace` (user-controlled) directly as the Watch target without checking it against `w.Namespace` (the KWT\u0027s own namespace). `kubewatcher` established the Watch\nusing its cluster-scoped service account and serialized every Pod/Service/Job change event as full JSON over HTTP POST to the attacker\u0027s function.\n2. The validating webhook (`pkg/webhook/kuberneteswatchtrigger.go`) registered `verbs=create` only, so `update`/`patch` requests bypassed validation entirely.\n\nA separate leak: an empty `spec.namespace` resolved to **all namespaces** via the controller\u0027s default, letting an attacker omit the field to surveil the entire cluster.\n\n### Impact\n\nA tenant with `kuberneteswatchtriggers.fission.io/create` could continuously receive full event payloads for Pods, Services, and Jobs in any namespace \u2014 a persistent cross-tenant surveillance channel requiring no additional privileges.\n\n### Fix\n\nFixed in [#3379](https://github.com/fission/fission/pull/3379) and released in [v1.24.0](https://github.com/fission/fission/releases/tag/v1.24.0).\n\n- The validating webhook marker is extended to `verbs=create;update`.\n- `Validate` rejects `KubernetesWatchTrigger.spec.namespace != metadata.namespace`.\n- A controller guard in `createKubernetesWatch` rejects cross-namespace targets that bypass admission and coerces an empty `Spec.Namespace` to the trigger\u0027s own namespace.\n\n### Behavioural change\n\nKubernetesWatchTriggers with an unset `spec.namespace` now watch only their own namespace instead of all namespaces. Anyone relying on the previous all-namespaces behaviour must create a separate KWT per namespace.",
"id": "GHSA-gc3j-79f2-7vvw",
"modified": "2026-06-30T18:16:03Z",
"published": "2026-06-30T18:16:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fission/fission/security/advisories/GHSA-gc3j-79f2-7vvw"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-49822"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fission/fission/pull/3379"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fission/fission/commit/e2b92663499f4dc3a1e2d38178f39c3c65e0134a"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/fission/fission"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fission/fission/releases/tag/v1.24.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Fission: Cross-namespace event leakage via KubernetesWatchTrigger allows persistent tenant surveillance"
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.