Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-522

Allowed-with-Review

Insufficiently Protected Credentials

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.

1811 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-R3W6-85FH-VQFQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:47 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:47
VLAI
Details

Insufficient password protection in the attestation database for Open CIT may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable information disclosure via local access.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-0178"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362",
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-06-13T16:29:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Insufficient password protection in the attestation database for Open CIT may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable information disclosure via local access.",
  "id": "GHSA-r3w6-85fh-vqfq",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T16:47:58Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:47:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-0178"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/in"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00248.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R42J-8H58-J557

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:03 – Updated: 2022-08-31 00:00
VLAI
Details

The NGINX Controller 2.0.0 thru 2.9.0 and 3.x before 3.15.0 Administrator password may be exposed in the systemd.txt file that is included in the NGINX support package.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-23019"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-06-01T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The NGINX Controller 2.0.0 thru 2.9.0 and 3.x before 3.15.0 Administrator password may be exposed in the systemd.txt file that is included in the NGINX support package.",
  "id": "GHSA-r42j-8h58-j557",
  "modified": "2022-08-31T00:00:18Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:03:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23019"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K04884013"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R496-X769-F8J4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-09 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-05 20:01
VLAI
Summary
Jenkins ReadyAPI Functional Testing Plugin vulnerability exposes secrets
Details

Jenkins ReadyAPI Functional Testing Plugin 1.11 and earlier stores SLM License Access Keys, client secrets, and passwords unencrypted in job config.xml files on the Jenkins controller as part of its configuration.

These credentials can be viewed by users with Item/Extended Read permission or access to the Jenkins controller file system.

Additionally, the job configuration form does not mask these credentials, increasing the potential for attackers to observe and capture them.

As of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:soapui-pro-functional-testing"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "1.11"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-53657"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-07-09T21:18:51Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-09T16:15:25Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Jenkins ReadyAPI Functional Testing Plugin 1.11 and earlier stores SLM License Access Keys, client secrets, and passwords unencrypted in job config.xml files on the Jenkins controller as part of its configuration.\n\nThese credentials can be viewed by users with Item/Extended Read permission or access to the Jenkins controller file system.\n\nAdditionally, the job configuration form does not mask these credentials, increasing the potential for attackers to observe and capture them.\n\nAs of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.",
  "id": "GHSA-r496-x769-f8j4",
  "modified": "2025-11-05T20:01:26Z",
  "published": "2025-07-09T18:30:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53657"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/soapui-pro-functional-testing-plugin"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2025-07-09/#SECURITY-3556"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/07/09/4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Jenkins ReadyAPI Functional Testing Plugin vulnerability exposes secrets"
}

GHSA-R4PJ-MFCC-HFR5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:21 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:21
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in Mattermost Server before 5.8.0. It mishandles brute-force attacks against MFA.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-20881"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-06-19T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Mattermost Server before 5.8.0. It mishandles brute-force attacks against MFA.",
  "id": "GHSA-r4pj-mfcc-hfr5",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:21:14Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:21:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-20881"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-R4VC-QVP9-9H22

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-28 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-28 18:30
VLAI
Details

M/Monit 3.7.4 contains an authentication vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to retrieve user password hashes through an administrative API endpoint. Attackers can send requests to the /api/1/admin/users/list and /api/1/admin/users/get endpoints to extract MD5 password hashes for all users.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-36968"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-28T18:16:47Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "M/Monit 3.7.4 contains an authentication vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to retrieve user password hashes through an administrative API endpoint. Attackers can send requests to the /api/1/admin/users/list and /api/1/admin/users/get endpoints to extract MD5 password hashes for all users.",
  "id": "GHSA-r4vc-qvp9-9h22",
  "modified": "2026-01-28T18:30:48Z",
  "published": "2026-01-28T18:30:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36968"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://mmonit.com"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/49081"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/mmonit-password-disclosure"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R55W-XPH5-XVX2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:43 – Updated: 2024-10-23 18:25
VLAI
Summary
SaltStack Salt Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information via cmdmod
Details

An issue was discovered in through SaltStack Salt before 3002.5. salt.modules.cmdmod can log credentials to the info or error log level.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "salt"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2015.8.13"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "salt"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2016.3.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2016.11.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "salt"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2016.11.7"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2016.11.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "salt"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2017.5.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2017.7.8"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "salt"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2018.2.0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "2018.3.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "salt"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2019.2.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2019.2.8"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "salt"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3000"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3000.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "salt"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3001"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3001.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "salt"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3002"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3002.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-25284"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-312",
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-22T21:17:02Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-02-27T05:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in through SaltStack Salt before 3002.5. `salt.modules.cmdmod` can log credentials to the info or error log level.",
  "id": "GHSA-r55w-xph5-xvx2",
  "modified": "2024-10-23T18:25:59Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:43:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-25284"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-5011"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202310-22"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202103-01"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://saltproject.io/security_announcements/active-saltstack-cve-release-2021-feb-25"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YOGNT2XWPOYV7YT75DN7PS4GIYWFKOK5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FUGLOJ6NXLCIFRD2JTXBYQEMAEF2B6XH"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/7GRVZ5WAEI3XFN2BDTL6DDXFS5HYSDVB"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YOGNT2XWPOYV7YT75DN7PS4GIYWFKOK5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FUGLOJ6NXLCIFRD2JTXBYQEMAEF2B6XH"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/7GRVZ5WAEI3XFN2BDTL6DDXFS5HYSDVB"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/01/msg00000.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/11/msg00009.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt/releases"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt/blob/8f9405cf8e6f7d7776d5000841c886dec6d96250/doc/topics/releases/3002.3.rst#L37"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt/blob/8f9405cf8e6f7d7776d5000841c886dec6d96250/doc/topics/releases/3001.5.rst#L37"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt/blob/8f9405cf8e6f7d7776d5000841c886dec6d96250/doc/topics/releases/3000.7.rst#L37"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/salt/PYSEC-2021-53.yaml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "SaltStack Salt Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information via cmdmod "
}

GHSA-R563-X828-CR83

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:44 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:47
VLAI
Details

Sera 1.2 stores the user's login password in plain text in their home directory. This makes privilege escalation trivial and also exposes the user and system keychains to local attacks.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-15918"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-11-01T17:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Sera 1.2 stores the user\u0027s login password in plain text in their home directory. This makes privilege escalation trivial and also exposes the user and system keychains to local attacks.",
  "id": "GHSA-r563-x828-cr83",
  "modified": "2025-04-20T03:47:56Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:44:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-15918"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://m4.rkw.io/blog/cve201715918-sera-12-local-root-privesc-and-password-disclosure.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/43221"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R5C8-8XVG-QM37

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-20 00:32 – Updated: 2025-02-20 00:32
VLAI
Details

The product transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval. (CWE-522)

Hitachi Vantara Pentaho Data Integration & Analytics versions before 10.2.0.0 and 9.3.0.8, including 8.3.x, discloses database passwords when saving connections to RedShift.

Products must not disclose sensitive information without cause. Disclosure of sensitive information can lead to further exploitation.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-37362"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-20T00:15:19Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The product transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval. (CWE-522) \n\n\n\n\u00a0\n\n\n\nHitachi Vantara Pentaho Data Integration \u0026 Analytics versions before 10.2.0.0 and 9.3.0.8, including 8.3.x, discloses database passwords when saving connections to RedShift.\n\n\n\n\u00a0\n\n\n\nProducts must not disclose sensitive information without cause. Disclosure of sensitive information can lead to further exploitation.",
  "id": "GHSA-r5c8-8xvg-qm37",
  "modified": "2025-02-20T00:32:05Z",
  "published": "2025-02-20T00:32:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-37362"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.pentaho.com/hc/en-us/articles/34296552220941--Resolved-Hitachi-Vantara-Pentaho-Data-Integration-Analytics-Insufficiently-Protected-Credentials-Versions-before-10-2-0-0-and-9-3-0-8-including-8-3-x-Impacted-CVE-2024-37362"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R5F4-VQ84-CR57

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:19 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:19
VLAI
Details

The PureVPN client before 6.1.0 for Windows stores Login Credentials (username and password) in cleartext. The location of such files is %PROGRAMDATA%\purevpn\config\login.conf. Additionally, all local users can read this file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-18656"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-10-26T12:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The PureVPN client before 6.1.0 for Windows stores Login Credentials (username and password) in cleartext. The location of such files is %PROGRAMDATA%\\purevpn\\config\\login.conf. Additionally, all local users can read this file.",
  "id": "GHSA-r5f4-vq84-cr57",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:19:39Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:19:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-18656"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/Resources/SpiderLabs-Blog/Credential-Leak-Flaws-in-Windows-PureVPN-Client"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R5GJ-58J5-98HH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:04 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:04
VLAI
Details

Brocade SANnav before version 2.1.1 contains an Improper Authentication vulnerability that allows cleartext transmission of authentication credentials of the jmx server.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-15381"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-06-09T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Brocade SANnav before version 2.1.1 contains an Improper Authentication vulnerability that allows cleartext transmission of authentication credentials of the jmx server.",
  "id": "GHSA-r5gj-58j5-98hh",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:04:34Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:04:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15381"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.broadcom.com/support/fibre-channel-networking/security-advisories/brocade-security-advisory-2021-1483"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use an appropriate security mechanism to protect the credentials.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Make appropriate use of cryptography to protect the credentials.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use industry standards to protect the credentials (e.g. LDAP, keystore, etc.).

CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking

Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.

CAPEC-474: Signature Spoofing by Key Theft

An attacker obtains an authoritative or reputable signer's private signature key by theft and then uses this key to forge signatures from the original signer to mislead a victim into performing actions that benefit the attacker.

CAPEC-50: Password Recovery Exploitation

An attacker may take advantage of the application feature to help users recover their forgotten passwords in order to gain access into the system with the same privileges as the original user. Generally password recovery schemes tend to be weak and insecure.

CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting

Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.

CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.

CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials

This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.

CAPEC-560: Use of Known Domain Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.

CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.

CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing

An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.

CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)

An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.

CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)

An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.

CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials

An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.

CAPEC-653: Use of Known Operating System Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate operating system credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the system, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. This applies to any Operating System.