CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
7803 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-4M6P-F924-HJW4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-06 12:30 – Updated: 2025-03-06 18:31Improper Access Control vulnerability in Apache Traffic Server.
This issue affects Apache Traffic Server: from 10.0.0 through 10.0.3.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 10.0.4, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-56196"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-06T12:15:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper Access Control vulnerability in Apache Traffic Server.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Traffic Server: from 10.0.0 through 10.0.3.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 10.0.4, which fixes the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-4m6p-f924-hjw4",
"modified": "2025-03-06T18:31:09Z",
"published": "2025-03-06T12:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-56196"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/btofzws2yqskk2n7f01r3l1819x01023"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4M76-9MRC-2HG5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-23 00:30 – Updated: 2024-05-23 00:30A local privilege escalation vulnerability in EPMM before 12.1.0.0 allows an authenticated local user to bypass shell restriction and execute arbitrary commands on the appliance.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-22026"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-22T23:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A local privilege escalation vulnerability in EPMM before 12.1.0.0 allows an authenticated local user to bypass shell restriction and execute arbitrary commands on the appliance.",
"id": "GHSA-4m76-9mrc-2hg5",
"modified": "2024-05-23T00:30:37Z",
"published": "2024-05-23T00:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-22026"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/Security-Advisory-EPMM-May-2024?language=en_US"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4M8X-4M59-3Q64
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-25 21:31 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:46GigaDevice GD32E103C8T6 devices have Incorrect Access Control.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-21741"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-25T21:15:57Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "GigaDevice GD32E103C8T6 devices have Incorrect Access Control.",
"id": "GHSA-4m8x-4m59-3q64",
"modified": "2024-07-03T18:46:57Z",
"published": "2024-06-25T21:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21741"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/view/11422/10927"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4M9M-XF34-3Q86
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-15 18:30 – Updated: 2023-02-24 21:30LS ELECTRIC XBC-DN32U with operating system version 01.80 has improper access control to its read prohibition feature. This could allow a remote attacker to remotely set the feature to lock users out of reading data from the device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22805"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-15T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "LS ELECTRIC XBC-DN32U with operating system version 01.80 has improper access control to its read prohibition feature. This could allow a remote attacker to remotely set the feature to lock users out of reading data from the device.",
"id": "GHSA-4m9m-xf34-3q86",
"modified": "2023-02-24T21:30:19Z",
"published": "2023-02-15T18:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22805"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-23-040-02"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4MFJ-5WR8-X32Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:09 – Updated: 2025-04-12 12:48The mod_copy module in ProFTPD 1.3.5 allows remote attackers to read and write to arbitrary files via the site cpfr and site cpto commands.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-3306"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-05-18T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The mod_copy module in ProFTPD 1.3.5 allows remote attackers to read and write to arbitrary files via the site cpfr and site cpto commands.",
"id": "GHSA-4mfj-5wr8-x32q",
"modified": "2025-04-12T12:48:01Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:09:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-3306"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/36742"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/36803"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2015-May/157053.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2015-May/157054.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2015-May/157581.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2015-06/msg00020.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/131505/ProFTPd-1.3.5-File-Copy.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/131555/ProFTPd-1.3.5-Remote-Command-Execution.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/131567/ProFTPd-CPFR-CPTO-Proof-Of-Concept.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/132218/ProFTPD-1.3.5-Mod_Copy-Command-Execution.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/162777/ProFTPd-1.3.5-Remote-Command-Execution.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2015/dsa-3263"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/unix/ftp/proftpd_modcopy_exec"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/74238"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-4MMR-2RQP-FPCQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-07 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:37The Page Builder: KingComposer plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in versions up to, and including, 2.9.3. This is due to a security nonce being leaked in the '/wp-admin/index.php' page. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers to change arbitrary WordPress options, delete arbitrary files/folders, and inject arbitrary content.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-36700"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-07T02:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Page Builder: KingComposer plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in versions up to, and including, 2.9.3. This is due to a security nonce being leaked in the \u0027/wp-admin/index.php\u0027 page. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers to change arbitrary WordPress options, delete arbitrary files/folders, and inject arbitrary content.",
"id": "GHSA-4mmr-2rqp-fpcq",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:37:20Z",
"published": "2023-06-07T03:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36700"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/wordpress-kingcomposer-page-builder-fixed-multiple-critical-vulnerabilities"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=2320014%40kingcomposer\u0026new=2320014%40kingcomposer\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/kingcomposer/#developers"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/1bdba04e-df4d-4094-877e-611d69e2e25d?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4MQ4-7RW3-VM5J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-13 13:32 – Updated: 2024-01-03 16:44Summary
As of Wasmer version v4.2.3, Wasm programs can access the filesystem outside of the sandbox.
Details
https://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer/issues/4267
PoC
A minimal Rust program:
fn main() {
let f = std::fs::OpenOptions::new()
.write(true)
.create_new(true)
.open("abc")
.unwrap();
}
This should be compiled with cargo build --target wasm32-wasi. The compiled program, when run with wasmer WITHOUT --dir, can still create a file in the working directory.
Impact
Service providers running untrusted Wasm code on Wasmer can unexpectedly expose the host filesystem.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "wasmer-cli"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-51661"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-12-13T13:32:38Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-22T15:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nAs of Wasmer version v4.2.3, Wasm programs can access the filesystem outside of the sandbox.\n\n### Details\nhttps://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer/issues/4267\n\n### PoC\nA minimal Rust program:\n\n```\nfn main() {\n let f = std::fs::OpenOptions::new()\n .write(true)\n .create_new(true)\n .open(\"abc\")\n .unwrap();\n}\n```\n\nThis should be compiled with `cargo build --target wasm32-wasi`. The compiled program, when run with wasmer WITHOUT `--dir`, can still create a file in the working directory.\n\n### Impact\nService providers running untrusted Wasm code on Wasmer can unexpectedly expose the host filesystem.",
"id": "GHSA-4mq4-7rw3-vm5j",
"modified": "2024-01-03T16:44:36Z",
"published": "2023-12-13T13:32:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer/security/advisories/GHSA-4mq4-7rw3-vm5j"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-51661"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer/issues/4267"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer/commit/4d63febf9d8b257b0531963b85df48d45d0dbf3c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer/commit/e3923612c23123025c26f982d390e34df7df030f"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/wasmerio/wasmer"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Wasmer filesystem sandbox not enforced"
}
GHSA-4MQW-V4PQ-HG97
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-17 00:32 – Updated: 2024-07-19 15:31Vulnerability in the Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Java SE (component: 2D). Supported versions that are affected are Oracle Java SE: 8u411, 8u411-perf, 11.0.23, 17.0.11, 21.0.3, 22.0.1; Oracle GraalVM for JDK: 17.0.11, 21.0.3, 22.0.1; Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 20.3.14 and 21.3.10. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition accessible data. Note: This vulnerability can be exploited by using APIs in the specified Component, e.g., through a web service which supplies data to the APIs. This vulnerability also applies to Java deployments, typically in clients running sandboxed Java Web Start applications or sandboxed Java applets, that load and run untrusted code (e.g., code that comes from the internet) and rely on the Java sandbox for security. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 4.8 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-21145"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-16T23:15:15Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Java SE (component: 2D). Supported versions that are affected are Oracle Java SE: 8u411, 8u411-perf, 11.0.23, 17.0.11, 21.0.3, 22.0.1; Oracle GraalVM for JDK: 17.0.11, 21.0.3, 22.0.1; Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 20.3.14 and 21.3.10. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition accessible data. Note: This vulnerability can be exploited by using APIs in the specified Component, e.g., through a web service which supplies data to the APIs. This vulnerability also applies to Java deployments, typically in clients running sandboxed Java Web Start applications or sandboxed Java applets, that load and run untrusted code (e.g., code that comes from the internet) and rely on the Java sandbox for security. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 4.8 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-4mqw-v4pq-hg97",
"modified": "2024-07-19T15:31:46Z",
"published": "2024-07-17T00:32:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21145"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240719-0008"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2024.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4MVQ-G24W-Q4W9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-05 18:30 – Updated: 2023-08-05 18:30A vulnerability was found in Ruijie RG-EW1200G 1.0(1)B1P5. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /api/sys/set_passwd of the component Administrator Password Handler. The manipulation leads to improper access controls. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-236185 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4169"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-05T18:15:17Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Ruijie RG-EW1200G 1.0(1)B1P5. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /api/sys/set_passwd of the component Administrator Password Handler. The manipulation leads to improper access controls. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-236185 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-4mvq-g24w-q4w9",
"modified": "2023-08-05T18:30:22Z",
"published": "2023-08-05T18:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4169"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/blakespire/repoforcve/tree/main/RG-EW1200G"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.236185"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.236185"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4MVW-J8R9-XCGC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-22 16:43 – Updated: 2026-06-22 16:43Summary
The regex validation used to prevent Introspection queries can be bypassed by removing the extra whitespace, carriage return, and line feed characters from the query.
Details
GraphQL Queries in OpenCTI can be validated using the secureIntrospectionPlugin.
Impact
Bypassing this restriction allows the attacker to gather a wealth of information about the GraphQL endpoint functionality that can be used to perform actions and/or read data without authorization. These queries can also be weaponized to conduct a Denial of Service (DoS) attack if sent repeatedly.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "pycti"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.1.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-37155"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-22T16:43:24Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-18T15:15:06Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nThe regex validation used to prevent Introspection queries can be bypassed by removing the extra whitespace, carriage return, and line feed characters from the query.\n\n### Details\n\nGraphQL Queries in OpenCTI can be validated using the `secureIntrospectionPlugin`.\n\n### Impact\nBypassing this restriction allows the attacker to gather a wealth of information about the GraphQL endpoint functionality that can be used to perform actions and/or read data without authorization. These queries can also be weaponized to conduct a Denial of Service (DoS) attack if sent repeatedly.",
"id": "GHSA-4mvw-j8r9-xcgc",
"modified": "2026-06-22T16:43:24Z",
"published": "2026-06-22T16:43:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenCTI-Platform/opencti/security/advisories/GHSA-4mvw-j8r9-xcgc"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-37155"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenCTI-Platform/opencti/commit/f87d96918c63b0c3d3ebfbea6c789d48e2f56ad5"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenCTI-Platform/opencti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenCTI-Platform/opencti/blob/6343b82b0b0a5d3ded3b30d08ce282328a556268/opencti-platform/opencti-graphql/src/graphql/graphql.js#L83-L94"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/pycti/PYSEC-2024-313.yaml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "OpenCTI May Bypass Introspection Restriction"
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.