CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
7800 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-7J45-7Q44-56W8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-25 03:31 – Updated: 2026-03-25 21:30A permissions issue was addressed with additional sandbox restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.5, macOS Sonoma 14.8.5, macOS Tahoe 26.4. An app may be able to break out of its sandbox.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-28838"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-25T01:17:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A permissions issue was addressed with additional sandbox restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.5, macOS Sonoma 14.8.5, macOS Tahoe 26.4. An app may be able to break out of its sandbox.",
"id": "GHSA-7j45-7q44-56w8",
"modified": "2026-03-25T21:30:29Z",
"published": "2026-03-25T03:31:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28838"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/126794"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/126795"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/126796"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7J69-8V7W-RPG2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-07 12:31 – Updated: 2025-03-07 12:31The VK Blocks plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 1.94.2.2 via the page content block. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to extract sensitive data including the content of private posts and pages.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-13635"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-07T10:15:15Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The VK Blocks plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 1.94.2.2 via the page content block. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to extract sensitive data including the content of private posts and pages.",
"id": "GHSA-7j69-8v7w-rpg2",
"modified": "2025-03-07T12:31:59Z",
"published": "2025-03-07T12:31:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13635"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/vk-blocks/trunk/inc/vk-blocks/build/blocks/page-content/index.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3233455/vk-blocks/trunk/inc/vk-blocks/build/blocks/page-content/index.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026new=3233455%40vk-blocks%2Ftrunk\u0026old=3227170%40vk-blocks%2Ftrunk\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/cc03b3f4-2edb-463b-812b-6a187a7a893c?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7J8M-P4VW-4597
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:03 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:03An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the MediaTek driver could enable a local malicious application to execute arbitrary code within the context of the kernel. This issue is rated as High because it first requires compromising a privileged process. Product: Android. Versions: Kernel-3.10. Android ID: A-31224389. References: MT-ALPS02943506.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-6782"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-01-12T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the MediaTek driver could enable a local malicious application to execute arbitrary code within the context of the kernel. This issue is rated as High because it first requires compromising a privileged process. Product: Android. Versions: Kernel-3.10. Android ID: A-31224389. References: MT-ALPS02943506.",
"id": "GHSA-7j8m-p4vw-4597",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:03:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:03:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6782"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2016-12-01.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94683"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7JF9-XQJC-725F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-13 09:30 – Updated: 2024-08-13 09:30A vulnerability has been identified in SINEC Traffic Analyzer (6GK8822-1BG01-0BA0) (All versions < V2.0). The affected application do not have access control for accessing the files. This could allow an authenticated attacker with low privilege's to get access to sensitive information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-41905"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-13T08:15:13Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SINEC Traffic Analyzer (6GK8822-1BG01-0BA0) (All versions \u003c V2.0). The affected application do not have access control for accessing the files. This could allow an authenticated attacker with low privilege\u0027s to get access to sensitive information.",
"id": "GHSA-7jf9-xqjc-725f",
"modified": "2024-08-13T09:30:52Z",
"published": "2024-08-13T09:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-41905"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-716317.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-7JPF-HRRG-GCJ2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-18 18:31 – Updated: 2025-04-22 15:30Incorrect access control in BW Broadcast TX600 (14980), TX300 (32990) (31448), TX150, TX1000, TX30, and TX50 Hardware Version: 2, Software Version: 1.6.0, Control Version: 1.0, AIO Firmware Version: 1.7 allows attackers to access log files and extract session identifiers to execute a session hijacking attack.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-28233"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-18T18:15:45Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Incorrect access control in BW Broadcast TX600 (14980), TX300 (32990) (31448), TX150, TX1000, TX30, and TX50 Hardware Version: 2, Software Version: 1.6.0, Control Version: 1.0, AIO Firmware Version: 1.7 allows attackers to access log files and extract session identifiers to execute a session hijacking attack.",
"id": "GHSA-7jpf-hrrg-gcj2",
"modified": "2025-04-22T15:30:51Z",
"published": "2025-04-18T18:31:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-28233"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shiky8/my--cve-vulnerability-research/tree/main/CVE-2025-28233"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7JPM-3PP4-32Q5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:28 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:28A vulnerability has been identified in a signed kernel driver for the BIOS of some ThinkPad systems that can allow an attacker with Windows administrator-level privileges to call System Management Mode (SMM) services. This could lead to a denial of service attack or allow certain BIOS variables or settings to be altered (such as boot sequence). The setting or changing of BIOS passwords is not affected by this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-8222"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-11-30T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in a signed kernel driver for the BIOS of some ThinkPad systems that can allow an attacker with Windows administrator-level privileges to call System Management Mode (SMM) services. This could lead to a denial of service attack or allow certain BIOS variables or settings to be altered (such as boot sequence). The setting or changing of BIOS passwords is not affected by this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-7jpm-3pp4-32q5",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:28:54Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:28:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-8222"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/solutions/LEN_8327"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94409"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7JPR-WGVJ-GFGP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:28 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:28During an internal security review, Lenovo identified a local privilege escalation vulnerability in Lenovo System Interface Foundation software installed on some Windows 10 PCs where a user with local privileges could run arbitrary code with administrator level privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-8223"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-11-29T20:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "During an internal security review, Lenovo identified a local privilege escalation vulnerability in Lenovo System Interface Foundation software installed on some Windows 10 PCs where a user with local privileges could run arbitrary code with administrator level privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-7jpr-wgvj-gfgp",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:28:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:28:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-8223"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/solutions/LEN_10150"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94597"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7JVP-HJ45-2F2M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-06 17:30 – Updated: 2026-07-06 17:30Description
When a host pushes a CLR object into a Scriban TemplateContext via the standard, documented pattern —
var so = new ScriptObject();
so["user"] = currentUser; // direct CLR reference
context.PushGlobal(so);
— TypedObjectAccessor exposes every public-getter property for both reading and writing, and writes land on the live host object and persist after Render() returns. The write path performs no CanWrite and no setter-visibility check, producing two related but distinct weaknesses:
(A) Mass assignment of public setters — CWE-915 (originally F-002). Any { get; set; } property is writable from template code ({{ user.is_admin = true }}, {{ order.total_price = 0 }}). This is "surprising but technically consistent with the setter being public" — and crucially, Scriban offers no way to expose such a property read-only, because MemberFilter is read/write-symmetric.
(B) Access-modifier bypass — CWE-284 (originally F-007). Properties the developer deliberately restricted are also writable, because reflection ignores C# accessibility:
| Declaration | Developer intent | Actual behavior |
|---|---|---|
| { get; set; } | writable | writable (mass assignment — A) |
| { get; private set; } | only the owning class writes | template writes freely |
| { get; internal set; } | only the declaring assembly writes | template writes freely |
| { get; init; } | immutable after construction (C# 9 language guarantee) | template writes freely post-construction |
The init-only post-construction write — the highest false-positive risk — was explicitly confirmed against the shipped 7.2.1 package.
Affected Versions
All releases that ship TypedObjectAccessor (<= 7.2.1). PrepareMembers has used the getter-only filter since the accessor was introduced, and TrySetValue has never checked the setter. The init bypass applies on .NET 5+; private set / internal set apply on every supported runtime. No patched version exists.
Steps to Reproduce
Copy-paste. Run from the engagement root (the folder containing both
scriban/andreports/).
Prereqs:
test -d scriban || { echo "scriban source missing"; exit 1; }
( command -v dotnet >/dev/null && dotnet --list-sdks | grep -q '^10\.' ) \
|| ( "$HOME/.dotnet/dotnet" --list-sdks | grep -q '^10\.' ) \
|| { echo ".NET 10 SDK missing"; exit 1; }
export PATH="$HOME/.dotnet:$PATH"
Run both PoCs (native):
( cd reports/f002/poc && dotnet run -c Release ) # (A) public-setter mass assignment
( cd reports/f007/poc && dotnet run -c Release ) # (B) private/internal/init bypass
Docker fallback (no native SDK required):
docker run --rm -v "$PWD":/work -w /work/reports/f007/poc \
mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:10.0 bash -lc "dotnet run -c Release"
Confirm the published package is affected (not just master): swap the ProjectReference in reports/f007/poc/poc.csproj for <PackageReference Include="Scriban" Version="7.2.1" /> and re-run — the four bypasses still succeed.
Each PoC prints [1] original CLR values, [2] template output (reads originals → writes → reads back), and [3] the C#-side read after Render() proving the live host object was permanently altered.
Remediation
Fixes are listed flat. Note that (B) has a clean, clearly-correct code fix; (A) requires a new control because public-setter writes are otherwise by-design.
- Fix 1 — block restricted setters in
TrySetValue(TypedObjectAccessor.csL108–L123). Fixes (B). Before the L120SetValue, require a public, non-initsetter:
A plainvar setM = propertyAccessor.GetSetMethod(nonPublic: false); if (setM is null) return false; // private / internal / protected setters if (setM.ReturnParameter.GetRequiredCustomModifiers() .Any(m => m.FullName == "System.Runtime.CompilerServices.IsExternalInit")) return false; // init-only: setter IS public, so the IsExternalInit check is REQUIREDGetSetMethod(nonPublic:false) != nullcheck is not sufficient forinit— the init setter is public; only theIsExternalInitmodreq distinguishes it. - Fix 2 — give hosts a read/write distinction (addresses (A)). Add a
MemberWriteFilteronTemplateContext(separate fromMemberFilter) and/or a[ScriptMemberReadOnly]attribute, and split_membersinto_readableMembers/_writableMembersinPrepareMembers(L126–L186). Public-settable mass assignment cannot be blocked without one of these, becauseMemberFilteris read/write-symmetric today. - Fix 3 — restore read-only-by-default on
ScriptObject.Import(ScriptObjectExtensions.csL320–L324). Gate the Liquid-compatibility relaxation behind an explicit opt-in instead of removing write protection globally. - Fix 4 — documentation (
site/docs/runtime/safe-runtime.md). State explicitly that templates can write CLR properties via reflection (includingprivate/internal/initsetters), and thatMemberFilterdoes not separate read from write. - Fix 5 — regression tests (
src/Scriban.Tests/). Assertprivate set/internal set/initare non-writable from templates, thatMemberWriteFilter/[ScriptMemberReadOnly]gate writes, and that only publicsetis writable.
References
- Vulnerable write path (no setter check):
scriban/src/Scriban/Runtime/Accessors/TypedObjectAccessor.csL108–L123 (TrySetValue), sink at L120propertyAccessor.SetValue(target, context.ToObject(span, value, propertyAccessor.PropertyType)); - Getter-only member filter:
TypedObjectAccessor.csL126–L186 (PrepareMembers), enumeration at L150, gate at L156; same_membersconsumed byTryGetValue(L66–L83) - Member-assignment dispatch:
scriban/src/Scriban/ScribanAsync.generated.cs:2297(accessor.TrySetValue(...)) and the synchronous evaluator - No read/write separation:
MemberFilterdeclaredTemplateContext.cs:286, appliedTemplateContext.cs:1026;ScriptObject.Importread-only removalScriptObjectExtensions.cs:320–324 - .NET reflection bypasses access modifiers: https://learn.microsoft.com/dotnet/api/system.reflection.propertyinfo.setvalue
initaccessors (C# 9): https://learn.microsoft.com/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/proposals/csharp-9.0/init- CWE-915 — https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/915.html
- CWE-284 — https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/284.html
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 7.2.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Scriban"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.2.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-915"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-06T17:30:17Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "\u003c!-- obsidian --\u003e\u003ch2 data-heading=\"Description\"\u003eDescription\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen a host pushes a CLR object into a Scriban \u003ccode\u003eTemplateContext\u003c/code\u003e via the standard, documented pattern \u2014\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\"\u003evar so = new ScriptObject();\nso[\"user\"] = currentUser; // direct CLR reference\ncontext.PushGlobal(so);\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u2014 \u003ccode\u003eTypedObjectAccessor\u003c/code\u003e exposes every public-getter property for \u003cstrong\u003eboth reading and writing\u003c/strong\u003e, and writes land on the live host object and \u003cstrong\u003epersist after \u003ccode\u003eRender()\u003c/code\u003e returns\u003c/strong\u003e. The write path performs no \u003ccode\u003eCanWrite\u003c/code\u003e and no setter-visibility check, producing two related but distinct weaknesses:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(A) Mass assignment of public setters \u2014 CWE-915 (originally F-002).\u003c/strong\u003e Any \u003ccode\u003e{ get; set; }\u003c/code\u003e property is writable from template code (\u003ccode\u003e{{ user.is_admin = true }}\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003e{{ order.total_price = 0 }}\u003c/code\u003e). This is \"surprising but technically consistent with the setter being public\" \u2014 and crucially, Scriban offers \u003cstrong\u003eno way to expose such a property read-only\u003c/strong\u003e, because \u003ccode\u003eMemberFilter\u003c/code\u003e is read/write-symmetric.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(B) Access-modifier bypass \u2014 CWE-284 (originally F-007).\u003c/strong\u003e Properties the developer \u003cstrong\u003edeliberately\u003c/strong\u003e restricted are also writable, because reflection ignores C# accessibility:\u003c/p\u003e\n\nDeclaration | Developer intent | Actual behavior\n-- | -- | --\n{ get; set; } | writable | writable (mass assignment \u2014 A)\n{ get; private set; } | only the owning class writes | template writes freely\n{ get; internal set; } | only the declaring assembly writes | template writes freely\n{ get; init; } | immutable after construction (C# 9 language guarantee) | template writes freely post-construction\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003einit\u003c/code\u003e-only post-construction write \u2014 the highest false-positive risk \u2014 was explicitly confirmed against the shipped 7.2.1 package.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-heading=\"Affected Versions\"\u003eAffected Versions\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll releases that ship \u003ccode\u003eTypedObjectAccessor\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ccode\u003e\u0026#x3C;= 7.2.1\u003c/code\u003e). \u003ccode\u003ePrepareMembers\u003c/code\u003e has used the getter-only filter since the accessor was introduced, and \u003ccode\u003eTrySetValue\u003c/code\u003e has never checked the setter. The \u003ccode\u003einit\u003c/code\u003e bypass applies on .NET 5+; \u003ccode\u003eprivate set\u003c/code\u003e / \u003ccode\u003einternal set\u003c/code\u003e apply on every supported runtime. No patched version exists.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-heading=\"Steps to Reproduce\"\u003eSteps to Reproduce\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCopy-paste. Run from the engagement root (the folder containing both \u003ccode\u003escriban/\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003ereports/\u003c/code\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrereqs:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-bash\"\u003etest -d scriban || { echo \"scriban source missing\"; exit 1; }\n( command -v dotnet \u003e/dev/null \u0026#x26;\u0026#x26; dotnet --list-sdks | grep -q \u0027^10\\.\u0027 ) \\\n || ( \"$HOME/.dotnet/dotnet\" --list-sdks | grep -q \u0027^10\\.\u0027 ) \\\n || { echo \".NET 10 SDK missing\"; exit 1; }\nexport PATH=\"$HOME/.dotnet:$PATH\"\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRun both PoCs (native):\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-bash\"\u003e( cd reports/f002/poc \u0026#x26;\u0026#x26; dotnet run -c Release ) # (A) public-setter mass assignment\n( cd reports/f007/poc \u0026#x26;\u0026#x26; dotnet run -c Release ) # (B) private/internal/init bypass\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDocker fallback (no native SDK required):\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-bash\"\u003edocker run --rm -v \"$PWD\":/work -w /work/reports/f007/poc \\\n mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:10.0 bash -lc \"dotnet run -c Release\"\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConfirm the published package is affected (not just master):\u003c/strong\u003e swap the \u003ccode\u003eProjectReference\u003c/code\u003e in \u003ccode\u003ereports/f007/poc/poc.csproj\u003c/code\u003e for \u003ccode\u003e\u0026#x3C;PackageReference Include=\"Scriban\" Version=\"7.2.1\" /\u003e\u003c/code\u003e and re-run \u2014 the four bypasses still succeed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach PoC prints \u003ccode\u003e[1]\u003c/code\u003e original CLR values, \u003ccode\u003e[2]\u003c/code\u003e template output (reads originals \u2192 writes \u2192 reads back), and \u003ccode\u003e[3]\u003c/code\u003e the \u003cstrong\u003eC#-side\u003c/strong\u003e read after \u003ccode\u003eRender()\u003c/code\u003e proving the live host object was permanently altered.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-heading=\"Remediation\"\u003eRemediation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFixes are listed flat. Note that (B) has a clean, clearly-correct code fix; (A) requires a \u003cem\u003enew control\u003c/em\u003e because public-setter writes are otherwise by-design.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFix 1 \u2014 block restricted setters in \u003ccode\u003eTrySetValue\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ccode\u003eTypedObjectAccessor.cs\u003c/code\u003e L108\u2013L123). Fixes (B).\u003c/strong\u003e Before the L120 \u003ccode\u003eSetValue\u003c/code\u003e, require a public, non-\u003ccode\u003einit\u003c/code\u003e setter:\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\"\u003evar setM = propertyAccessor.GetSetMethod(nonPublic: false);\nif (setM is null) return false; // private / internal / protected setters\nif (setM.ReturnParameter.GetRequiredCustomModifiers()\n .Any(m =\u003e m.FullName == \"System.Runtime.CompilerServices.IsExternalInit\"))\n return false; // init-only: setter IS public, so the IsExternalInit check is REQUIRED\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\nA plain \u003ccode\u003eGetSetMethod(nonPublic:false) != null\u003c/code\u003e check is \u003cstrong\u003enot\u003c/strong\u003e sufficient for \u003ccode\u003einit\u003c/code\u003e \u2014 the init setter is public; only the \u003ccode\u003eIsExternalInit\u003c/code\u003e modreq distinguishes it.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFix 2 \u2014 give hosts a read/write distinction (addresses (A)).\u003c/strong\u003e Add a \u003ccode\u003eMemberWriteFilter\u003c/code\u003e on \u003ccode\u003eTemplateContext\u003c/code\u003e (separate from \u003ccode\u003eMemberFilter\u003c/code\u003e) and/or a \u003ccode\u003e[ScriptMemberReadOnly]\u003c/code\u003e attribute, and split \u003ccode\u003e_members\u003c/code\u003e into \u003ccode\u003e_readableMembers\u003c/code\u003e / \u003ccode\u003e_writableMembers\u003c/code\u003e in \u003ccode\u003ePrepareMembers\u003c/code\u003e (L126\u2013L186). Public-settable mass assignment cannot be blocked without one of these, because \u003ccode\u003eMemberFilter\u003c/code\u003e is read/write-symmetric today.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFix 3 \u2014 restore read-only-by-default on \u003ccode\u003eScriptObject.Import\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ccode\u003eScriptObjectExtensions.cs\u003c/code\u003e L320\u2013L324).\u003c/strong\u003e Gate the Liquid-compatibility relaxation behind an explicit opt-in instead of removing write protection globally.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFix 4 \u2014 documentation (\u003ccode\u003esite/docs/runtime/safe-runtime.md\u003c/code\u003e).\u003c/strong\u003e State explicitly that templates can write CLR properties via reflection (including \u003ccode\u003eprivate\u003c/code\u003e/\u003ccode\u003einternal\u003c/code\u003e/\u003ccode\u003einit\u003c/code\u003e setters), and that \u003ccode\u003eMemberFilter\u003c/code\u003e does not separate read from write.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFix 5 \u2014 regression tests (\u003ccode\u003esrc/Scriban.Tests/\u003c/code\u003e).\u003c/strong\u003e Assert \u003ccode\u003eprivate set\u003c/code\u003e / \u003ccode\u003einternal set\u003c/code\u003e / \u003ccode\u003einit\u003c/code\u003e are non-writable from templates, that \u003ccode\u003eMemberWriteFilter\u003c/code\u003e / \u003ccode\u003e[ScriptMemberReadOnly]\u003c/code\u003e gate writes, and that only public \u003ccode\u003eset\u003c/code\u003e is writable.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-heading=\"References\"\u003eReferences\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVulnerable write path (no setter check): \u003ccode\u003escriban/src/Scriban/Runtime/Accessors/TypedObjectAccessor.cs\u003c/code\u003e L108\u2013L123 (\u003ccode\u003eTrySetValue\u003c/code\u003e), sink at L120 \u003ccode\u003epropertyAccessor.SetValue(target, context.ToObject(span, value, propertyAccessor.PropertyType));\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGetter-only member filter: \u003ccode\u003eTypedObjectAccessor.cs\u003c/code\u003e L126\u2013L186 (\u003ccode\u003ePrepareMembers\u003c/code\u003e), enumeration at L150, gate at L156; same \u003ccode\u003e_members\u003c/code\u003e consumed by \u003ccode\u003eTryGetValue\u003c/code\u003e (L66\u2013L83)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMember-assignment dispatch: \u003ccode\u003escriban/src/Scriban/ScribanAsync.generated.cs:2297\u003c/code\u003e (\u003ccode\u003eaccessor.TrySetValue(...)\u003c/code\u003e) and the synchronous evaluator\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNo read/write separation: \u003ccode\u003eMemberFilter\u003c/code\u003e declared \u003ccode\u003eTemplateContext.cs:286\u003c/code\u003e, applied \u003ccode\u003eTemplateContext.cs:1026\u003c/code\u003e; \u003ccode\u003eScriptObject.Import\u003c/code\u003e read-only removal \u003ccode\u003eScriptObjectExtensions.cs:320\u2013324\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e.NET reflection bypasses access modifiers: \u003ca href=\"https://learn.microsoft.com/dotnet/api/system.reflection.propertyinfo.setvalue\" class=\"external-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"\u003ehttps://learn.microsoft.com/dotnet/api/system.reflection.propertyinfo.setvalue\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003einit\u003c/code\u003e accessors (C# 9): \u003ca href=\"https://learn.microsoft.com/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/proposals/csharp-9.0/init\" class=\"external-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"\u003ehttps://learn.microsoft.com/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/proposals/csharp-9.0/init\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCWE-915 \u2014 \u003ca href=\"https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/915.html\" class=\"external-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"\u003ehttps://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/915.html\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCWE-284 \u2014 \u003ca href=\"https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/284.html\" class=\"external-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"\u003ehttps://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/284.html\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e",
"id": "GHSA-7jvp-hj45-2f2m",
"modified": "2026-07-06T17:30:17Z",
"published": "2026-07-06T17:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/scriban/scriban/security/advisories/GHSA-7jvp-hj45-2f2m"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/scriban/scriban"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Scriban: Template Writes to Arbitrary CLR Properties via `TypedObjectAccessor` (Mass Assignment + `private` / `init` / `internal` Setter Bypass)"
}
GHSA-7JX6-R36G-7PWQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-25 03:31 – Updated: 2026-03-25 21:30A validation issue existed in the entitlement verification. This issue was addressed with improved validation of the process entitlement. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.5, macOS Sonoma 14.8.5, macOS Tahoe 26.4. An app may be able to gain elevated privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-28821"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-25T01:17:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A validation issue existed in the entitlement verification. This issue was addressed with improved validation of the process entitlement. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.5, macOS Sonoma 14.8.5, macOS Tahoe 26.4. An app may be able to gain elevated privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-7jx6-r36g-7pwq",
"modified": "2026-03-25T21:30:28Z",
"published": "2026-03-25T03:31:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28821"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/126794"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/126795"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/126796"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7JXV-2XPM-95JX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:16 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:16ECOA BAS controller is vulnerable to insecure direct object references that occur when the application provides direct access to objects based on user-supplied input. As a result of this vulnerability, attackers with general user's privilege can remotely bypass authorization and access the hidden resources in the system and execute privileged functionalities.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-41298"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-30T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "ECOA BAS controller is vulnerable to insecure direct object references that occur when the application provides direct access to objects based on user-supplied input. As a result of this vulnerability, attackers with general user\u0027s privilege can remotely bypass authorization and access the hidden resources in the system and execute privileged functionalities.",
"id": "GHSA-7jxv-2xpm-95jx",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:16:13Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:16:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-41298"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-5134-39f74-1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.