Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-409
AllowedImproper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product does not handle or incorrectly handles a compressed input with a very high compression ratio that produces a large output.
230 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-40036 (GCVE-0-2026-40036)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-08 21:35 – Updated: 2026-07-14 20:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unfurl < 2026.04 - Denial of Service via Unbounded zlib Decompression
Summary
Unfurl before 2026.04 contains an unbounded zlib decompression vulnerability in parse_compressed.py that allows remote attackers to cause denial of service. Attackers can submit highly compressed payloads via URL parameters to the /json/visjs endpoint that expand to gigabytes, exhausting server memory and crashing the service.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-11 03:05 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/obsidianforensics/unfurl/secur… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/obsidianforensics/unfurl/relea… | release-notespatch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/dfir-unfurl-… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| obsidianforensics | unfurl |
Affected:
0 , < 2026.04
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-01-28 00:00
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CVE-2026-39373 (GCVE-0-2026-39373)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-07 19:35 – Updated: 2026-04-07 20:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
JWCrypto: JWE ZIP decompression bomb
Summary
JWCrypto implements JWK, JWS, and JWE specifications using python-cryptography. Prior to 1.5.7, an unauthenticated attacker can exhaust server memory by sending crafted JWE tokens with ZIP compression. The existing patch for CVE-2024-28102 limits input token size to 250KB but does not validate the decompressed output size. An unauthenticated attacker can cause memory exhaustion on memory-constrained systems. A token under the 250KB input limit can decompress to approximately 100MB. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.5.7.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-07 20:22 UTC
CWE
- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/latchset/jwcrypto/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-32630 (GCVE-0-2026-32630)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-13 20:54 – Updated: 2026-03-16 16:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
file-type affected by ZIP Decompression Bomb DoS via [Content_Types].xml entry
Summary
file-type detects the file type of a file, stream, or data. From 20.0.0 to 21.3.1, a crafted ZIP file can trigger excessive memory growth during type detection in file-type when using fileTypeFromBuffer(), fileTypeFromBlob(), or fileTypeFromFile(). The ZIP inflate output limit is enforced for stream-based detection, but not for known-size inputs. As a result, a small compressed ZIP can cause file-type to inflate and process a much larger payload while probing ZIP-based formats such as OOXML. This vulnerability is fixed in 21.3.2.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-16 16:59 UTC
CWE
- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/sindresorhus/file-type/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/sindresorhus/file-type/commit/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| sindresorhus | file-type |
Affected:
>= 20.0.0, < 21.3.2
|
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CVE-2026-32044 (GCVE-0-2026-32044)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-21 00:42 – Updated: 2026-06-23 16:14 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenClaw < 2026.3.2 - Tar Archive Safety Bypass in Skills Installation
Summary
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.3.2 contain an archive extraction vulnerability in the tar.bz2 installer path that bypasses safety checks enforced on other archive formats. Attackers can craft malicious tar.bz2 skill archives to bypass special-entry blocking and extracted-size guardrails, causing local denial of service during skill installation.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-23 16:46 UTC
CWE
- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/adv… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/0dbb9… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-tar… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-03-03 00:00
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CVE-2026-28435 (GCVE-0-2026-28435)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-04 19:36 – Updated: 2026-03-04 20:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Payload size limit bypass via gzip decompression in ContentReader (streaming) allows oversized request bodies in cpp-httplib
Summary
cpp-httplib is a C++11 single-file header-only cross platform HTTP/HTTPS library. Prior to 0.35.0, cpp-httplib (httplib.h) does not enforce Server::set_payload_max_length() on the decompressed request body when using HandlerWithContentReader (streaming ContentReader) with Content-Encoding: gzip (or other supported encodings). A small compressed payload can expand beyond the configured payload limit and be processed by the application, enabling a payload size limit bypass and potential denial of service (CPU/memory exhaustion). This vulnerability is fixed in 0.35.0.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-04 20:37 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib/commit/c99… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| yhirose | cpp-httplib |
Affected:
< 0.35.0
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CVE-2026-27809 (GCVE-0-2026-27809)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-25 23:57 – Updated: 2026-02-26 15:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
psd-tools: Compression module has unguarded zlib decompression, missing dimension validation, and hardening gaps
Summary
psd-tools is a Python package for working with Adobe Photoshop PSD files. Prior to version 1.12.2, when a PSD file contains malformed RLE-compressed image data (e.g. a literal run that extends past the expected row size), decode_rle() raises ValueError which propagated all the way to the user, crashing psd.composite() and psd-tools export. decompress() already had a fallback that replaces failed channels with black pixels when result is None, but it never triggered because the ValueError from decode_rle() was not caught. The fix in version 1.12.2 wraps the decode_rle() call in a try/except so the existing fallback handles the error gracefully.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-26 15:17 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/psd-tools/psd-tools/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/psd-tools/psd-tools/commit/6c0… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/psd-tools/psd-tools/releases/t… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-27571 (GCVE-0-2026-27571)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-24 15:59 – Updated: 2026-02-26 21:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
nats-server websockets are vulnerable to pre-auth memory DoS
Summary
NATS-Server is a High-Performance server for NATS.io, a cloud and edge native messaging system. The WebSockets handling of NATS messages handles compressed messages via the WebSockets negotiated compression. Prior to versions 2.11.2 and 2.12.3, the implementation bound the memory size of a NATS message but did not independently bound the memory consumption of the memory stream when constructing a NATS message which might then fail validation for size reasons. An attacker can use a compression bomb to cause excessive memory consumption, often resulting in the operating system terminating the server process. The use of compression is negotiated before authentication, so this does not require valid NATS credentials to exploit. The fix, present in versions 2.11.2 and 2.12.3, was to bounds the decompression to fail once the message was too large, instead of continuing on. The vulnerability only affects deployments which use WebSockets and which expose the network port to untrusted end-points.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-26 21:06 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nats-io/nats-server/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nats-io/nats-server/commit/f77… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nats-io/nats-server/releases/t… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nats-io/nats-server/releases/t… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nats-io | nats-server |
Affected:
< 2.11.12
Affected: >= 2.12.0-RC.1, < 2.12.3 |
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CVE-2026-27460 (GCVE-0-2026-27460)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-10 19:09 – Updated: 2026-04-13 15:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Tandoor Recipes Affected by Denial of Service via Recipe Import
Summary
Tandoor Recipes is an application for managing recipes, planning meals, and building shopping lists. Prior to 2.6.5, a critical Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability was in the recipe import functionality. This vulnerability allows an authenticated user to crash the server or make a significantly degrade its performance by uploading a large size ZIP file (ZIP Bomb). This vulnerability is fixed in 2.6.5.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-13 15:28 UTC
CWE
- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/TandoorRecipes/recipes/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| TandoorRecipes | recipes |
Affected:
< 2.6.5
|
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CVE-2026-25962 (GCVE-0-2026-25962)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-06 02:48 – Updated: 2026-03-06 16:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MarkUs: Zip bomb in config upload enables DoS
Summary
MarkUs is a web application for the submission and grading of student assignments. Prior to version 2.9.4, MarkUs currently extracts zip files without any size or entry-count limits. For example, instructors can upload a zip file to provide an assignment configuration; students can upload a zip file for an assignment submission and indicate its contents should be extracted. This issue has been patched in version 2.9.4.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-06 15:50 UTC
CWE
- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MarkUsProject/Markus/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/MarkUsProject/Markus/releases/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MarkUsProject | Markus |
Affected:
< 2.9.4
|
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CVE-2026-24264 (GCVE-0-2026-24264)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-01 15:11 – Updated: 2026-07-01 15:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
NVIDIA Triton Inference Server for Linux contains a vulnerability where an attacker can cause improper handling of highly compressed data. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to denial of service.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-01 15:55 UTC
CWE
- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NVIDIA | Triton Inference Server |
Affected:
0.0 - 26.03
|
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No mitigation information available for this CWE.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.