Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15096 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-VC6V-5GXV-XP37
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:52 – Updated: 2023-03-03 21:30
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in Schism Tracker through 20190722. There is a heap-based buffer overflow via a large number of song patterns in fmt_mtm_load_song in fmt/mtm.c, a different vulnerability than CVE-2019-14465.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-14524"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-02T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Schism Tracker through 20190722. There is a heap-based buffer overflow via a large number of song patterns in fmt_mtm_load_song in fmt/mtm.c, a different vulnerability than CVE-2019-14465.",
"id": "GHSA-vc6v-5gxv-xp37",
"modified": "2023-03-03T21:30:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:52:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-14524"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/schismtracker/schismtracker/issues/201"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/schismtracker/schismtracker/releases/tag/20190805"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-08/msg00072.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-08/msg00083.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VC79-2G2J-JPRJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-08 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:40
VLAI
Details
Tenda AC10 v4 US_AC10V4.0si_V16.03.10.13_cn was discovered to contain a stack overflow via parameter time at /goform/saveParentControlInfo.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-34566"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-08T15:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda AC10 v4 US_AC10V4.0si_V16.03.10.13_cn was discovered to contain a stack overflow via parameter time at /goform/saveParentControlInfo.",
"id": "GHSA-vc79-2g2j-jprj",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:40:34Z",
"published": "2023-06-08T15:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34566"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/%400dayResearch/rk8hQf5rh"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/@0dayResearch/rk8hQf5rh"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VC7F-QV7F-R3VR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:55 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:55
VLAI
Details
In the Android kernel in the FingerTipS touchscreen driver there is a possible out of bounds write due to improper input validation. This could lead to a local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-9446"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-09-06T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Android kernel in the FingerTipS touchscreen driver there is a possible out of bounds write due to improper input validation. This could lead to a local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-vc7f-qv7f-r3vr",
"modified": "2022-05-24T16:55:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:55:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9446"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2019-09-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-VC7Q-8W3H-JX8Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-23 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-25 00:00
VLAI
Details
OTFCC commit 617837b was discovered to contain a heap buffer overflow via /release-x64/otfccdump+0x6e1fc8.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-35036"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-22T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "OTFCC commit 617837b was discovered to contain a heap buffer overflow via /release-x64/otfccdump+0x6e1fc8.",
"id": "GHSA-vc7q-8w3h-jx8q",
"modified": "2022-09-25T00:00:28Z",
"published": "2022-09-23T00:00:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35036"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tcZhjgZse-a8W6vOiBmdQhxtAVr2xyK0/view?usp=sharing"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Cvjark/Poc/blob/main/otfcc/CVE-2022-35036.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VC88-4FGW-CHR5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-28 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-28 00:00
VLAI
Details
NVIDIA Jetson Linux Driver Package contains a vulnerability in the Cboot blob_decompress function, where insufficient validation of untrusted data may allow a local attacker to cause a memory buffer overflow, which may lead to code execution, limited loss of Integrity, and limited denial of service.
Severity
5.7 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28196"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-27T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "NVIDIA Jetson Linux Driver Package contains a vulnerability in the Cboot blob_decompress function, where insufficient validation of untrusted data may allow a local attacker to cause a memory buffer overflow, which may lead to code execution, limited loss of Integrity, and limited denial of service.",
"id": "GHSA-vc88-4fgw-chr5",
"modified": "2022-04-28T00:00:28Z",
"published": "2022-04-28T00:00:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28196"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/5343"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VC8V-7256-2PFQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:04 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:04
VLAI
Details
cyrus-sasl (aka Cyrus SASL) 2.1.27 has an out-of-bounds write leading to unauthenticated remote denial-of-service in OpenLDAP via a malformed LDAP packet. The OpenLDAP crash is ultimately caused by an off-by-one error in _sasl_add_string in common.c in cyrus-sasl.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-19906"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-12-19T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "cyrus-sasl (aka Cyrus SASL) 2.1.27 has an out-of-bounds write leading to unauthenticated remote denial-of-service in OpenLDAP via a malformed LDAP packet. The OpenLDAP crash is ultimately caused by an off-by-one error in _sasl_add_string in common.c in cyrus-sasl.",
"id": "GHSA-vc8v-7256-2pfq",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:04:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:04:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19906"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cyrusimap/cyrus-sasl/issues/587"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r58af02e294bd07f487e2c64ffc0a29b837db5600e33b6e698b9d696b@%3Cissues.bookkeeper.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf4c02775860db415b4955778a131c2795223f61cb8c6a450893651e4@%3Cissues.bookkeeper.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/12/msg00027.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MW6GZCLECGL2PBNHVNPJIX4RPVRVFR7R"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/OB4GSVOJ6ESHQNT5GSV63OX5D4KPSTGT"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Dec/42"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT211288"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT211289"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4256-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2019/dsa-4591"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openldap.org/its/index.cgi/Incoming?id=9123"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2020/Jul/23"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2020/Jul/24"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/02/23/4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VC8W-Q4F6-F3FG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-01 15:30 – Updated: 2025-09-18 18:30
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
cifs: Fix writeback data corruption
cifs writeback doesn't correctly handle the case where cifs_extend_writeback() hits a point where it is considering an additional folio, but this would overrun the wsize - at which point it drops out of the xarray scanning loop and calls xas_pause(). The problem is that xas_pause() advances the loop counter - thereby skipping that page.
What needs to happen is for xas_reset() to be called any time we decide we don't want to process the page we're looking at, but rather send the request we are building and start a new one.
Fix this by copying and adapting the netfslib writepages code as a temporary measure, with cifs writeback intending to be offloaded to netfslib in the near future.
This also fixes the issue with the use of filemap_get_folios_tag() causing retry of a bunch of pages which the extender already dealt with.
This can be tested by creating, say, a 64K file somewhere not on cifs (otherwise copy-offload may get underfoot), mounting a cifs share with a wsize of 64000, copying the file to it and then comparing the original file and the copy:
dd if=/dev/urandom of=/tmp/64K bs=64k count=1
mount //192.168.6.1/test /mnt -o user=...,pass=...,wsize=64000
cp /tmp/64K /mnt/64K
cmp /tmp/64K /mnt/64K
Without the fix, the cmp fails at position 64000 (or shortly thereafter).
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-27036"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-01T13:15:49Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncifs: Fix writeback data corruption\n\ncifs writeback doesn\u0027t correctly handle the case where\ncifs_extend_writeback() hits a point where it is considering an additional\nfolio, but this would overrun the wsize - at which point it drops out of\nthe xarray scanning loop and calls xas_pause(). The problem is that\nxas_pause() advances the loop counter - thereby skipping that page.\n\nWhat needs to happen is for xas_reset() to be called any time we decide we\ndon\u0027t want to process the page we\u0027re looking at, but rather send the\nrequest we are building and start a new one.\n\nFix this by copying and adapting the netfslib writepages code as a\ntemporary measure, with cifs writeback intending to be offloaded to\nnetfslib in the near future.\n\nThis also fixes the issue with the use of filemap_get_folios_tag() causing\nretry of a bunch of pages which the extender already dealt with.\n\nThis can be tested by creating, say, a 64K file somewhere not on cifs\n(otherwise copy-offload may get underfoot), mounting a cifs share with a\nwsize of 64000, copying the file to it and then comparing the original file\nand the copy:\n\n dd if=/dev/urandom of=/tmp/64K bs=64k count=1\n mount //192.168.6.1/test /mnt -o user=...,pass=...,wsize=64000\n cp /tmp/64K /mnt/64K\n cmp /tmp/64K /mnt/64K\n\nWithout the fix, the cmp fails at position 64000 (or shortly thereafter).",
"id": "GHSA-vc8w-q4f6-f3fg",
"modified": "2025-09-18T18:30:20Z",
"published": "2024-05-01T15:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-27036"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/65f2ced695982ccd516196d0a9447d85dbe2eed5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/844b4e132f57f1333dc79feaa035075a096762e4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e45deec35bf7f1f4f992a707b2d04a8c162f2240"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f3dc1bdb6b0b0693562c7c54a6c28bafa608ba3c"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VC94-JFR8-WVQ3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:44 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:44
VLAI
Details
Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and memory corruption) via crafted MPEG-4 data, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8045, CVE-2015-8047, CVE-2015-8060, CVE-2015-8408, CVE-2015-8416, CVE-2015-8417, CVE-2015-8418, CVE-2015-8419, CVE-2015-8443, CVE-2015-8444, CVE-2015-8451, CVE-2015-8455, CVE-2015-8654, CVE-2015-8656, CVE-2015-8657, CVE-2015-8658, and CVE-2015-8820.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-8652"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-03-04T23:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.268 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.228 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.554 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.204, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.204, and Adobe AIR SDK \u0026 Compiler before 20.0.0.204 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and memory corruption) via crafted MPEG-4 data, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-8045, CVE-2015-8047, CVE-2015-8060, CVE-2015-8408, CVE-2015-8416, CVE-2015-8417, CVE-2015-8418, CVE-2015-8419, CVE-2015-8443, CVE-2015-8444, CVE-2015-8451, CVE-2015-8455, CVE-2015-8654, CVE-2015-8656, CVE-2015-8657, CVE-2015-8658, and CVE-2015-8820.",
"id": "GHSA-vc94-jfr8-wvq3",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:44:01Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:44:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-8652"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/flash-player/apsb15-32.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/84160"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-15-656"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VCC4-4XC8-8RMC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-21 18:31 – Updated: 2025-09-23 21:30
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
f2fs: avoid format-overflow warning
With gcc and W=1 option, there's a warning like this:
fs/f2fs/compress.c: In function ‘f2fs_init_page_array_cache’: fs/f2fs/compress.c:1984:47: error: ‘%u’ directive writing between 1 and 7 bytes into a region of size between 5 and 8 [-Werror=format-overflow=] 1984 | sprintf(slab_name, "f2fs_page_array_entry-%u:%u", MAJOR(dev), MINOR(dev)); | ^~
String "f2fs_page_array_entry-%u:%u" can up to 35. The first "%u" can up to 4 and the second "%u" can up to 7, so total size is "24 + 4 + 7 = 35". slab_name's size should be 35 rather than 32.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-52748"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-21T16:15:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nf2fs: avoid format-overflow warning\n\nWith gcc and W=1 option, there\u0027s a warning like this:\n\nfs/f2fs/compress.c: In function \u2018f2fs_init_page_array_cache\u2019:\nfs/f2fs/compress.c:1984:47: error: \u2018%u\u2019 directive writing between\n1 and 7 bytes into a region of size between 5 and 8\n[-Werror=format-overflow=]\n 1984 | sprintf(slab_name, \"f2fs_page_array_entry-%u:%u\", MAJOR(dev),\n\t\tMINOR(dev));\n | ^~\n\nString \"f2fs_page_array_entry-%u:%u\" can up to 35. The first \"%u\" can up\nto 4 and the second \"%u\" can up to 7, so total size is \"24 + 4 + 7 = 35\".\nslab_name\u0027s size should be 35 rather than 32.",
"id": "GHSA-vcc4-4xc8-8rmc",
"modified": "2025-09-23T21:30:53Z",
"published": "2024-05-21T18:31:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-52748"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3eebe636cac53886bd5d1cdd55e082ec9e84983f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/526dd7540a09ecf87b5f54f3ab4e0a2528f25a79"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6fca08fd3085253b48fcb1bd243a0a5e18821a00"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c041f5ddef00c731c541e00bc8ae97b8c84c682f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e0d4e8acb3789c5a8651061fbab62ca24a45c063"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e4088d7d8f1123006d46a42edf51b8c960a58ef9"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VCFM-2R3W-VJX5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-08 21:31 – Updated: 2025-04-08 21:31
VLAI
Details
Adobe Framemaker versions 2020.8, 2022.6 and earlier are affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-30299"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-08T19:15:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Framemaker versions 2020.8, 2022.6 and earlier are affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-vcfm-2r3w-vjx5",
"modified": "2025-04-08T21:31:39Z",
"published": "2025-04-08T21:31:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30299"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/framemaker/apsb25-33.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.