Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-284

Discouraged

Improper Access Control

Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete

The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.

7802 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-393C-QGVJ-3XPH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-23 00:31 – Updated: 2026-01-23 20:14
VLAI
Summary
Gitea does not properly validate repository ownership when deleting Git LFS locks
Details

Gitea does not properly validate repository ownership when deleting Git LFS locks. A user with write access to one repository may be able to delete LFS locks belonging to other repositories.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/go-gitea/gitea"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.25.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-20897"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-23T20:14:46Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-22T22:16:18Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Gitea does not properly validate repository ownership when deleting Git LFS locks. A user with write access to one repository may be able to delete LFS locks belonging to other repositories.",
  "id": "GHSA-393c-qgvj-3xph",
  "modified": "2026-01-23T20:14:46Z",
  "published": "2026-01-23T00:31:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20897"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/36344"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/36349"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/commit/da036f3f35ca830b22cf4480912ed261303b798f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.gitea.com/release-of-1.25.4"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.25.4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Gitea does not properly validate repository ownership when deleting Git LFS locks"
}

GHSA-39CV-33WR-FGXH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-15 12:00 – Updated: 2022-11-18 00:30
VLAI
Details

Denial of service in video due to improper access control in broadcast receivers in Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Wearables

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-25679"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-11-15T10:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Denial of service in video due to improper access control in broadcast receivers in Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Wearables",
  "id": "GHSA-39cv-33wr-fgxh",
  "modified": "2022-11-18T00:30:22Z",
  "published": "2022-11-15T12:00:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25679"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/november-2022-bulletin"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-39F8-7XX8-77CH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-16 12:30 – Updated: 2024-12-16 12:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was found in InvoicePlane up to 1.6.1. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function upload_file of the file /index.php/upload/upload_file/1/1. The manipulation of the argument file leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 1.6.2-beta-1 is able to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The vendor was contacted early, responded in a very professional manner and quickly released a fixed version of the affected product.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-12478"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-16T11:15:04Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in InvoicePlane up to 1.6.1. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function upload_file of the file /index.php/upload/upload_file/1/1. The manipulation of the argument file leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 1.6.2-beta-1 is able to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The vendor was contacted early, responded in a very professional manner and quickly released a fixed version of the affected product.",
  "id": "GHSA-39f8-7xx8-77ch",
  "modified": "2024-12-16T12:30:29Z",
  "published": "2024-12-16T12:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-12478"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/InvoicePlane/InvoicePlane/pull/1141"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/InvoicePlane/InvoicePlane/releases/tag/v1.6.2-beta-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.288538"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.288538"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.459910"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-39G2-28Q4-QH2Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-05 12:31 – Updated: 2024-11-05 12:31
VLAI
Details

The Zotpress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the Zotpress_process_accounts_AJAX function in all versions up to, and including, 7.3.12. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to reset the plugin's settings.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-7429"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-05T10:21:16Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Zotpress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the Zotpress_process_accounts_AJAX function in all versions up to, and including, 7.3.12. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to reset the plugin\u0027s settings.",
  "id": "GHSA-39g2-28q4-qh2q",
  "modified": "2024-11-05T12:31:03Z",
  "published": "2024-11-05T12:31:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7429"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/zotpress/trunk/lib/admin/admin.php#L40"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3153348/zotpress/trunk/lib/admin/admin.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/1f38676b-270f-4b0f-bc98-a14a26b86a50?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-39J9-XXMR-PCH7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-07 12:31 – Updated: 2026-01-07 12:31
VLAI
Details

A flaw has been found in projectworlds House Rental and Property Listing 1.0. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /app/register.php?action=reg of the component Signup. This manipulation of the argument image causes unrestricted upload. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been published and may be used.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-0643"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-07T12:17:07Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A flaw has been found in projectworlds House Rental and Property Listing 1.0. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /app/register.php?action=reg of the component Signup. This manipulation of the argument image causes unrestricted upload. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been published and may be used.",
  "id": "GHSA-39j9-xxmr-pch7",
  "modified": "2026-01-07T12:31:25Z",
  "published": "2026-01-07T12:31:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0643"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/1uzpk/cve/issues/4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.339686"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.339686"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.732563"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-39XH-X2WJ-8255

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-30 12:30 – Updated: 2022-12-02 00:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability classified as critical was found in SourceCodester Book Store Management System 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /bsms_ci/index.php. The manipulation leads to improper access controls. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-214588.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-4229"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-11-30T12:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability classified as critical was found in SourceCodester Book Store Management System 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /bsms_ci/index.php. The manipulation leads to improper access controls. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-214588.",
  "id": "GHSA-39xh-x2wj-8255",
  "modified": "2022-12-02T00:30:24Z",
  "published": "2022-11-30T12:30:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-4229"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/lithonn/bug-report/tree/main/vendors/oretnom23/bsms_ci/broken-access-control"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.214588"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.214588"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3C2J-RV98-W4XF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-24 18:31 – Updated: 2025-04-24 18:31
VLAI
Details

Improper access control of endpoint in HCL Leap allows certain admin users to import applications from the server's filesystem.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-30148"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-24T16:15:28Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper access control of endpoint in HCL Leap\nallows certain admin users to import applications from the\nserver\u0027s filesystem.",
  "id": "GHSA-3c2j-rv98-w4xf",
  "modified": "2025-04-24T18:31:04Z",
  "published": "2025-04-24T18:31:04Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-30148"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.hcl-software.com/csm?id=kb_article\u0026sysparm_article=KB0119900"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3C2M-8JFJ-576J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:48 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:48
VLAI
Details

MediaWiki 1.27.x before 1.27.1 might allow remote attackers to bypass intended session access restrictions by leveraging a call to the UserGetRights function after Session::getAllowedUserRights.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-6337"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-04-20T17:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "MediaWiki 1.27.x before 1.27.1 might allow remote attackers to bypass intended session access restrictions by leveraging a call to the UserGetRights function after Session::getAllowedUserRights.",
  "id": "GHSA-3c2m-8jfj-576j",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T02:48:44Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:48:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6337"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/mediawiki-announce/2016-August/000195.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T139670"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3C6J-HQ33-3JV4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-02 17:12 – Updated: 2026-07-02 17:12
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw: Paired nodes could forge exec lifecycle events without system.run provenance
Details

Summary

OpenClaw nodes send lifecycle events back to the gateway. In affected releases, a paired node could send an exec lifecycle event that was accepted without enough provenance tying it to an authorized system.run request.

This issue affects the node event boundary. It does not allow an unauthenticated caller to reach the gateway; the attacker must already control a paired node connection.

Affected configurations

This affects deployments with a paired node where that node can send crafted node.event messages to the gateway and the target agent/session can process exec lifecycle events.

Impact

A malicious or compromised paired node could make the gateway treat attacker-supplied event data as an exec lifecycle result. In the vulnerable flow, that could steer the target session into an exec-event path that exposed capabilities the reduced node surface should not have provided.

The issue is a missing provenance check for node-originated lifecycle events.

Patched Versions

The first stable patched version is 2026.5.18.

Mitigations

Upgrade to openclaw@2026.5.18 or later. Pair nodes only from trusted environments, and remove/re-pair nodes that may have been compromised.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.5.18"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-53816"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-862",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-02T17:12:03Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-11T21:16:23Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nOpenClaw nodes send lifecycle events back to the gateway. In affected releases, a paired node could send an exec lifecycle event that was accepted without enough provenance tying it to an authorized `system.run` request.\n\nThis issue affects the node event boundary. It does not allow an unauthenticated caller to reach the gateway; the attacker must already control a paired node connection.\n\n### Affected configurations\n\nThis affects deployments with a paired node where that node can send crafted `node.event` messages to the gateway and the target agent/session can process exec lifecycle events.\n\n### Impact\n\nA malicious or compromised paired node could make the gateway treat attacker-supplied event data as an exec lifecycle result. In the vulnerable flow, that could steer the target session into an exec-event path that exposed capabilities the reduced node surface should not have provided.\n\nThe issue is a missing provenance check for node-originated lifecycle events.\n\n### Patched Versions\n\nThe first stable patched version is `2026.5.18`.\n\n### Mitigations\n\nUpgrade to `openclaw@2026.5.18` or later. Pair nodes only from trusted environments, and remove/re-pair nodes that may have been compromised.",
  "id": "GHSA-3c6j-hq33-3jv4",
  "modified": "2026-07-02T17:12:03Z",
  "published": "2026-07-02T17:12:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-3c6j-hq33-3jv4"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53816"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-exec-lifecycle-event-forgery-via-paired-node"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: Paired nodes could forge exec lifecycle events without system.run provenance"
}

GHSA-3C94-6M3R-2FRP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-22 21:30 – Updated: 2025-09-22 21:30
VLAI
Details

A flaw was found in the Lightspeed history service. Insufficient access controls allow a local, unprivileged user to access and manipulate the chat history of another user on the same system. By abusing inter-process communication calls to the history service, an attacker can view, delete, or inject arbitrary history entries, including misleading or malicious commands. This can be used to deceive another user into executing harmful actions, posing a risk of privilege misuse or unauthorized command execution through social engineering.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-5962"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-22T08:15:34Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A flaw was found in the Lightspeed history service. Insufficient access controls allow a local, unprivileged user to access and manipulate the chat history of another user on the same system. By abusing inter-process communication  calls to the history service, an attacker can view, delete, or inject arbitrary history entries, including misleading or malicious commands. This can be used to deceive another user into executing harmful actions, posing a risk of privilege misuse or unauthorized command execution through social engineering.",
  "id": "GHSA-3c94-6m3r-2frp",
  "modified": "2025-09-22T21:30:20Z",
  "published": "2025-09-22T21:30:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5962"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:16345"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:16346"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-5962"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2371363"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-1
Architecture and Design Operation

Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.

Mitigation MIT-46
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

  • Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
  • Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts

An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.

CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion

An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.

CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.

CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.

CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof

An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.

CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure

An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.

CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration

An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.

CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment

An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.

CAPEC-550: Install New Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.

CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.

CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.

CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers

When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.

CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable

An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.

CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File

An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.

CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot

An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.

CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon

Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.

CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.