Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-319

Allowed

Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product transmits sensitive or security-critical data in cleartext in a communication channel that can be sniffed by unauthorized actors.

1194 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2024-35210 (GCVE-0-2024-35210)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-06-11 11:15 – Updated: 2025-02-11 10:28
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in SINEC Traffic Analyzer (6GK8822-1BG01-0BA0) (All versions < V1.2). The affected web server is not enforcing HSTS. This could allow an attacker to perform downgrade attacks exposing confidential information.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-06-11 13:46 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-319 - Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Siemens SINEC Traffic Analyzer Affected: 0 , < V1.2 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
siemens sinec_traffic_analyzer Affected: 0 , < 1.2 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:siemens:sinec_traffic_analyzer:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-32946 (GCVE-0-2024-32946)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-30 13:35 – Updated: 2024-10-30 15:03
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability in the LevelOne WBR-6012 router's firmware version R0.40e6 allows sensitive information to be transmitted in cleartext via Web and FTP services, exposing it to network sniffing attacks.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-30 14:06 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-319 - Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
LevelOne WBR-6012 Affected: R0.40e6
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-32864 (GCVE-0-2024-32864)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-01 21:08 – Updated: 2024-08-05 19:10
VLAI
Title
exacqVison - HTTPS Session Establishment
Summary
Under certain circumstances exacqVision Web Services will not enforce secure web communications (HTTPS)
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-05 19:09 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-319 - - Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Johnson Controls exacqVision Affected: 0 , ≤ 24.03 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2024-08-01 16:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-31905 (GCVE-0-2024-31905)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-15 16:56 – Updated: 2025-09-29 15:07
VLAI
Title
IBM QRadar Network Packet Capture information disclosure
Summary
IBM QRadar Network Packet Capture 7.5 could allow a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information, caused by the failure to properly enable HTTP Strict Transport Security. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to obtain sensitive information using man in the middle techniques.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-15 18:39 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-319 - Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7160961 vendor-advisorypatch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM QRadar Network Packet Capture Affected: 7.5
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:qradar_network_packet_capture:7.5.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-31206 (GCVE-0-2024-31206)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-04 22:10 – Updated: 2024-08-26 20:27
VLAI
Title
Use of Unencrypted HTTP Request in dectalk-tts
Summary
dectalk-tts is a Node package to interact with the aeiou Dectalk web API. In `dectalk-tts@1.0.0`, network requests to the third-party API are sent over HTTP, which is unencrypted. Unencrypted traffic can be easily intercepted and modified by attackers. Anyone who uses the package could be the victim of a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack. The network request was upgraded to HTTPS in version `1.0.1`. There are no workarounds, but some precautions include not sending any sensitive information and carefully verifying the API response before saving it.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-04-05 17:16 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-300 - Channel Accessible by Non-Endpoint
  • CWE-319 - Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information
  • CWE-598 - Use of GET Request Method With Sensitive Query Strings
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
JstnMcBrd dectalk-tts Affected: = 1.0.0
Create a notification for this product.
jstnmcbrd dectalk-tts Affected: 1.0.0
    cpe:2.3:a:jstnmcbrd:dectalk-tts:1.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-30209 (GCVE-0-2024-30209)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-14 10:02 – Updated: 2024-08-02 01:25
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-0DA00) (All versions < V3.0.1.1), SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-0DA10) (All versions < V3.0.1.1), SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-0DA20) (All versions < V3.0.1.1), SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-0DA30) (All versions < V3.0.1.1), SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-1EA10) (All versions < V3.0.1.1), SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-1EA20) (All versions < V3.0.1.1), SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-1EA30) (All versions < V3.0.1.1). Affected systems transmit client-side resources without proper cryptographic protection. This could allow an attacker to eavesdrop on and modify resources in transit. A successful exploit requires an attacker to be in the network path between the RTLS Locating Manager server and a client (MitM).
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-07-23 18:38 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-319 - Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Siemens SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager Affected: 0 , < V3.0.1.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
siemens simatic_rtls_locating_manager Affected: 0 , < 3.0 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:siemens:simatic_rtls_locating_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-28786 (GCVE-0-2024-28786)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-27 23:36 – Updated: 2025-01-28 15:18
VLAI
Title
IBM QRadar SIEM information disclosure
Summary
IBM QRadar SIEM 7.5 transmits sensitive or security-critical data in cleartext in a communication channel that could be obtained by an unauthorized actor using man in the middle techniques.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-28 14:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-319 - Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM QRadar SIEM Affected: 7.5
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:qradar_security_information_and_event_manager:7.5.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-28169 (GCVE-0-2024-28169)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-13 21:08 – Updated: 2024-11-14 19:45
VLAI
Summary
Cleartext transmission of sensitive information for some BigDL software maintained by Intel(R) before version 2.5.0 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via adjacent access.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-14 15:09 UTC
CWE
  • denial of service
  • CWE-319 - Cleartext transmission of sensitive information
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a BigDL software maintained by Intel(R) Affected: before version 2.5.0
Show details on NVD website

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            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
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          "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01146.html"
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    "dateUpdated": "2024-11-14T19:45:18.138Z",
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}

CVE-2024-28134 (GCVE-0-2024-28134)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-14 08:09 – Updated: 2024-08-02 00:48
VLAI
Title
PHOENIX CONTACT: MitM attack gains privileges of the current logged in user in CHARX Series
Summary
An unauthenticated remote attacker can extract a session token with a MitM attack and gain web-based management access with the privileges of the currently logged in user due to cleartext transmission of sensitive information. No additional user interaction is required. The access is limited as only non-sensitive information can be obtained but the availability can be seriously affected. 
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-05-14 14:17 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-319 - Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
PHOENIX CONTACT CHARX SEC-3000 Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.5.1 (semver)
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PHOENIX CONTACT CHARX SEC-3050 Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.5.1 (semver)
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PHOENIX CONTACT CHARX SEC-3100 Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.5.1 (semver)
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PHOENIX CONTACT CHARX SEC-3150 Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.5.1 (semver)
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phoenixcontact charx_sec_3000 Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.5.1 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:phoenixcontact:charx_sec_3000:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
phoenixcontact charx_sec_3100 Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.5.1 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:phoenixcontact:charx_sec_3100:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
phoenixcontact charx_sec_3150 Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.5.1 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:phoenixcontact:charx_sec_3150:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
phoenixcontact charx_sec_3050 Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.5.1 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:phoenixcontact:charx_sec_3050:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-27166 (GCVE-0-2024-27166)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-06-14 03:48 – Updated: 2025-02-13 17:46
VLAI
Title
Insecure permissions
Summary
Coredump binaries in Toshiba printers have incorrect permissions. A local attacker can steal confidential information. As for the affected products/models/versions, see the reference URL.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-06-14 16:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-276 - Incorrect Default Permissions
  • CWE-319 - Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information
  • CWE-256 - Plaintext Storage of a Password
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Toshiba Tec Corporation Toshiba Tec e-Studio multi-function peripheral (MFP) Affected: see the reference URL
Create a notification for this product.
toshibatec e-studio-2521_ac Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2521_ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-2020_ac Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2020_ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-2520_nc Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2520_nc:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-2021_ac Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2021_ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-2525_ac Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2525_ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-3025_ac Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-3025_ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-3525_ac Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-3525_ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-3525_acg Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-3525_acg:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-4525_ac Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-4525_ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-5525_ac Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-5525_ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-5525_acg Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-5525_acg:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-6525_ac Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-6525_ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-6525_acg Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-6525_acg:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-2528-a Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2528-a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-3028-a Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-3028-a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-3528-a Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-3528-a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-3528-ag Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-3528-ag:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-4528-a Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-4528-a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-4528-ag Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-4528-ag:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-5528-a Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-5528-a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-6528-a Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-6528-a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-6526-ac Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-6526-ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-6527-ac Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-6527-ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-7527-ac Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-7527-ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-6529-a Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-6529-a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-7529-a Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-7529-a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-9029-a Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-9029-a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-330-ac Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-330-ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-400-ac Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-400-ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-2010-ac Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2010-ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-2110-ac Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2110-ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-2510-ac Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2510-ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-2610-ac Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2610-ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-2015-nc Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2015-nc:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-2515-nc Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2515-nc:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-2615-nc Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2615-nc:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-3015-nc Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-3015-nc:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-3115-nc Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-3115-nc:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-3515-nc Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-3515-nc:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-3615-nc Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-3615-nc:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-4515_ac Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-4515_ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-4615_ac Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-4615_ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-5015_ac Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-5015_ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-5115_ac Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-5115_ac:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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toshibatec e-studio-2018_a Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2018_a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
toshibatec e-studio-2518_a Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2518_a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
toshibatec e-studio-2618_a Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-2618_a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
toshibatec e-studio-3018_a Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-3018_a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
toshibatec e-studio-3118_a Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-3118_a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
toshibatec e-studio-3118_ag Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:toshibatec:e-studio-3118_ag:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2024-06-14 02:00
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Before transmitting, encrypt the data using reliable, confidentiality-protecting cryptographic protocols.

Mitigation
Implementation

When using web applications with SSL, use SSL for the entire session from login to logout, not just for the initial login page.

Mitigation
Implementation

When designing hardware platforms, ensure that approved encryption algorithms (such as those recommended by NIST) protect paths from security critical data to trusted user applications.

Mitigation
Testing

Use tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session. These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules.

Mitigation
Operation

Configure servers to use encrypted channels for communication, which may include SSL or other secure protocols.

CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking

Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.

CAPEC-117: Interception

An adversary monitors data streams to or from the target for information gathering purposes. This attack may be undertaken to solely gather sensitive information or to support a further attack against the target. This attack pattern can involve sniffing network traffic as well as other types of data streams (e.g. radio). The adversary can attempt to initiate the establishment of a data stream or passively observe the communications as they unfold. In all variants of this attack, the adversary is not the intended recipient of the data stream. In contrast to other means of gathering information (e.g., targeting data leaks), the adversary must actively position themself so as to observe explicit data channels (e.g. network traffic) and read the content. However, this attack differs from a Adversary-In-the-Middle (CAPEC-94) attack, as the adversary does not alter the content of the communications nor forward data to the intended recipient.

CAPEC-383: Harvesting Information via API Event Monitoring

An adversary hosts an event within an application framework and then monitors the data exchanged during the course of the event for the purpose of harvesting any important data leaked during the transactions. One example could be harvesting lists of usernames or userIDs for the purpose of sending spam messages to those users. One example of this type of attack involves the adversary creating an event within the sub-application. Assume the adversary hosts a "virtual sale" of rare items. As other users enter the event, the attacker records via AiTM (CAPEC-94) proxy the user_ids and usernames of everyone who attends. The adversary would then be able to spam those users within the application using an automated script.

CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content

An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.

CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code

An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.