Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-732
Allowed-with-ReviewIncorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product specifies permissions for a security-critical resource in a way that allows that resource to be read or modified by unintended actors.
2206 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-95667 (GCVE-0-2026-95667)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-22 13:11 – Updated: 2026-09-22 15:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MISP Installer Log and FIFO Created World-Readable, Exposing Sensitive Credentials
Summary
The MISP installer scripts (for Debian 12, Debian 13, Ubuntu 24.04, and RHEL 9.4) create a log file at /var/log/misp_install.log and a named pipe (FIFO) at /var/log/misp_install.log.pipe to capture all installer output. The log captures highly sensitive data including the generated admin password, database passwords, GPG passphrase, and supervisor password. However, the log file was created by the tee command under the system default umask, resulting in world-readable permissions (typically 0644). Similarly, the FIFO was created with mkfifo without an explicit mode, also inheriting the default umask and remaining world-readable during the window before it was unlinked.
Any local unprivileged user on the system could read the log file or the FIFO to obtain these credentials.
Additionally, the log file was not removed before creation, meaning a pre-existing symlink in /var/log could have been used to redirect the write to an arbitrary location.
Version affected: <2.5.47
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-22 15:32 UTC
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/d5d72ab38 | patch |
GCVE extensions
AI-generated
Human-reviewed
Confidence: high
Model
qwen3.8:27b
advisory
bcp-05-x-01bcp-05-x-02
AI involvement
GCVE-BCP-05-X-01
Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.
ai-computer-assisted:llm-generatedai-computer-assisted:classification
| Model | Source | Identifier |
|---|---|---|
| qwen3.8:27b | ollama | qwen3.8:27b |
Patch provenance
GCVE-BCP-05-X-02
- Generator
-
patch2vuln.pyon 2026-09-22 13:03 - Model
qwen3.8:27b- Input
-
https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/d5d72ab38.patch
e0af51eb247c… - Confidence
- high
| Commit | Subject | Patch SHA-256 |
|---|---|---|
d5d72ab38eda
|
fix: [security] Create the installer log and its FIFO | e0af51eb247c… |
Fix summary
The installer scripts now explicitly create the log file with 0600 permissions using install -m 0600 and the FIFO with mkfifo -m 0600, ensuring both are root-readable/writable only from the moment of creation. The log file is also removed (rm -f) before creation to prevent a pre-existing symlink in /var/log from being used to redirect the write to an attacker-controlled path. This matches the existing 0600 treatment applied to /root/misp_settings.txt by the save_settings() function.
Patch summary
In all four installer scripts (INSTALL.debian12.sh, INSTALL.debian13.sh, INSTALL.ubuntu2404.sh, xINSTALL.rhel94.sh), the single line mkfifo ${logfile}.pipe is replaced with three lines: rm -f "$logfile" to remove any pre-existing file or symlink; install -m 0600 /dev/null "$logfile" to create the log file with root-only permissions; and mkfifo -m 0600 ${logfile}.pipe to create the FIFO with root-only permissions. The subsequent tee and exec redirection lines remain unchanged.
CVSS rationale
Attack Vector is Local because the attacker must have a local account or shell access on the system where the MISP installer runs. Attack Complexity is Low because reading a world-readable file requires no special conditions. No Attack Target manipulation is needed. Privileges Required is None because the file is world-readable (0644) and any unprivileged local user can read it. No User Interaction is required. Confidentiality impact is High because the log contains the admin password, database passwords, GPG passphrase, and supervisor password, granting full compromise of the MISP deployment. Integrity and Availability impacts are None. Scope is Not Changed because the exposed credentials belong to the same MISP system. The vulnerability is transient (only during installation) but the log file persists after installation unless manually removed.
Weakness rationale
- CWE-732 The installer log file and FIFO were created under the default umask, resulting in world-readable permissions on a file containing sensitive credentials (admin password, database passwords, GPG passphrase, supervisor password). The fix explicitly sets 0600 permissions, confirming the root cause was incorrect permission assignment.
- CWE-22 The log file was not removed before creation, allowing a pre-existing symlink in /var/log to redirect the write to an arbitrary file. The fix adds rm -f before creation to mitigate this symlink-following risk. This is a secondary weakness addressed by the same patch.
Attack pattern rationale
- CAPEC-135 The most direct attack pattern is a local unprivileged user simply reading the world-readable log file at /var/log/misp_install.log to harvest sensitive credentials. No complex exploitation is required beyond file read access. CAPEC-135 covers the general pattern of an attacker leveraging misconfigured file permissions to access sensitive data. The symlink variant (CWE-22) could also map to CAPEC-135 as a sub-technique of permission exploitation.
Assumptions to verify
- The affected version range is inferred from the tag_version_boundary (v2.5.47 with 38 commits after fix); the exact first affected version is not specified in the patch metadata.
- The vulnerability is transient in the sense that it only manifests during the installer execution window, but the log file persists on disk after installation and remains world-readable unless the administrator manually changes permissions or removes it.
- The CVSS assumes the log file remains on disk after installation; if it is immediately removed by the installer, the exposure window is shorter but the file is still readable during the installation process.
- CAPEC-135 is the closest available attack pattern; no CAPEC specifically covers 'reading a world-readable log file containing credentials,' so the general permission-misuse pattern is the best match.
- The symlink attack vector (CWE-22) is a secondary concern addressed by the same patch; the primary vulnerability is the incorrect file permissions (CWE-732).
- The installer is assumed to run as root (standard for system installation scripts), which is why 0600 permissions restrict access to root only.
Model comparison
Selected qwen3.8:27b
by deterministic-consensus-v1
The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required.
| Model | Score | Agreement | Confidence | Assumptions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
qwen3.8:27b |
5 | 9 | high | 6 |
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CVE-2026-95627 (GCVE-0-2026-95627)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 09:43 – Updated: 2026-09-23 14:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Tauri framework v2 Dialog plugin auto-expands the filesystem scope with attacker-controlled recursion
Summary
When a Tauri application uses the dialog plugin's file or folder picker, an attacker with JavaScript execution (XSS) can force the scope expansion to be recursive, granting read/write access to an entire directory tree after a single user click on a normal-looking OS file dialog. The user has no indication that recursive access was granted, and the expanded scope cannot be revoked for the lifetime of the application.
Severity
7.7 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-23 14:21 UTC
CWE
- CWE-732 - Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/tauri-apps/plugins-workspace/s… | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/tauri-apps/plugins-workspace | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tauri | tauri-plugin-dialog |
Affected:
2.0.0 , ≤ *
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-92941 (GCVE-0-2026-92941)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 13:46 – Updated: 2026-09-17 15:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
vm2 3.11.3 before 3.11.7 TLS Trust Store Manipulation
Summary
vm2 versions from 3.11.3 before 3.11.7 expose the host tls module to NodeVM sandbox code, allowing attackers to call tls.setDefaultCACertificates() and replace process-wide certificate authorities. Attackers with access to allowed tls and url builtins can use URLSearchParams to create host-realm arrays and manipulate the TLS trust store, enabling subsequent host HTTPS clients to accept attacker-controlled certificates.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 15:48 UTC
CWE
- CWE-732 - Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advis… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vm2-3.11.3-b… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| patriksimek | vm2 |
Affected:
3.11.3 , < 3.11.7
(semver)
Unaffected: 3.11.7 (semver) |
Date Public
2026-08-24 00:00
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CVE-2026-91800 (GCVE-0-2026-91800)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 07:50 – Updated: 2026-09-23 14:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Foxit PDF Editor installer local privilege escalation
Summary
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Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-23 14:45 UTC
CWE
- CWE-732 - Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Foxit Software Inc. | Foxit PDF Editor |
Affected:
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CVE-2026-91798 (GCVE-0-2026-91798)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 07:50 – Updated: 2026-09-23 14:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Foxit PDF Editor/Reader Updater Privilege Escalation
Summary
A local privilege escalation vulnerability exists in the update daemon of Foxit PDF Editor/Reader due to an insecure permission configuration that allows the configuration file to be modified by regular users, which may lead to arbitrary script execution with higher privileges.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-23 14:40 UTC
CWE
- CWE-732 - Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Foxit Software Inc. | Foxit PDF Editor |
Affected:
Versions 2026.2 and earlier
Affected: Versions 14.0.7 and earlier Affected: Versions 13.2.6 and earlier |
|
| Foxit Software Inc. | Foxit PDF Reader |
Affected:
Versions 2026.2 and earlier
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CVE-2026-87988 (GCVE-0-2026-87988)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-11 14:35 – Updated: 2026-09-11 15:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
An arbitrary file access vulnerability in Mistral Vibe allows an attacker to bypass workspace restrictions through commands classified as unconditionally allowed. Missing path validation for these commands enables access to files outside the active workspace without user approval.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-11 15:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-732 - Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| mistralai | mistral-vibe |
Affected:
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CVE-2026-85887 (GCVE-0-2026-85887)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 23:04 – Updated: 2026-09-23 22:40 Exclusively Hosted Service
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
M365 Copilot Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Incorrect permission assignment for critical resource in M365 Copilot allows an authorized attacker to disclose information over a network.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-18 13:35 UTC
CWE
- CWE-732 - Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Microsoft 365 Copilot |
Affected:
-
cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:365_copilot:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-09-17 14:00
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CVE-2026-84828 (GCVE-0-2026-84828)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-10 11:20 – Updated: 2026-09-14 16:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Pcs: pcs: non-root haclient users can read arbitrary files via pcs host auth --token
Summary
A flaw was found in PCS (Pacemaker Configuration System). A local attacker with membership in the 'haclient' group can exploit the 'pcs host auth --token' command to read the contents of arbitrary files on the filesystem, provided the files are shorter than 256 bytes. The file contents are read with root privileges by the pcsd daemon and can be exfiltrated by the attacker through subsequent cluster node communication. This allows disclosure of sensitive data such as API keys, tokens, or configuration secrets that would otherwise be inaccessible to the attacker.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 16:36 UTC
CWE
- CWE-732 - Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-84828 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2527320 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://github.com/ClusterLabs/pcs/commit/9178b78… |
Impacted products
6 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenStack Platform 16.2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openstack:16.2
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenStack Platform 17.1 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openstack:17.1
|
Date Public
2026-09-10 11:08
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CVE-2026-84806 (GCVE-0-2026-84806)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-02 11:11 – Updated: 2026-09-02 16:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Kimai before 2.63.0 Authorization Bypass via Team Access Endpoints
Summary
Kimai before 2.63.0 contains an improper authorization vulnerability in team access endpoints that allows authenticated users with team edit permissions and read-only access to grant team access to customers, projects, or activities. Attackers can exploit insufficient permission checks by sending POST requests to team access endpoints to modify access control lists for entities they should not be able to modify.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-02 13:42 UTC
CWE
- CWE-732 - Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/kimai/kimai/security/advisorie… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/kimai-before… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-08-19 00:00
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CVE-2026-82697 (GCVE-0-2026-82697)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-31 13:15 – Updated: 2026-08-31 14:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
sambitraj Student-Management-System session_start cookie httponly flag
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in sambitraj Student-Management-System up to 56ba287f2e9031523ccb4244cb6e3fe530e4e5d5. The impacted element is the function session_start. Such manipulation leads to cookie without 'httponly' flag. The attack may be launched remotely. A high complexity level is associated with this attack. The exploitability is regarded as difficult. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. This product operates on a rolling release basis, ensuring continuous delivery. Consequently, there are no version details for either affected or updated releases. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-31 14:21 UTC
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/397185 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/397185/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-82697 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/894300 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/sambitraj/STUDENT-MANAGEMENT-S… | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/sambitraj/STUDENT-MANAGEMENT-SYSTEM/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| sambitraj | Student-Management-System |
Affected:
56ba287f2e9031523ccb4244cb6e3fe530e4e5d5
cpe:2.3:a:sambitraj:student-management-system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"version": "4.0"
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},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 3.7,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 3.7,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
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{
"cvssV2_0": {
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"version": "2.0"
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}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-1004",
"description": "Cookie Without \u0027HttpOnly\u0027 Flag",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-732",
"description": "Incorrect Permission Assignment",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
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"providerMetadata": {
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"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
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"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-397185 | sambitraj Student-Management-System session_start cookie httponly flag",
"tags": [
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"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/397185"
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{
"name": "VDB-397185 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
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},
{
"name": "CVE-2026-82697 | CVE Analysis and Report",
"tags": [
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"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-82697"
},
{
"name": "Submit #894300 | sambitraj STUDENT-MANAGEMENT-SYSTEM 56ba287f2e9031523ccb4244cb6e3fe530e4e5d5 Cookie Without \u0027HttpOnly\u0027 Flag",
"tags": [
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"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/894300"
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{
"tags": [
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"url": "https://github.com/sambitraj/STUDENT-MANAGEMENT-SYSTEM/issues/10"
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{
"tags": [
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"url": "https://github.com/sambitraj/STUDENT-MANAGEMENT-SYSTEM/"
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"timeline": [
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"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-08-30T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
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{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-08-30T02:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
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{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-08-30T20:01:26.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
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],
"title": "sambitraj Student-Management-System session_start cookie httponly flag",
"x_generator": [
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}
},
"cveMetadata": {
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"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-82697",
"datePublished": "2026-08-31T13:15:09.021Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-30T17:56:10.413Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-31T14:21:25.752Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Implementation
When using a critical resource such as a configuration file, check to see if the resource has insecure permissions (such as being modifiable by any regular user) [REF-62], and generate an error or even exit the software if there is a possibility that the resource could have been modified by an unauthorized party.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully defining distinct user groups, privileges, and/or roles. Map these against data, functionality, and the related resources. Then set the permissions accordingly. This will allow you to maintain more fine-grained control over your resources. [REF-207]
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation
Implementation
Installation
During program startup, explicitly set the default permissions or umask to the most restrictive setting possible. Also set the appropriate permissions during program installation. This will prevent you from inheriting insecure permissions from any user who installs or runs the program.
Mitigation
System Configuration
For all configuration files, executables, and libraries, make sure that they are only readable and writable by the software's administrator.
Mitigation
Documentation
Do not suggest insecure configuration changes in documentation, especially if those configurations can extend to resources and other programs that are outside the scope of the application.
Mitigation
Installation
Do not assume that a system administrator will manually change the configuration to the settings that are recommended in the software's manual.
Mitigation MIT-37
Operation
System Configuration
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Ensure that the software runs properly under the United States Government Configuration Baseline (USGCB) [REF-199] or an equivalent hardening configuration guide, which many organizations use to limit the attack surface and potential risk of deployed software.
Mitigation
Implementation
System Configuration
Operation
When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to disable public access.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-122: Privilege Abuse
An adversary is able to exploit features of the target that should be reserved for privileged users or administrators but are exposed to use by lower or non-privileged accounts. Access to sensitive information and functionality must be controlled to ensure that only authorized users are able to access these resources.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-180: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels
An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack.
CAPEC-206: Signing Malicious Code
The adversary extracts credentials used for code signing from a production environment and then uses these credentials to sign malicious content with the developer's key. Many developers use signing keys to sign code or hashes of code. When users or applications verify the signatures are accurate they are led to believe that the code came from the owner of the signing key and that the code has not been modified since the signature was applied. If the adversary has extracted the signing credentials then they can use those credentials to sign their own code bundles. Users or tools that verify the signatures attached to the code will likely assume the code came from the legitimate developer and install or run the code, effectively allowing the adversary to execute arbitrary code on the victim's computer. This differs from CAPEC-673, because the adversary is performing the code signing.
CAPEC-234: Hijacking a privileged process
An adversary gains control of a process that is assigned elevated privileges in order to execute arbitrary code with those privileges. Some processes are assigned elevated privileges on an operating system, usually through association with a particular user, group, or role. If an attacker can hijack this process, they will be able to assume its level of privilege in order to execute their own code.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-61: Session Fixation
The attacker induces a client to establish a session with the target software using a session identifier provided by the attacker. Once the user successfully authenticates to the target software, the attacker uses the (now privileged) session identifier in their own transactions. This attack leverages the fact that the target software either relies on client-generated session identifiers or maintains the same session identifiers after privilege elevation.
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.
CAPEC-642: Replace Binaries
Adversaries know that certain binaries will be regularly executed as part of normal processing. If these binaries are not protected with the appropriate file system permissions, it could be possible to replace them with malware. This malware might be executed at higher system permission levels. A variation of this pattern is to discover self-extracting installation packages that unpack binaries to directories with weak file permissions which it does not clean up appropriately. These binaries can be replaced by malware, which can then be executed.