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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-367

Allowed

Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.

1284 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-55524 (GCVE-0-2026-55524)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 19:58 – Updated: 2026-08-06 14:43
VLAI
Title
PraisonAI: SSRF in web_crawl tool via redirect-following and DNS rebinding (validate-then-fetch gap)
Summary
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. In versions prior to 1.6.58, the web_crawl tool performs its SSRF check only on the initially supplied URL, allowing the protection to be bypassed so the tool connects to attacker-chosen internal destinations. The check resolves the hostname once with socket.gethostbyname and rejects private/loopback/link-local results, but then passes the URL to a fetcher using httpx.Client(follow_redirects=True) (or urllib.request.urlopen when httpx is absent, which also follows redirects) that re-resolves the hostname at connect time with no further validation. This validate-here/fetch-there gap is exploitable through both HTTP redirects and DNS rebinding. If an attacker can influence URLs passed to web_crawl(), directly or through an agent/tool workflow, they can cause the PraisonAI host to fetch loopback, private-network, or cloud metadata endpoints reachable from that host, with the response body returned in the web_crawl() result. This issue has been fixed in version 1.6.58.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-06 14:41 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
  • CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MervinPraison PraisonAI Affected: < 1.6.58
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-55391 (GCVE-0-2026-55391)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-28 21:45 – Updated: 2026-07-29 13:30
VLAI
Title
datamodel-code-generator vulnerable to SSRF protection bypass via DNS rebinding
Summary
datamodel-code-generator generates Pydantic v2 models, dataclasses, TypedDict, and msgspec.Struct from OpenAPI, JSON Schema, GraphQL, Avro, Protobuf, and raw JSON, YAML, or CSV. Prior to 0.63.0, datamodel-code-generator validates a URL host once in src/datamodel_code_generator/http.py through get_body, _validate_url_for_fetch, and _get_ips_from_host, but then lets httpx resolve the host again for the connection, allowing DNS rebinding to bypass allow_private_network=False and reach internal services. This issue is fixed in version 0.63.0.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-29 13:29 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-350 - Reliance on Reverse DNS Resolution for a Security-Critical Action
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
  • CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54777 (GCVE-0-2026-54777)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 22:01 – Updated: 2026-07-10 03:55
VLAI
Title
CoreWCF NetNamedPipe transport accepts attach to a pre-existing named pipe instance
Summary
CoreWCF is a port of the service side of Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) to .NET Core. Prior to 1.8.1 and 1.9.1, CoreWCF NetNamedPipe transport accepts attachment to a pre-existing named pipe instance, allowing local interception of NetNamedPipe traffic when an attacker races NamedPipeListener startup between shared memory GUID publication and service named pipe creation. This issue is fixed in versions 1.8.1 and 1.9.1.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-09 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
  • CWE-665 - Improper Initialization
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
CoreWCF CoreWCF Affected: >= 1.9.0, < 1.9.1
Affected: < 1.8.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54754 (GCVE-0-2026-54754)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-28 16:20 – Updated: 2026-08-31 18:52
VLAI
Title
Klever-Go: Marketplace settlement mints KLV when referral % + royalty % exceed the bid (negative seller share silently skipped)
Summary
Klever-Go is the Go implementation of the Klever blockchain protocol. Prior to 1.7.19, marketplace settlement in core/kapp/market/market.go reads MarketOrderData.ReferralPercentage from the listing while reading asset.Royalties.MarketPercentage live at purchase time. An asset owner can create a valid listing and then use AssetTrigger UpdateRoyalties to make the combined referral and royalty percentages exceed the bid. executeBuyMarket pays referral and royalty amounts unconditionally while computeMarketOwnerAmount silently skips a nonpositive seller remainder, allowing MarketBuy, BuyItNow, or auction Claim settlement to credit more KLV or sale currency than the buyer paid. This can create unbacked currency and corrupt token supply integrity. This issue is fixed in version 1.7.19.
Severity
9.6 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-31 18:51 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-191 - Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound)
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
  • CWE-682 - Incorrect Calculation
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
klever-io klever-go Affected: < 1.7.19
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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          "value": "Klever-Go is the Go implementation of the Klever blockchain protocol. Prior to 1.7.19, marketplace settlement in core/kapp/market/market.go reads MarketOrderData.ReferralPercentage from the listing while reading asset.Royalties.MarketPercentage live at purchase time. An asset owner can create a valid listing and then use AssetTrigger UpdateRoyalties to make the combined referral and royalty percentages exceed the bid. executeBuyMarket pays referral and royalty amounts unconditionally while computeMarketOwnerAmount silently skips a nonpositive seller remainder, allowing MarketBuy, BuyItNow, or auction Claim settlement to credit more KLV or sale currency than the buyer paid. This can create unbacked currency and corrupt token supply integrity. This issue is fixed in version 1.7.19."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
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            "baseScore": 9.6,
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              "cweId": "CWE-682",
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CVE-2026-54587 (GCVE-0-2026-54587)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 16:56 – Updated: 2026-09-17 19:15
VLAI
Title
mport directory asset installation is vulnerable to symlink and path traversal races
Summary
mport is the MidnightBSD Package Manager. Prior to 2.7.8, directory assets handled as ASSET_DIR or ASSET_DIR_OWNER_MODE in libmport/bundle_read_install_pkg.c used path-based mport_mkdirp(), ownership, and permission operations. A local attacker able to modify part of the target installation tree could use dot-dot traversal or substitute symlinks during privileged package installation, causing directory creation or attribute changes to affect attacker-selected paths outside the intended package directories. This issue is fixed in version 2.7.8.
Severity
5.8 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 19:14 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-59 - Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MidnightBSD mport Affected: < 2.7.8
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54576 (GCVE-0-2026-54576)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 16:58 – Updated: 2026-09-18 14:44
VLAI
Title
mport package installation has symlink TOCTOU in chown and chmod handling
Summary
mport is the MidnightBSD Package Manager. Prior to 2.7.8, do_actual_install() in libmport/bundle_read_install_pkg.c used path-based lstat(), chown(), stat(), and chmod() operations while installing package files. A local attacker with write access to a target directory could replace a checked file with a symlink before privileged ownership or mode changes were applied, redirecting those changes to an attacker-selected path and compromising filesystem integrity or permissions. This issue is fixed in version 2.7.8.
Severity
5.8 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-18 14:36 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-59 - Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MidnightBSD mport Affected: < 2.7.8
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54575 (GCVE-0-2026-54575)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 16:55 – Updated: 2026-09-17 16:55
VLAI
Title
mport package fetch and clean paths are vulnerable to TOCTOU filesystem races
Summary
mport is the MidnightBSD Package Manager. Prior to 2.7.8, privileged package fetch and cache-cleaning operations used race-prone path handling across libmport/fetch.c, libmport/clean.c, libmport/util.c, libmport/bundle_read_install_pkg.c, libmport/delete_primative.c, and libexec/mport.create/mport.create.c. A local attacker with write access to a participating package cache or staging path could race path checks and replacement operations to redirect package downloads, cleanup, or install-related side effects outside the intended cache. The affected lifecycle helper paths also used shell-form invocation, increasing command-line interpretation risk during privileged helper execution. This issue is fixed in version 2.7.8.
Severity
5.8 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MidnightBSD mport Affected: < 2.7.8
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
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CVE-2026-54370 (GCVE-0-2026-54370)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-29 12:38 – Updated: 2026-07-14 21:33 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
acl < 2.4.0 TOCTOU Symlink Traversal via getfacl/setfacl/chacl
Summary
acl before version 2.4.0 contains a time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition vulnerability that allows local attackers to escalate privileges by replacing a pathname component with a symbolic link between an lstat() check and subsequent symlink-following operations such as stat(), chown(), chmod(), acl_get_file(), and acl_set_file(). Attackers who control a pathname component can redirect file access control list operations to arbitrary files when getfacl, setfacl, or chacl is invoked by a privileged process over an attacker-controlled path, resulting in local privilege escalation.
Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-29 14:49 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
acl project acl Affected: 0 , < 2.4.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:acl_project:acl:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-29 00:00
Credits
Andrew Tridgell Andreas Gruenbacher
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54353 (GCVE-0-2026-54353)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-26 20:44 – Updated: 2026-06-29 13:17
VLAI
Title
Budibase: Potential SSRF DNS rebinding bypass in outbound fetch validation
Summary
Budibase is an open-source low-code platform. Prior to 3.39.9, authenticated users with automation permissions can bypass Budibase's SSRF blacklist through DNS rebinding. The outbound fetch flow validates a hostname against the blacklist before the request is sent, but the actual socket connection later performs a separate DNS lookup through node-fetch. Since the validated IPs are never pinned to the connection, an attacker-controlled hostname can return a public IP during validation and a private/internal IP during the real connection. This results in a non-blind SSRF primitive against internal services reachable from the Budibase host, including loopback, RFC1918 ranges, and cloud metadata endpoints. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.39.9.
Severity
8.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-29 13:17 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
  • CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Budibase budibase Affected: < 3.39.9
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54327 (GCVE-0-2026-54327)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 19:28 – Updated: 2026-06-26 18:09
VLAI
Title
Pi: Race condition in auth.json writes could expose stored credentials
Summary
Pi is a minimal terminal coding harness. From 0.74.0 until 0.78.1, Pi stored API keys and OAuth credentials in auth.json. A race condition in the file write path could briefly create or rewrite this file with permissions derived from the process umask before tightening the file to owner-only permissions. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.78.1.
Severity
2.2 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-26 18:09 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
  • CWE-732 - Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
earendil-works pi Affected: >= 0.74.0, < 0.78.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Implementation

The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.

Mitigation
Implementation

When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.

Mitigation
Implementation Architecture and Design

If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.

Mitigation
Implementation

Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.

Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.

CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links

This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.

CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions

This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.

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