Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15631 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-CFGJ-H7WC-FWJW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:50 – Updated: 2023-03-01 18:30
VLAI
Details
The remote admin webserver on FANUC Robotics Virtual Robot Controller 8.23 has a Buffer Overflow via a forged HTTP request.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-13585"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-17T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The remote admin webserver on FANUC Robotics Virtual Robot Controller 8.23 has a Buffer Overflow via a forged HTTP request.",
"id": "GHSA-cfgj-h7wc-fwjw",
"modified": "2023-03-01T18:30:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:50:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-13585"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Jul/24"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.syss.de/fileadmin/dokumente/Publikationen/Advisories/SYSS-2019-024.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/153671/FANUC-Robotics-Virtual-Robot-Controller-8.23-Buffer-Overflow.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CFH3-3JMP-RVHC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-11 14:22 – Updated: 2026-04-30 20:14
VLAI
Summary
Pillow affected by out-of-bounds write when loading PSD images
Details
Impact
An out-of-bounds write may be triggered when loading a specially crafted PSD image. Pillow >= 10.3.0 users are affected.
Patches
Pillow 12.1.1 will be released shortly with a fix for this.
Workarounds
Image.open() has a formats parameter that can be used to prevent PSD images from being opened.
References
Pillow 12.1.1 will add release notes at https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/index.html
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "pillow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "12.1.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-25990"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-11T14:22:50Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-11T21:16:20Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nAn out-of-bounds write may be triggered when loading a specially crafted PSD image. Pillow \u003e= 10.3.0 users are affected.\n\n### Patches\nPillow 12.1.1 will be released shortly with a fix for this.\n\n### Workarounds\n`Image.open()` has a `formats` parameter that can be used to prevent PSD images from being opened.\n\n### References\nPillow 12.1.1 will add release notes at https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/index.html",
"id": "GHSA-cfh3-3jmp-rvhc",
"modified": "2026-04-30T20:14:47Z",
"published": "2026-02-11T14:22:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/security/advisories/GHSA-cfh3-3jmp-rvhc"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25990"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/pull/9427"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/commit/54ba4db542ad3c7b918812a4e2d69c27735a3199"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/commit/9000313cc5d4a31bdcdd6d7f0781101abab553aa"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/12.1.1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Pillow affected by out-of-bounds write when loading PSD images"
}
GHSA-CFMP-F27R-2QG4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-27 03:31 – Updated: 2026-03-27 03:31
VLAI
Details
A vulnerability was determined in Tenda AC5 15.03.06.47. The affected element is the function decodePwd of the file /goform/WizardHandle of the component POST Request Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument WANT/WANS can lead to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-4906"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-27T01:16:21Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was determined in Tenda AC5 15.03.06.47. The affected element is the function decodePwd of the file /goform/WizardHandle of the component POST Request Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument WANT/WANS can lead to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.",
"id": "GHSA-cfmp-f27r-2qg4",
"modified": "2026-03-27T03:31:32Z",
"published": "2026-03-27T03:31:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4906"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lavender-bicycle-a5a.notion.site/Tenda_AC5_WizardHandle_PPW-32053a41781f80cab094d750d30dc9a8?source=copy_link"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.353657"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.353657"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.777394"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenda.com.cn"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CFMR-VRGJ-VQWV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-06 00:00 – Updated: 2026-07-14 12:31
VLAI
Details
zlib through 1.2.12 has a heap-based buffer over-read or buffer overflow in inflate in inflate.c via a large gzip header extra field. NOTE: only applications that call inflateGetHeader are affected. Some common applications bundle the affected zlib source code but may be unable to call inflateGetHeader (e.g., see the nodejs/node reference).
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-37434"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-120",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-05T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "zlib through 1.2.12 has a heap-based buffer over-read or buffer overflow in inflate in inflate.c via a large gzip header extra field. NOTE: only applications that call inflateGetHeader are affected. Some common applications bundle the affected zlib source code but may be unable to call inflateGetHeader (e.g., see the nodejs/node reference).",
"id": "GHSA-cfmr-vrgj-vqwv",
"modified": "2026-07-14T12:31:06Z",
"published": "2022-08-06T00:00:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-37434"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/curl/curl/issues/9271"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/madler/zlib/commit/1eb7682f845ac9e9bf9ae35bbfb3bad5dacbd91d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/madler/zlib/commit/eff308af425b67093bab25f80f1ae950166bece1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JWN4VE3JQR4O2SOUS5TXNLANRPMHWV4I"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NMBOJ77A7T7PQCARMDUK75TE6LLESZ3O"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PAVPQNCG3XRLCLNSQRM3KAN5ZFMVXVTY"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/X5U7OTKZSHY2I3ZFJSR2SHFHW72RKGDK"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YRQAI7H4M4RQZ2IWZUEEXECBE5D56BH2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220901-0005"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230427-0007"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213488"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213489"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213490"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213491"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213493"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213494"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5218"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YRQAI7H4M4RQZ2IWZUEEXECBE5D56BH2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/X5U7OTKZSHY2I3ZFJSR2SHFHW72RKGDK"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PAVPQNCG3XRLCLNSQRM3KAN5ZFMVXVTY"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NMBOJ77A7T7PQCARMDUK75TE6LLESZ3O"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JWN4VE3JQR4O2SOUS5TXNLANRPMHWV4I"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/09/msg00012.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/75b68c6e4db515f76df73af476eccf382bbcb00a/deps/zlib/inflate.c#L762-L764"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/madler/zlib/blob/21767c654d31d2dccdde4330529775c6c5fd5389/zlib.h#L1062-L1063"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ivd38/zlib_overflow"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-561322.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-470355.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-398330.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-202008.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-150063.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/Oct/37"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/Oct/38"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/Oct/41"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/Oct/42"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/08/05/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/08/09/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CFPF-JVVQ-WJ6J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:01 – Updated: 2025-05-05 18:30
VLAI
Details
Adobe Media Encoder versions 13.1 and earlier have an out-of-bounds write vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution .
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-8246"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-11-14T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Media Encoder versions 13.1 and earlier have an out-of-bounds write vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution .",
"id": "GHSA-cfpf-jvvq-wj6j",
"modified": "2025-05-05T18:30:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:01:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-8246"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/media-encoder/apsb19-52.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CFPH-PP77-PJQ8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-13 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-23 00:00
VLAI
Details
Pyramid Solutions' affected products, the Developer and DLL kits for EtherNet/IP Adapter and EtherNet/IP Scanner, are vulnerable to an out-of-bounds write, which may allow an unauthorized attacker to send a specially crafted packet that may result in a denial-of-service condition.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-1737"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-12T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Pyramid Solutions\u0027 affected products, the Developer and DLL kits for EtherNet/IP Adapter and EtherNet/IP Scanner, are vulnerable to an out-of-bounds write, which may allow an unauthorized attacker to send a specially crafted packet that may result in a denial-of-service condition.",
"id": "GHSA-cfph-pp77-pjq8",
"modified": "2022-07-23T00:00:20Z",
"published": "2022-07-13T00:00:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1737"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-22-174-04"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CFPX-C4P5-W27C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-14 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-14 00:00
VLAI
Details
Adobe Media Encoder version 15.4 (and earlier) are affected by a memory corruption vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious M4A file.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-46817"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787",
"CWE-788"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-13T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Media Encoder version 15.4 (and earlier) are affected by a memory corruption vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious M4A file.",
"id": "GHSA-cfpx-c4p5-w27c",
"modified": "2022-06-14T00:00:35Z",
"published": "2022-06-14T00:00:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-46817"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/media-encoder/apsb21-70.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CFQC-X96C-8XXG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:20 – Updated: 2022-12-21 15:30
VLAI
Details
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in gocr through 0.53-20200802 in measure_pitch() in pgm2asc.c.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-33479"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-11-17T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in gocr through 0.53-20200802 in measure_pitch() in pgm2asc.c.",
"id": "GHSA-cfqc-x96c-8xxg",
"modified": "2022-12-21T15:30:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:20:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33479"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1962861"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202401-28"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceforge.net/p/jocr/bugs/39"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CFQG-5RJ6-9CRG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-15 12:00 – Updated: 2025-04-30 15:30
VLAI
Details
Tenda AC1200 Router Model W15Ev2 V15.11.0.10(1576) was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the setRemoteWebManage function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via crafted overflow data.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-42058"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-15T03:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda AC1200 Router Model W15Ev2 V15.11.0.10(1576) was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the setRemoteWebManage function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via crafted overflow data.",
"id": "GHSA-cfqg-5rj6-9crg",
"modified": "2025-04-30T15:30:36Z",
"published": "2022-11-15T12:00:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42058"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://boschko.ca/tenda_ac1200_router"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CFRR-86XW-MJGP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-17 21:30 – Updated: 2025-03-21 18:31
VLAI
Details
An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.3, macOS Ventura 13.7.3, macOS Sonoma 14.7.3. Parsing a maliciously crafted file may lead to an unexpected app termination.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-24185"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-17T20:15:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.3, macOS Ventura 13.7.3, macOS Sonoma 14.7.3. Parsing a maliciously crafted file may lead to an unexpected app termination.",
"id": "GHSA-cfrr-86xw-mjgp",
"modified": "2025-03-21T18:31:34Z",
"published": "2025-03-17T21:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24185"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122068"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122069"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122070"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.